曼昆经济学原理Chapter-13优质PPT.ppt

曼昆经济学原理Chapter-13优质PPT.ppt

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TheCostsofProduction,1,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,KeyConceptsontheProducer,TotalrevenueAmountafirmreceivesforthesaleofitsoutputTotalcostMarketvalueoftheinputsafirmusesinproductionProfitTotalrevenueminustotalcost,2,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,WhatareCosts?

@#@,CostsasopportunitycostsThecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetitFirmscostofproductionIncludealltheopportunitycostsofproducingitsoutputofgoodsorservicesExplicitcostsImplicitcosts,3,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,WhatareCosts?

@#@,ExplicitcostsInputcoststhatrequireanoutlayofmoneybythefirmImplicitcostsInputcoststhatdonotrequireanoutlayofmoneybythefirmIgnoredbyaccountantsTotalcosts=Explicitcosts+Implicitcosts,4,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,WhatareCosts?

@#@,ThecostofcapitalasanopportunitycostKeyexampleofImplicitcost:

@#@OpportunitycostoffinancialcapitalinvestedinthebusinessInterestincomenotearnedonfinancialcapitalSavingvs.InvestedinbusinessNotshownascostbyanaccountant,5,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,WhatareCosts?

@#@,EconomicprofitTotalrevenueminustotalcostTotalcostsincludesbothexplicitandimplicitcostsAccountingprofitTotalrevenueminustotalexplicitcost,6,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,Figure1,7,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,EconomistsversusAccountants,Economistsincludeallopportunitycostswhenanalyzingafirm,whereasaccountantsmeasureonlyexplicitcosts.Therefore,economicprofitissmallerthanaccountingprofit.,ProductionandCosts,ProductionfunctionRelationshipbetweenquantityofinputsusedtomakeagoodandthequantityofoutputofthatgoodMarginalproductIncreaseinoutputthatarisesfromanadditionalunitofaninput（assumeotherinputsarefixed）CapturedbytheslopeoftheproductionfunctionDiminishingmarginalproductMarginalproductofaninputdeclinesasthequantityoftheinputincreasesAsproductionrises,productionfunctiongetsflatter,8,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,Table1,9,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,AProductionFunctionandTotalCost:

@#@CarolinesCookieFactory,ProductionandCosts,Total-costcurveRelationshipbetweenquantityproducedandtotalcostsGetssteeperasthequantityproducedrisesResultsfromthediminishingmarginalproductTotal-costcurveandproductionfunctioncurvehascloserelationseachotherAlso,marginalcostandmarginalproducthavecloserelationseachother,10,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,Figure2,11,2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.,（a）Productionfunction,