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March2018
DOI:
10.1016/pbiomed.2018.03.016
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ANOVELWAVELETSEQUENCESBASEDONDEEPBIDIRECTIONALLSTMNETWORKMODELFORECGSIGNALCLASSIFICATION
Ö
zalYILDIRIM(*correspondingauthor)
1ComputerEngineeringDepartment,EngineeringFaculty,MunzurUniversity,Tunceli,Turkey
*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:
+90-428-2131794;
fax:
+90-428-2131861.
E-mailaddress:
oyildirim@munzur.edu.tr,yildirimozal@
29
ANovelWaveletSequencesBasedonDeepBidirectionalLSTMNetworkModelforECGSignalClassification
zalYILDIRIM
ComputerEngineeringDepartment,MunzurUniversity,Tunceli,Turkey
oyildirim@munzur.edu.tr,yildirimozal@
Abstract
Long-shorttermmemorynetworks(LSTMs),whichhaverecentlyemergedinsequentialdataanalysis,arethemostwidelyusedtypeofrecurrentneuralnetworks(RNNs)architecture.Progressonthetopicofdeeplearningincludessuccessfuladaptationsofdeepversionsofthesearchitectures.Inthisstudy,anewmodelfordeepbidirectionalLSTMnetwork-basedwaveletsequencescalledDBLSTM-WSwasproposedforclassifyingelectrocardiogram(ECG)signals.Forthispurpose,anewwavelet-basedlayerisimplementedtogenerateECGsignalsequences.TheECGsignalsweredecomposedintofrequencysub-bandsatdifferentscalesinthislayer.Thesesub-bandsareusedassequencesfortheinputofLSTMnetworks.Newnetworkmodelsthatincludeunidirectional(ULSTM)andbidirectional(BLSTM)structuresaredesignedforperformancecomparisons.ExperimentalstudieshavebeenperformedforfivedifferenttypesofheartbeatsobtainedfromtheMIT-BIHarrhythmiadatabase.ThesefivetypesareNormalSinusRhythm(NSR),VentricularPrematureContraction(VPC),PacedBeat(PB),LeftBundleBranchBlock(LBBB),andRightBundleBranchBlock(RBBB).TheresultsshowthattheDBLSTM-WSmodelgivesahighrecognitionperformanceof99.39%.Ithasbeenobservedthatthewavelet-basedlayerproposedinthestudysignificantlyimprovestherecognitionperformanceofconventionalnetworks.Thisproposednetworkstructureisanimportantapproachthatcanbeappliedtothesimilarsignalprocessingproblems.
Keywords:
Long-ShortTermMemory,RecurrentNeuralNetworks,DeepLearning,ECGsignals.
1.Introduction
Improvementsinthefieldofmachinelearninghaveallowedforthedevelopmentofcomputer-basedintelligentdecisionsupportsystemsandtheirimplementationmoreefficientlyinmanyareas.Thedevelopmentofintelligentsystemsinthehealthfieldisattractiveintermsoftheamountofdataandtheimportanceofthedataitcontains.Researchersindifferentdisciplines,specificallyintermsofapplications,frequentlystudybiomedicaldata,includingimageandsignaldata.Electrocardiogram(ECG)signalsareoneofthemostfrequentlystudieddata.ECGsignalsincludeinformationaboutheartfunctionandheartconditions.Therefore,monitoringandrecognitionofECGsignalsisaremarkabletopicinthebiomedicalfield[1].
StudiesperformedonECGsignalsaregenerallyexaminedintwoparts:
detectionandclassification.StudiesondetectionconcentrateontheproblemofdeterminingheartbeatwithintheECGdataobtainedforacertainperiodoftime.Thesedetectedbeatsaremarkedintheraw
dataforanalysis.Itisanareaparticularlyemphasizedforthedevelopmentofwearablebiomedicalmonitoringsystems[2,3].Threshold-basedmethods[4],digitalfilter-basedmethods[5,6],andwavelettransform(WT)[7-10]havebeenappliedinheartbeatdetectionscenarios.
TheclassificationofdetectedECGsignalsisanotherimportantstep.Atthisstage,automaticidentificationofsegmentedheartbeatsignalsisprovided.Therearegenerallyseveralstepsforclassification.Sincedirectclassifierexecutiononsegmentedsignalsisnotefficientintermsofperformance,thedistinguishingfeaturesofthesesignalsarehand-craftedandusedasinputdata.WavelettransformisoneofthecommonlyusedmethodstoobtainECGsignalfeatures[11-15].ByusingsomestatisticalmethodssuchasPrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA)andLinearDiscriminantAnalysis(LDA)onthesecoefficient