The damned human race英文教案Word下载.docx

The damned human race英文教案Word下载.docx

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I.Pre-Reading

1.CommentontheQuotationsonhuman

²

IsometimesthinkthatGodincreatingmansomewhatoverestimatedHisability. —OscarWild

Men!

Theonlyanimalintheworldtofear. —D.H.Lawrence

Weareperversecreaturesandneversatisfied. —NanFairbrother

Suchisthehumanrace,oftenitseemsapitythatNoah...didn'

tmisstheboat. —MarkTwain

Man—acreaturemadeattheendoftheweek'

sworkwhenGodwastired. —MarkTwain

Discussion:

whatisyourview?

1）Whatisyourunderstandingofhumannature?

2）Haveyoufoundanydefect?

Ornothingnegativeatall?

3）Pleasenamethreemajordefectsofhumannature.

2.Backgroundknowledge

1）Abouttheauthor BillBuford（1950-）

MarkTwain（1835---1910）wasbornSamuelLanghorneClementsinFlorida,Missouri,butlivedasachildinHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.

HetookthepennameMarkTwainfromthecallofthepilotsontheriversteamers,whichindicatedthatthewaterwastwelvefeetdeep,asafedepthforasteamer.

Duringhisearlyyears,heworkedasariverboatpilot,newspaperreporter,printer,andgoldprospector.Butthenheturnedtowriting,andbecameoneofthegreatestofAmericanwriters.

Hismasterpiece:

nInnocentsAbroad 1869

nTheAdventuresofTomSawyer 1876

nTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn 1885

nLifeontheMississippi 1883

nThePrinceandthePauper 1882

Hiswritingstyle:

nhilariouslyhumorous

nbitterlysatirical

2）Aboutthetext

Theauthorwritesaboutuglyhumantraitsanddispositions.Inhisopinion,humanbeingsarenotascendedfromtheloweranimalsbutdescendedfromthehigheranimals.

3）Culturalbackground

a）PlainsBison美洲或欧洲的野牛

•OriginatinginEurasia（欧亚大陆）butmigratingtoNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringlandbridgeduringprehistorictimes,theythrivedontheGreatPlains,untilthearrivalofwhitesettlersdrovethemto

thebrinkofextinction.

•AlthoughtheyoncerangedacrosstheGreatPlainsfromMexicotoCanada,withnumbersestimatedat60million,todaytheyexistprimarilyongamereservesandranches（大牧场）,withestimatednumbersof200,000.

b）BuffaloChasewithBowsandLances（长矛）

•HorsemenpursuebuffaloontheGreatPlainsinBuffaloChasewithBowsandLances（长矛）.

•Huntersfirstisolatedabuffalobyridingbetweenitandtherestoftheherd;

then,ridingatfullspeedalongsidetheanimal,theyshotitwithabowandarroworalance.Later,firearmswereused.

c）ThePeerage（贵族阶级）

•Thecollectivenounforpeers,menandwomenwhoserankisequaltonobilityandaristocracy.IntheUnitedKingdom,thepeeragecompriseshereditarypeers（世袭贵族）andlifepeers（终身贵族）.Bothmaleandfemalepeersreceivethesamerights.

•IntheUnitedKingdom,hereditarypeersareknownbyanumberoftitles,whichrankthemintermsofimportance.

•Mostimportantare24dukes.Nextinrankarethe35marquises.Earls,thelevelbelow,therearearound200intheUKintotal.Thefemaleequivalentofanearlisacountess.Thereare120orsoviscounts,andthenearly500baronsorbaronesses.

•Lifepeers,calledbaronorbaroness,totalapproximately500.Alifepeerhasalltherightsofanhereditarypeer,butheorshecannotpassonthetitletohisorherheirs.

duke公爵；

marquis侯爵；

earl:

伯爵

viscount子爵；

baron男爵

•TheUnitedKingdomistheonlycountrythathasanUpperHousecomprisingthearistocracy.Originallyvestedwithagreatdealofpower,in

termsofland,money,andfollowers,thepeerswouldbesummonedtositintheHouseofLords.Thus,theprincipleofthefewrepresentingthemanyevolved.TheoriginalUpperHousesatintheParliamentHouseinthePalaceofWestminster.

•TodaytheUnitedKingdomistheonlycountryinEuropewhoseUpperHouseisstillcomposedofunelectedpeers.Membersofthearistocracyormembersoftheoldnoblefamiliesstillactinanadvisorycapacitytothemonarch.

d）Anaconda（水蟒）

•Anaconda,commonnameforlargeSouthAmericansnakes.Anacondasareamongthelargestandmostpowerfulsnakesintheworld.

•Alargeadultmaybe6mlongandweigh107kg.Anacondaskilltheirpreybyconstrictionorsqueezing.

•ThecommonanacondainhabitstheriversystemsofnorthernandAmazonianSouthAmericaeastoftheAndes（安第斯山脉）.Femaleanacondasgivebirthtolivingyoung.

e）Darwiniantheory

•DarwinismoriginallyincludedthebroadconceptsoftransmutationofspeciesorofevolutionwhichgainedgeneralscientificacceptancewhenCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpecies,includingconceptswhichpredatedDarwin'

stheories,butsubsequentlyreferredtospecific

conceptsofn