大学英语精读第5册15课文全文翻译文档格式.docx
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Itmaynotseemmuchconsolationtopointoutthattheteacher,too,becomesfrustratedwhenhiseffortsappeartoproducelessobviousresults.Hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoteach,becausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingtheyhadbeentaughtintopractice,hesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularyandusagewhichfallsoutsidethescopeofbasictextbooks.Heseesthemstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,cliché
dandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.ItishardtoconvincethemthattheyarestillmakingprogresstowardsfluencyandthattheirEnglishiscertaintoimprove,giventimeanddedication.
Insuchcircumstancesitishardlysurprisingthatsomegiveupindisgust,whileothersstillwaithopefullyfortheteachertogivethemthesameconfidentguidancehewasabletoofferthematfirst.Theteacher,forhispart,frequentlyreducedtotryingtoexplaintheinexplicable,maytakerefugeinquotingproverbstohiscolleaguessuchas:
"
Youcanleadahorsetowaterbutyoucan'
tmakehimdrink”or,morerespectfullyiflessgrammatically:
”Itain’twhatyousay,It'
sthewaythatyousayit."
Hisstudentsmightfeelinclinedtocounterthesewith:
ThemoreIlearn,thelessIknow."
Ofcoursethisisnottrue.Whatbothstudentsandteachersareexperiencingistherecognitionthatthemorecomplexstructuresoneencountersinalanguagearenotasvitaltomakingoneselfunderstoodandsohavealessimmediatefieldofapplication.Forthesamereason,fromtheteacher'
spointofview,selectingwhatshouldbetaughtbecomesamoredifficulttask.Itismucheasiertogetfoodofanykindthantochoosethedishyouwouldmostliketoeatonagivendayfromavastmenu.
Definingtheproblemiseasierthanprovidingthesolution.OnecansuggestthatstudentsshouldspendtwoorthreeyearsinanEnglish-speakingcountry,whichamountstowashingone'
shandsofthem.Fewstudentshavethetimeorthemoneytodothat.Itisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthetimeorthemoneytodothat.Itisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthebestalternativecourseofactionbutevenhereitisnecessarytomakesomekindofselection.Itisnousetellingstudentstogotothelibraryandpickupthefirstbooktheycomeacross.Myownadvicetothemwouldbe:
readwhatyoucanunderstandwithouthavingtolookupwordsinadictionary(butnotwhatyoucanunderstandataglance);
readwhatinterestsyou;
readwhatyouhavetimefor(magazinesandnewspapersratherthannovelsunlessyoucanreadthewholenovelinaweekorso);
readtheEnglishwrittentoday,not200yearsago;
readasmuchasyoucanandtrytorememberthewayitwaswrittenratherthanindividualwordsthatpuzzledyou."
Andinsteadof"
read"
Icouldjustaswellsay"
listento."
Myadvicetoteacherswouldbesimilarinaway.Iwouldsay"
It'
snogoodthinkingthatanythingwilldo,orthatalllanguageisuseful.It'
snogoodrelyingonstudentstoexpressthemselveswithouttherighttoolsforexpression.It'
sstillyourdutytochoosethebestpathtofollownearthetopofthemountainjustasitwastoproposeapracticableshort-cutawayfromthebeatentrackinthefoothills.Andifthepathyouchooseistooovergrowntomakefurtherprogress,thewholepartywillhavetogobackandyouwillhavetochooseanotherroute.Youarestillthepaidguideandexpertandthereisawaytothetopsomewhere."
TheFifthFreedom
MorethanthreecenturiesagoahandfulofpioneerscrossedtheoceantJamestownandPlymouthinsearchoffreedomstheywereunabletofindintheirowncountries,thefreedomsofwestillcherishtoday:
freedomfromwant,freedomfromfear,freedomofspeech,freedomofreligion.Todaythedescendantsoftheearlysettlers,andthosewhohavejoinedthemsince,arefightingtoprotectthesefreedomsathomeandthroughouttheworld.
Andyetthereisafifthfreedom-basictothosefour-thatweareindangeroflosing:
thefreedomtobeone'
sbest.St.Exuperydescribesaragged,sensitive-facedArabchild,hauntingthestreetsofaNorthAfricantown,asalostMozart:
hewouldneverbetrainedordeveloped.Washefree?
Noonegraspedyoubytheshoulderwhiletherewasstilltime;
andnoughtwillawakeninyouthesleepingpoetormusicianorastronomerthatpossiblyinhabitedyoufromthebeginning."