主旨大意题分析Word格式.docx
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Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence"
.Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren'
tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?
Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'
tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.
Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution(解决)staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,name-calling,andaccusationonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirOntheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.
Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategy
forconflictresolution;
listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'
sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.
Finally,studentsneedf.considerwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn'
tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'
swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:
Howdidthisstart?
WhatdoIreallywant?
WhatamIafraidoffAstheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn'
t,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.
Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn'
tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"
64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;
75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;
and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves"
.Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.
50.
Thisarticleismainlyabout
.
A.thelivesofschoolchildren
B.thecauseofargumentsinschools
C.howtoanalyzeyouthviolence
D.howtodealwithschoolconflicts
50.【答案】D
【试题解析】主旨大意题。
根据文章第一段最后一句Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren'
和整体理解,可知答案D符合文意。
【2012全国新课标D】
Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"
Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"
orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:
Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"
andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学