LexisNexis合同法Word文档下载推荐.docx

LexisNexis合同法Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Apromiseislegallyenforceablewhereit:

•wasmadeaspartofabargainforvalidconsideration;

•reasonablyinducedthepromiseetorelyonthepromisetohisdetriment;

or

•isdeemedenforceablebyastatutedespitethelackofconsideration.

1.02TypesofContracts

Contractmaybeofthefollowingtypes:

1）Express–anagreementmanifestedbywords

2）Implied-in-fact–anagreementmanifestedbyconduct

3）Implied-in-law（"

quasi-contract"

）–notatruecontractbutanobligationimposedbyacourtdespitetheabsenceofapromiseinordertoavoidaninjustice

1.03SourcesofContractLaw

1）CommonLaw–inmostjurisdictions,contractlawisnotcodified,andthustheprimarysourceofgeneralcontractlawiscaselaw.

2）Restatement–writtenbytheAmericanLawInstitutetoprovideguidancetothebenchandbar,theRestatementofContracts（currentlyinthesecondedition）hasnolegalforcebutneverthelessprovideshighlypersuasiveauthority.

3）UniformCommercialCode（UCC）–createdundertheauspicesoftheAmericanLawInstituteandtheNationalConferenceofCommissionersonUniformStateLaws,hasbeenadoptedbyeverystateexceptLouisiana. 

ProposedrevisionstoArticle2,governingcontractsforthesaleofgoods,havebeenfinalizedandpresentedtothestatesforenactment.

4）UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods（CISG）–ratifiedbymanyoftheleadingtradingnationsincludingtheUnitedStatesandChina（butnottheUnitedKingdomandJapan）,itgovernsmanytransactionsforthesaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswithplacesofbusinessindifferentnations.

5）UNIDROITPrinciplesofInternationalCommercialContracts–non-bindingauthoritativetextsimilartotheRestatement.

6）UniformComputerTransactionsAct（UCITA）–addressesissuesarisingoutofcomputerlicensingbuthasonlybeenenactedinVirginiaandMaryland.

7）UniformElectronicTransactionsAct（UETA）–adoptedbymoststates,thisactdoesnotaffectbasiccontractdoctrinebutgovernstheuseofelectroniccommunications. 

Itappliesto"

transactions,"

definedas"

theconductofbusiness,commercialorgovernmentalaffairs."

Thus,itdoesnotgoverncontractssuchasthosebetweenfamilymembersorwithnon-profitinstitutions.

8）ElectronicSignaturesinGlobalandNationalCommerceAct（E-Sign）–thisfederallawallowsstatestopreemptitbyenactingtheUETA.

1.04ContractsfortheSaleofGoods

[1]ApplicationofUCC

Article2oftheUniformCommercialCodecoversalltransactionsforthesaleofgoodsotherthansecurities（article9）andleases（article2A）. 

Itappliestoanyparty;

itisnotlimitedtomerchantsalthoughindividualprovisionsmaybe.

[2]"

Goods"

Defined

UndertheUCC,a"

good"

isanytangiblethingthatismoveable. 

[UCC§

2-105

（1）] 

Inadditiontomanufacturedproducts,"

goods"

include:

•growingcropsortimber,unbornyoungofanimalsandotheridentifiedthingsattachedtoland（otherthanmineralsorthelikeorstructures）,regardlessofwhoseversthemfromthelandprovidedthattheycanberemovedwithoutcausingmaterialharmtotheland

•currencyexchangedasacommodity（asopposedtothemediumofpaymentforagood）

•mineralsorthelikeorastructureoritsmaterialstoberemovedfromrealtythataretobeseveredbytheseller

Theterm"

doesnotencompass:

•intangiblerightssuchasintellectualproperty

•investmentsecurities

•moneywhichisthemediumofpaymentforgoods

•mineralsorthelikeorastructureoritsmaterialstoberemovedfromrealtythataretobeseveredbythebuyer

[3]"

Sale"

UCC§

2-106

（1）defines"

sale"

asthetransferoftitleforaprice. 

Contractsthatinvolvebothgoodsandservicesmustbeevaluatedtoseewhichconstitutestheprimarypurposeofthecontract,withthesecondarypurposebeingtreatedasincidental. 

Iftheprimaryfunctionofthecontractistoprovideaservice,theUCCdoesnotapply,evenifanincidentalsaleofgoodsoccurs.

[4]"

Merchant"

A"

merchant"

isone"

whodealsingoodsofthekindorotherwisebyhisoccupationholdshimselfoutashavingknowledgeorskillparticulartothepracticesorgoodsinvolvedinthetransaction"

orwhoemploysanagentorbrokerinsuchoccupation. 

2-104

（1）]

[5]"

GoodFaith"

Everycontractforthesaleofgoodsimposesanobligationofgoodfaithdealingonallpartiesinitsperformanceandenforcement.[UCC§

1-203] 

Allparties,includin