英语演讲选修课教案informativespeech Idoc资料Word格式文档下载.docx
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理论课□实验课□习题课□实践课□技能课□其它□
主要教学内容(注明:
*重点#难点):
InformativespeechI:
supportingmaterials
I.Examples
*Tipsforusingexamples
II.Testimony
*TipsforUsingtestimony
III.Statistics
Tipsforusingstatistics
Iv.#Samplespeechwithcommentary
教学目的要求:
Getstudentstoknowhowtouseexamples,testimonyandstatisticseffectivelytobackupthespeech.
教学方法和教学手段:
Teaching;
ppt
讨论、思考题、作业:
Whatarethefourtipsforusingexamplesinyourspeech?
Explainthedifferencebetweenexperttestimonyandpeertestimony.
参考资料:
Theartofpublicspeaking
Beagreatspeechmaker
注:
教案附后
Lesson9InformativespeechI
Supportingyourideas
HeatherKolpindecidedtogiveherfirstclassroomspeechonthebenefitsofgoodnutrition.Adedicatedfitnessenthusiast,shehadrecentlyswitchedtoahigh-proteindiet.Partofherspeechranlikethis:
“Foryearswe’vebeentoldthatmeat,eggs,andcheesearebadforusandthatweshouldeatmorecarbohydrateslikecereal,grains,pasta,andrice.Buttoomanycarbohydratescanunbalancethebodyandmakeyoutiredandoverweight.Doyouwantmoreenergy?
Doyouwanttoconcentratebetterandgethighergrades?
Doyouwanttoenjoyrealmealsandstilllosethoseunsightlypounds?
Ifso,youshouldeatmoreprotein.I’vebeenonahigh-proteindietforsixmonths,andI’veneverfeltbetterordonebetterinmyclasses!
”
Afterthespeech,Heather’sclassmateswereinterestedbutskeptical.Asoneremarked,“Iknowhigh-proteindietsarepopularrightnow,butHeatherisnoexpertonnutrition.Besides,therearelotsofdietsaround,andtheyallclaimtoworkwonders.Personally,I’dbemoreconvincedifHeathergavesomescientificevidencetobackupheropinion.”
Goodspeechesarenotcomposedofhotairandgeneralizations.Theyneedstrongsupportingmaterialstobolsterthespeaker’spointofview.InHeather’scase,althoughthereisplentyofevidenceontheneedtobalanceproteinandcarbohydrateconsumption,manynutritionistshavewarnedaboutthedangersofoverloadingonprotein.SoHeather’slistenerswererighttobeskeptical.Heathermadeamistakeofgeneralizingfromherownexperiencewithnothingconcretetosupportherideas.
Theproblemwithgeneralizationsisthattheydonotanswerthethreequestionslistenersalwaysmentallyaskofaspeaker:
“Whatdoyoumean?
”,“WhyshouldIbelieveyou?
”“Sowhat?
Theskillfuluseofsupportingmaterialsoftenmakesthedifferencebetweenapoorspeechandagoodone.Usingsupportingmaterialsisnotamatteroftossingfactsandfiguresintoyourspeech.Youmustdecidewhichideasneedtobesupportedgivenyouraudience,topic,andspecificpurposes.Youmustdoresearchtofindmaterialsthatwillbringyourideasacrossclearlyandcreatively.Andyoumustevaluateyoursupportingmaterialstomakesuretheyreallydobackupyourideas.
Asyouputyourspeechestogether,youwillneedtomakesureyoursupportingmaterialsareaccurate,relevant,andreliable.Youwillfindyourselfaskingsuchquestionsas,“Aremyexamplesrepresentative?
”,“AmIquotingreputable,qualifiedsources?
Therearethreekindsofsupportingmaterialsweusemostoften,theyare:
examples,testimonyandstatistics
I.Examples
Examples:
aspecificcaseusedtoillustrateortorepresentagroupofpeople,ideas,conditions,experiencesorthelike.
Inthecourseofaspeechyoumayusebriefexamples—specificinstancesreferredtoinpassing—andsometimesyoumaywanttogiveseveralbriefexamplesinarowtocreateastrongerimpression.Extendedexamples—oftencalledillustrations,narratives,oranecdotes—arelongerandmoredetailed.
Examplesareusefulwhenyouwishtomakeanabstractconceptorideaconcrete.Forexample,itisdifficultfortheaudiencetoseeexactlywhatyoumeanbysuchabstractconceptsaspersecution,denialoffreedom,friendship,andloveunlessyouprovidespecificexamplesofwhatyoumean.
Hereisoneexampleastudentusedinaspeechaboutleadpoison.
‘WhenDeniseWaddleandherfamilymovedtoanice,middle-classsectionofJerseyCity,NewJersey,theyhaddreamsofhealthyliving,blockparties,evenabigbackyardsotheirkidcouldmakemudpies.Inlessthanoneyearintheirnewhome,theirtwo-year-oldsonhadbeenpoisoned,andtheirnewbornshowedhighlevelsofpoisoninginhisbloodstream.Unknowingly,theWaddle’shadbeenpoisonedbytheirownbackyard,forhighlevelsofleadcontaminatedtheirwaterandtheirlives.”
Examplesmayberealandfactualononehandorhypotheticalandimaginedontheother.Thehypotheticalandimaginedonesarecalledhypotheticalexamples.
Hypotheticalexample:
anexamplethatdescribesanimageryorfictitioussituation
Hereisonestudentusedahypotheticalexampletoillustra