美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献Word文档格式.docx

美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献Word文档格式.docx

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美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献@#@美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献@#@（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）@#@ @#@@#@原文：

@#@@#@RuralFinance:

@#@TheAmericanExperience@#@ConstructionoftheruralfinancialsystemtheU.S.Thebasicprincipleistoprovidefinancialsupportforagriculturaldevelopment.Afteryearsofdevelopment,ruralAmericaasawholeformedamulti-level,fullrangeoffinancialinstitutions,throughgovernmentsubsidies,thedevelopmentofruralfinancialsystem,increaseagriculturalproduction,agriculturalloansandvariouschannelssuchassocial,agriculturalfinancingfundstomeettheagriculturalthedevelopmentofavarietyoffinancialneeds,toprovidethefinancialsecurityofagriculturalmodernization.Buildinganewsocialistcountryside,wemustadheretothedevelopmentoftheruraleconomyasthecenter,anddevelopingtheruraleconomycannotdowithoutthesupportofruralfinance.@#@Ruraleconenomicdevelopmentofruralfinanceasthemostimportantelementsofthecapitalallocationsystem,anditsrolemoreandmoreobvious,ruralfinancialXingxingisagriculture,ruralfinanceactivities,theagriculturalactivities.Agriculturaldevelopmentfromtheexperienceofothercountries,bothdevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshaveattachedgreatimportancetoruralfinancialinstitutionbuilding.Insomecountriestheruralfinancialdevelopmentbetter,establishageneralpolicy,includingfinancial,co-financeandruralinsurance,includingcomprehensive,multi-levelfinancialsystem,establishafundtosupportruraldevelopmentcycleoflong-termmechanism,morebettersupporttheruralandagriculturaldevelopment,safeguardingtheinterestsofthemajorityoffarmers.Weareontheruralfinancialsysteminthesecountriesacomparativeanalysisofproposedruralfinancialsystemandimprovethepathselection.@#@@#@Theruralfinancialsystemconstructionrationale@#@Ruralfinancialtheorytotheformationanddevelopment,hasreceivedthemodernfinancialdevelopmenttheoriesandpoliciesofinfluence.Fromdevelopingcountriesofruralfinancialtheoryperspective,thethreemajorgenres:

@#@agriculturalfinancingtheory,ruralfinancialmarkettheoryandrecentincompletecompetitiontheory.@#@Intheearly1980s,beforeagriculturefinancetheorieshavebeenruralfinancialtheoryofmainstream.Thistheoryisbasedonthatofruralresidents,especiallypoorstratanotsavingability,ruralisfacingfundshortageproblem.Andbecausetheagriculturaloutputcharacteristics（incomeuncertainty,investmentlong-termandlowyield,etc.）,agricultureandcannotbeacommercialbank'@#@sinvestmentobject,thismakestheruralfinancialmessup,alargeamountoffundoutflow.Therefore,itisnecessarytoruralperipheralinfusepolicyfund,andestablishnon-profitprofessionalfinancialinstitutionstocapitalallocation.However,thisover-relianceonexternalfundingofruralfinancialpolicyhassparkedfunds,thelowefficiencyofthelowreturnaseriesofcontradictions,inadditiontotheruralfinancialmarketmechanismofneglect,causeruralfinancialcycledevelopmentthelong-termmechanismofdifficulttobuild.@#@Inthe1980s,theruralfinancialmarkettheorygraduallyreplacedagriculturalcreditsubsidiestheory.Itsmaintheories,thelackofruralfinancialcapital,notbecausefarmersnotsavingability,butduetotheruralfinancialsystemunreasonablefinancialarrangements（suchasgovernmentregulation,interestratecontrol,etc.）,curbitsdevelopment.Itspoliciesare:

@#@toplayaroleinfinancialmarkets,andreducegovernmentintervention,realizeinterestratemarketization,achievingruralsavingsandcapitalsupplyanddemandthebalance,Cancelspecialspecifictargetloansystem,theappropriatedevelopmentofnon-formalfinancemarket,etc.@#@Sincethe1990s,againappearedimperfectcompetitionmarkettheory.Thistheoryismainly,andthemarketmechanismisnoteverything,forstablefinancialmarketforreasonablegovernmentinterventionisnecessary.ImperfectcompetitionmarketistherepresentativefigureofSiDiGeLiCithatbecauseoftheexistenceofmarketfailurefactors,thegovernmentinruralfinancialmarketaveryimportantrole,butthegovernmentalsocannotreplacemarket,butshouldbecomethebeneficialsupplementofthemarket.Thegovernmentoffinancialmarketsupervisionshouldadoptindirectcontrolmechanism,andaccordingtocertainprincipleestablishregulatoryscopeandstandards.Ruralfinancialmarketisnotacompletelycompetitivemarket,especiallytheloanparty（financialinstitutions）totheborrower'@#@ssituationcan'@#@tfullygraspthe,plusruralspecialcases,financialinstitutionstocontrolruralsystemrisk,iffullyinaccordancewithmarketmechanismmightnotbeabletocultivatearuralsocialneededfinancialmarket,therefore,itisnecessarytoadoptappropriatefinancialmarkets,suchasgovernmentinterventionandtheborrower'@#@sorganizati