吉林大学计算机导论复习重点Word格式文档下载.doc

吉林大学计算机导论复习重点Word格式文档下载.doc

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1.Howiscomputersciencedefinedinthisbook?

A：

Issuesrelatedtothecomputer.

2.Whatmodelisthebasisfortoday’scomputers?

（Knowledgepoint1.2）

ThevonNeumannmodel.

3.Whyshouldn’tyoucallacomputeradataprocessor?

（Knowledgepoint1.1）

Computerisgeneral-purposemachine.itcandomanydifferenttypesoftasks.

4.Whatdoesaprogrammabledataprocessorrequiretoproduceoutputdata?

Theinputdataandtheprogram.

5.WhatarethesubsystemsofthevonNeumanncomputermodel?

Memory,arithmeticlogicunit,controlunit,andinput/output.

6.WhatisthefunctionofthememorysubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?

Memoryisthestoragearea.Itiswhereprogramsanddataarestoredduringprocessing.

7.WhatisthefunctionoftheALUsubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?

ALUiswherecalculationandlogicaloperationstakeplace.

8.WhatisthefunctionofthecontrolunitsubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?

Itcontrolstheoperationsofthememory,ALU,andtheinput/outputsubsystem.

9.Whatisthefunctionoftheinput/outputsubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?

Theinputsubsystemacceptsinputdataandtheprogramfromoutsidethecomputer;

theoutputsubsystemsendstheresultofprocessingtotheoutside.

10.CompareandcontrastthememorycontentsofearlycomputerswiththememorycontentsofacomputerbasedonthevonNeumannmodel?

ComputerbasedonthevonNeumannmodelstoresboththeprogramanditscorrespondingdatainthememory.Earlycomputersonlystoredthedatainthememory.

11.HowdidthevonNeumannmodelchangetheconceptofprogramming?

AprograminthevonNeumannmodelismadeofafinitenumberofinstructions.Theinstructionsareexecutedoneafteranother.

12.Thefirstelectronicspecial-purposecomputerwascalledc（Knowledgepoint1.4）

a.Pascalb.Pascalinec.ABCd.EDVAC

13.OneofthefirstcomputersbasedonthevonNeumannmodelwascalledd（Knowledgepoint1.4）

14.Thefirstcomputingmachinetousetheideaofstorageandprogrammingwascalledd（Knowledgepoint1.4）

a.theMadelineb.EDVACc.theBabbagemachined.theJacquardloom

15.dseparatedtheprogrammingtaskfromthecomputeroperationtasks.（Knowledgepoint1.3）

a.Algorithmsb.Dataprocessorsc.High-levelprogramminglanguagesd.Operatingsystems

30.AccordingtothevonNeumannmodel,cantheharddiskoftodaybeusedasinputoroutput?

Explain.（Knowledgepoint1.2）

Yes.Whentheharddiskstoresdatathatresultsfromprocessing,itisconsideredanoutputdevice;

whenyoureaddatafromtheharddisk,itisconsideredaninputdevice.

32.Whichismoreexpensivetoday,hardwareorsoftware?

（Knowledgepoint1.3）

Software.

Chapter2DataRepresentation

2.1DataTypes.

2.2DatainsidetheComputer.

2.3RepresentingData.

2.4HexadecimalandOctalnotation.

1.Namefivetypesofdatathatacomputercanprocess.（Knowledgepoint2.1）

Numbers,text,images,audio,andvideo.

2.Howdoesacomputerdealwithallthedatatypesitmustprocess?

（Knowledgepoint2.2）

Alldatatypesaretransformedintobitpattern.

3.

4.WhatisthedifferencebetweenASCIIandextendedASCII?

（Knowledgepoint2.3）

ASCIIisabitpatternmadeof7bitsandextendedASCIIisabitpatternmadeof8bits.

5.WhatisEBCDIC?

ExtendedBinaryCodedDecimalInterchangeCode.

6.Howisbitpatternlengthrelatedtothenumberofsymbolsthebitpatterncanrepresent?

Therelationshipislogarithmic.

7.

8.

9.Whatstepsareneededtoconvertaudiodatatobitpatterns?

Sampling,Quantization,andCoding.

10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenimagedataandvideodata?

Videoisarepresentationofimagesintime.

34.Acompanyhasdecidedtoassignauniquebitpatterntoeachemployee.Ifthecompanyhas900employees,whatistheminimumnumberofbitsneededtocreatethissystemofrepresentation?

Howmanypatternsareunassigned?

Ifthecompanyhiresanother300employees,shoulditincreasethenumberofbits?

Explainyouranswer.（Knowledgepoint2.3）

log2900≈10,

210-900=124,

Yes,900+300>

210

Chapter3NumberRepresentation

3.1Convertanumberfromdecimal,hexadecimal,andoctaltobinarynotationandviceversa.

3.2Integerrepres