accaF4背诵课件已修改教学内容Word文档格式.docx

accaF4背诵课件已修改教学内容Word文档格式.docx

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1.OFFER（anofferisdifinitepromisetobeboundonspecifictermsandmustbedistiguishedfromthemeresupplyofinformationanfromaninvitationtotreat）

Inthelawofcontract,anofferisadefinitepromisetoanothertobeboundonspecificterms.Itiscapableof（能够）acceptancesoastoformabindingcontract.\\\Anoffercanbemadetoanindividual,aclassofpersonsortotheworldatlargeanditcanbeacceptedbytheconductoftheofferee（CarlillvCarbolicSmokeBallCo1893）thesmokeballmustprotecttheuserduringtheperiodofuse-theofferwasnotvague.Suchanofferwaspossible,asitcouldbecomparedtorewardcases.\\\Onceanofferhasbeenaccepted,abindingcontractiscreated.Eitherpartymaylegallyenforcethepromiseoftheother.

Supplyofinformation

Ameresupplyofinformationisnotanoffer,becausethereisnointentiontobebound.Forexample,statingtheminimumpricethatonewouldconsiderifasaleweretobeagreeddoesnotmakeanoffer（HarveyvFacey1893）Thedefendant’stelegramwasmerelyastatementofhisminimumpriceifasaleweretobeagreed.itwasnotanofferwhichtheclaimantcouldaccept.

Statementofintention

Similarly,amerestatementofintentionisnotanofferneither.advertisinganeventsuchasanauctionwilltakeplacedoesnotmakeanoffer.（HarrisvNickerson）.

2.INVITATIONTOTREAT

Aninvitationtotreatisanindicationthatsomeoneispreparedtoreceiveofferswiththeintentiontoformabindingcontract.Thereisnobindingcontractuntilthisofferismadeand,inturn,accepted.

Advertisements

Anadvertisementofgoodsforsaleisusuallyanattempttoinduceoffers（PartridgevCrittenden1968）

Displayofgoodsinashopwindow

ashopkeeperwasprosecutedforofferingforsaleanoffensiveweaponbyexhibitingaflickknifeintheshopwindow.InFishervBell1961,Thedisplayofanarticlewithapriceonitinashopwindowismerelyaninvitationtotreat.Itwasheldthatthiswasnotanofferforsale,butaninvitationtotreat.

Auctionsales（拍卖）

Anauctioneer’srequestforbidisnotanoffertoselltothehighestbidder,butaninvitationtotreat.Thebiditselfisanoffer,whichtheauctioneeristhenfreetoacceptorreject（PaynevCave1789）.

Invitationsfortenders（竞标）

3.ACCEPTANCEOFANOFFER

ACCEPTANCE

Validacceptanceofavalidofferisoneoftheessencialsofacontract\\\

Anacceptancemustbeanunqualified（无条件的）agreementtothetermsoftheoffer.Acceptanceisgenerallynoteffectiveuntilcommunicatedtotheofferor,exceptwherethe‘postalrule’applies.Apurportedacceptancewhichintroducesanynewtermsisacounter-offer,whichhastheeffectofterminatingtheoriginaloffer（HydevWrench1840）.Theoriginalofferof1000hadbeenterminatedbythecounter-offerof950.

Aresponsetoanofferwhichisactuallyarequestforfurtherinformationwillnotformanacceptance.

Acceptance‘subjecttocontract’

Acceptance‘subjecttocontract’meansthattheoffereeisagreeabletothetermsoftheofferbutproposesthatthepartiesshouldnegotiateaformalcontract.Neitherpartyisbounduntiltheformalcontractissigned.

Methodofacceptance

Theacceptanceofanofferismadebyapersonauthorisedtodoso,usuallytheoffereeorhisauthorisedagent.Insomecircumstance（CarlillvCarbolicSmokeBallCo1893）,performanceoftheactrequiredbytheofferoradvertisementconsititutesanacceptacne.Theremustbesomeactonthepartoftheoffereesincepassiveinactionorsilenceisnotcapableofacceptance（FelthosevBindley1862）Theactionfailed.theclaimanthadnotitletothehorse.

Thecommunicationofacceptance

Acceptanceisgenerallynoteffectiveuntilcommunicatedtotheofferor,exceptwherethe‘postalrule’applies,ortheofferorwaivestheneedforcommunication.Theofferormayspecifythesolemeansofcommunication,inwhichcaseonlycompliancewiththeirtermswillsuffice

Postalrule

CommunicationofacceptancebymeansofpostissubjecttothepostalruleestablishedinAdamsvLindsell1818Theacceptancewasmade‘incourseofpost’（notimelimitwasimposed）andwassffectivewhenpostedon5Sep..

Itprovidesthatwheretheuseofthepostiswithinthecontemplation（期望）ofbothparties,andtheletteriscorrectlyaddressedandstampedandputintothepost,theacceptanceiscompleteandeffectiveassoonasaletterisposted,eventhoughitmaybedelayedorevenlostinthepost.

Theintentiontousethepostforcommunicaitonofacceptancemaybededucedfromthecircumstances.

Iftheofferorspecifiesaparticularmeansofcommunication,thepostalrulemaynotapply

4.REVOCATIONOFANOFFER

Theofferormayrevokeorcanceltheofferatanytimebeforeacceptanceunlessbyaseparateopinionagreement,theyagreetokeeptheofferopenforacertain