Final Outline for Torts - NYU School of LawWord格式.docx

Final Outline for Torts - NYU School of LawWord格式.docx

《Final Outline for Torts - NYU School of LawWord格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Final Outline for Torts - NYU School of LawWord格式.docx（34页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

PLterms.Butherewedon’trequiresomeonetoact.

-Comesfromthedifferencebetweennonfeasanceandmisfeasance.Classically,nonfeasancewasnotrecognizedasaduty（protectiononphysicalautonomy）.

-Don’twanttoputpeopleinasituationwheredoingnothingmadethemliable.

-Exceptionstothenodutytoactrule:

-Specialrelationships:

whendefendanthascustodyovertheplaintiffwhoisnotinapositiontoprotecthimself.

-NoargumentthatIammybrother’skeeper.

-Nodutyforneighbortoletyouusehispooltosaveyourburninghouse.

-Generallywhenthedefendantisinpositiontomakemoney.

-InFarwellv.Keaton,courtsaidtheywerecompanionsonasocialadventure,butthat’snotreallyaspecialrelationship.

-Commoncarriers,innkeepers,possessorsofpubliclandallhavespecialrelationshipswithpeopleintheircustody.

-SpecialknowledgeofdangerisNOTenoughifthereisnospecialrelationship（Harperv.Herman–boatdiver.Maybewouldhavebeenadutyifitwasakidwithnoparentorifhechargedfortheboattours–butindicatemoreofaspecialrelationship）

-Creatingrisk:

Onewhohasdoneanactandrealizesthatithascreatedanunreasonableriskofharmisunderadutytostopthatharmfromoccurring

-Courtsaidtherewasadutyforagascompanytowarnofdangersitknewaboutevenifitwasn’tbecauseofamistakebythecompany

-Nodutyforamanwhonoticedatreesrootswereloosetotelltheownersoftheproperty.（thesearebothnotecases）

-Onceyoustarttoact:

Afteryoustartacting,youwenolongerareworriedaboutyouautonomy.Restatementsaysyoucan’tdiscontinuecareforsomeoneinperil.

-Thisdoesn’tmeanifyoustopcare,thenyouareliable.Ifyoustopcarebecauseyouwerescaredforyourlife,thequestioniswhetherthatwasreasonableunderabreachstandard.

-Farwellv.Keaton–affirmativedutytoavoidactsthatmakethesituationworse（suchashere,drivingaroundforhoursandthenleavinghiminfrontofhisparents’place）.Dutytocontinueacting

-34-

isanextensionofthis—ifyoustartedtoact,youprobablylefthiminaworsepositionbecausenooneelsecouldintervene.

-Ifthereisreallynoworseningofpositionaftertheintervention,thencourtsaresplitonhowtodecide.

-Incentives:

morelikelytostartquestionablerescuesifnodutylateron,butmorelikelytoquitearlytoo（butpeopledon’treallythinkaboutthis.

-ManystateshaveagoodSamaritanrulethatsaysadoctorwhotriestodelivercareingoodfaithwillnotbeliable.

-Promisethatleadstoharm:

Eventhoughtherewasnodutybeforethepromise,afterthepromise,thereisadutyiftheplaintiffcanshowreliance.

-Morganv.YubaCounty–Sheriffwhotoldwomanhewouldletherknowwhentheyreleasedamanshethoughtwouldkillherhadadutytoactuallydothat.

-Importantthatshereliedonthepromise.

-Nogeneraldutytowarn–seemslikeanobviousextensionofnoaffirmativedutytoact,exceptthatthecostofwarningissolow.

-Exceptions:

-Dutywhenthereisapromisemade,i.e.,ifthepromisewouldimplythatnothingwaswrongandsomethingwaswrong.（RandiW.）

-Notjustharmtothepersonpromised.InRandiW.v.MurocJointUnifiedSchoolDistrict.Fourschooldistrictsrecommendedteacherwhohadabusedstudents.

-Notecaselookedattherelationshipbetweentheparties,thenatureoftherisk,foreseeability,consequencesorimposingadutyandoverallpublicinterest

-Obviouslycasesthatdon’tinvolveabusedchildrenwouldhaveahigherstandardbecauseoflasttwofactors.

-Doctors:

Psychiatristshaveadutytowarnthepotentialvictimofharm.（Tarasoff）

-InTarasoff,theysaythereisaspecialrelationshipwiththepersoncreatingtheharm.

-Weighthepublicpolicyinterestofeffectivetherapy

againstthepublicinterestinsafety.

-Didnotextendtosuicidevictimbecausethepublicsafetyinterestisless.

-Doesnotextendtosomeonetellingthebartenderhewillkillsomeone.Lessofapublicpolicyinterestineffectivetherapy,butlessofaspecialrelationship

-CourtssplitonwhetherdoctorshavedutytotellfamilymembersifsomeonehasHIVorothercontagiousdisease.（considerthepublicpolicyinterestofprivacywithpublicsafetyinterest）

-Dutytoreportchildabuseifitisknown,andsomestatessayyouhaveadutytoreportacrime.

-Iftherewouldn’tbeadutywithoutastatute–thenyouhavetolookatthestatutetoseeifthereisaprivatecauseofacti