LexisNexis合同法Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Apromiseislegallyenforceablewhereit:
•wasmadeaspartofabargainforvalidconsideration;
•reasonablyinducedthepromiseetorelyonthepromisetohisdetriment;
or
•isdeemedenforceablebyastatutedespitethelackofconsideration.
1.02TypesofContracts
Contractmaybeofthefollowingtypes:
1)Express–anagreementmanifestedbywords
2)Implied-in-fact–anagreementmanifestedbyconduct
3)Implied-in-law("
quasi-contract"
)–notatruecontractbutanobligationimposedbyacourtdespitetheabsenceofapromiseinordertoavoidaninjustice
1.03SourcesofContractLaw
1)CommonLaw–inmostjurisdictions,contractlawisnotcodified,andthustheprimarysourceofgeneralcontractlawiscaselaw.
2)Restatement–writtenbytheAmericanLawInstitutetoprovideguidancetothebenchandbar,theRestatementofContracts(currentlyinthesecondedition)hasnolegalforcebutneverthelessprovideshighlypersuasiveauthority.
3)UniformCommercialCode(UCC)–createdundertheauspicesoftheAmericanLawInstituteandtheNationalConferenceofCommissionersonUniformStateLaws,hasbeenadoptedbyeverystateexceptLouisiana.
ProposedrevisionstoArticle2,governingcontractsforthesaleofgoods,havebeenfinalizedandpresentedtothestatesforenactment.
4)UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)–ratifiedbymanyoftheleadingtradingnationsincludingtheUnitedStatesandChina(butnottheUnitedKingdomandJapan),itgovernsmanytransactionsforthesaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswithplacesofbusinessindifferentnations.
5)UNIDROITPrinciplesofInternationalCommercialContracts–non-bindingauthoritativetextsimilartotheRestatement.
6)UniformComputerTransactionsAct(UCITA)–addressesissuesarisingoutofcomputerlicensingbuthasonlybeenenactedinVirginiaandMaryland.
7)UniformElectronicTransactionsAct(UETA)–adoptedbymoststates,thisactdoesnotaffectbasiccontractdoctrinebutgovernstheuseofelectroniccommunications.
Itappliesto"
transactions,"
definedas"
theconductofbusiness,commercialorgovernmentalaffairs."
Thus,itdoesnotgoverncontractssuchasthosebetweenfamilymembersorwithnon-profitinstitutions.
8)ElectronicSignaturesinGlobalandNationalCommerceAct(E-Sign)–thisfederallawallowsstatestopreemptitbyenactingtheUETA.
1.04ContractsfortheSaleofGoods
[1]ApplicationofUCC
Article2oftheUniformCommercialCodecoversalltransactionsforthesaleofgoodsotherthansecurities(article9)andleases(article2A).
Itappliestoanyparty;
itisnotlimitedtomerchantsalthoughindividualprovisionsmaybe.
[2]"
Goods"
Defined
UndertheUCC,a"
good"
isanytangiblethingthatismoveable.
[UCC§
2-105
(1)]
Inadditiontomanufacturedproducts,"
goods"
include:
•growingcropsortimber,unbornyoungofanimalsandotheridentifiedthingsattachedtoland(otherthanmineralsorthelikeorstructures),regardlessofwhoseversthemfromthelandprovidedthattheycanberemovedwithoutcausingmaterialharmtotheland
•currencyexchangedasacommodity(asopposedtothemediumofpaymentforagood)
•mineralsorthelikeorastructureoritsmaterialstoberemovedfromrealtythataretobeseveredbytheseller
Theterm"
doesnotencompass:
•intangiblerightssuchasintellectualproperty
•investmentsecurities
•moneywhichisthemediumofpaymentforgoods
•mineralsorthelikeorastructureoritsmaterialstoberemovedfromrealtythataretobeseveredbythebuyer
[3]"
Sale"
UCC§
2-106
(1)defines"
sale"
asthetransferoftitleforaprice.
Contractsthatinvolvebothgoodsandservicesmustbeevaluatedtoseewhichconstitutestheprimarypurposeofthecontract,withthesecondarypurposebeingtreatedasincidental.
Iftheprimaryfunctionofthecontractistoprovideaservice,theUCCdoesnotapply,evenifanincidentalsaleofgoodsoccurs.
[4]"
Merchant"
A"
merchant"
isone"
whodealsingoodsofthekindorotherwisebyhisoccupationholdshimselfoutashavingknowledgeorskillparticulartothepracticesorgoodsinvolvedinthetransaction"
orwhoemploysanagentorbrokerinsuchoccupation.
2-104
(1)]
[5]"
GoodFaith"
Everycontractforthesaleofgoodsimposesanobligationofgoodfaithdealingonallpartiesinitsperformanceandenforcement.[UCC§
1-203]
Allparties,includin