外文文献—MySQL数据库Word文档格式.docx
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DevelopmenttoolsintroductionMySQL
SimpleIntroduction
TheMySQLdatabasehasbecometheworld'
smostpopularopensourcedatabasebecauseofitshighperformance,highreliabilityandeaseofuse.ItisalsothedatabaseofchoiceforanewgenerationofapplicationsbuiltontheLAMPstackLinux,Apache,MySQL,PHP/Perl/Python.Manyoftheworld'
slargestandfastest-growingorganizationsincludingFacebook,Google,Adobe,AlcatelLucentandZapposrelyonMySQLtosavetimeandmoneypoweringtheirhigh-volumeWebsites,business-criticalsystemsandpackagedsoftware.
MySQLrunsonmorethan20platformsincludingLinux,Windows,MacOS,Solaris,IBMAIX,givingyouthekindofflexibilitythatputsyouincontrol.Whetheryou'
renewtodatabasetechnologyoranexperienceddeveloperorDBA,MySQLoffersacomprehensiverangeofdatabasetools,support,trainingandconsultingservicestomakeyousuccessful.
2.JavaandtheInternet
IfJavais,infact,yetanothercomputerprogramminglanguage,youmayquestionwhyitissoimportantandwhyitisbeingpromotedasarevolutionarystepincomputerprogramming.Theanswerisn’timmediatelyobviousifyou’recomingfromatraditionalprogrammingperspective.AlthoughJavaisveryusefulforsolvingtraditionalstand-aloneprogrammingproblems,itisalsoimportantbecauseitwillsolveprogrammingproblemsontheWorldWideWeb.
2.1Client-sideprogramming
TheWeb’sinitialserver-browserdesignprovidedforinteractivecontent,buttheinteractivitywascompletelyprovidedbytheserver.Theserverproducedstaticpagesfortheclientbrowser,whichwouldsimplyinterpretanddisplaythem.BasicHTMLcontainssimplemechanismsfordatagathering:
text-entryboxes,checkboxes,radioboxes,listsanddrop-downlists,aswellasabuttonthatcanonlybeprogrammedtoresetthedataontheformor“submit”thedataontheformbacktotheserver.ThissubmissionpassesthroughtheCommonGatewayInterfaceCGIprovidedonallWebservers.ThetextwithinthesubmissiontellsCGIwhattodowithit.Themostcommonactionistorunaprogramlocatedontheserverinadirectorythat’stypically
called“cgi-bin.”IfyouwatchtheaddresswindowatthetopofyourbrowserwhenyoupushabuttononaWebpage,youcansometimessee“cgi-bin”withinallthegobbledygookthere.Theseprogramscanbewritteninmostlanguages.Perlisacommonchoicebecauseitisdesignedfortextmanipulationandisinterpreted,soitcanbeinstalledonanyserverregardlessofprocessororoperatingsystem.
ManypowerfulWebsitestodayarebuiltstrictlyonCGI,andyoucaninfactdonearlyanythingwithit.However,WebsitesbuiltonCGIprogramscanrapidlybecomeoverlycomplicatedtomaintain,andthereisalsotheproblemofresponsetime.TheresponseofaCGIprogramdependsonhowmuchdatamustbesent,aswellastheloadonboththeserverandtheInternet.Ontopofthis,startingaCGIprogramtendstobeslow.TheinitialdesignersoftheWebdidnotforeseehowrapidlythisbandwidthwouldbeexhaustedforthekindsofapplicationspeopledeveloped.Forexample,anysortofdynamicgraphingisnearlyimpossibletoperformwithconsistencybecauseaGIFfilemustbecreatedandmovedfromtheservertotheclientforeachversionofthegraph.Andyou’venodoubthaddirectexperiencewithsomethingassimpleasvalidatingthedataonaninputform.Youpressthesubmitbuttononapage;
thedataisshippedbacktotheserver;
theserverstartsaCGIprogramthatdiscoversanerror,formatsanHTMLpageinformingyouoftheerror,andthensendsthepagebacktoyou;
youmustthenbackupapageandtryagain.Notonlyisthisslow,it’sinelegant.
Thesolutionisclient-sideprogramming.MostmachinesthatrunWebbrowsersarepowerful
enginescapableofdoingvastwork,andwiththeoriginalstaticHTMLapproachtheyaresittingthere,justidlywaitingfortheservertodishupthenextpage.Client-sideprogrammingmeansthattheWebbrowserisharnessedtodowhateverworkitcan,andtheresultfortheuserisamuchspeedierandmoreinteractiveexperienceatyourWebsite.
Theproblemwithdiscussionsofclient-sideprogrammingisthattheyaren’tverydifferentfromdiscussionsofprogrammingingeneral.Theparametersarealmostthesame,buttheplatformisdifferent:
aWebbrowserislikealimitedoperatingsystem.Intheend,youmuststillprogram,andthisaccountsforthedizzyingarrayofproblemsandsolutionsproducedbyclient-sideprogramming.Therestofthissectionprovidesanoverviewoftheissuesandapproachesinclient-sideprogramming.
2.2Plug-ins
Oneofthemostsignificantstepsforwardinclient-sideprogrammingisthedevelopmentoftheplug-in.Thisisawayforaprogrammertoaddnewfunctionalitytothebrowserbydownloadingapieceofcodethatplugsitselfint