外文文献翻译空气能热泵热水器2018Word格式文档下载.docx
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文献出处:
EnergyandBuildings,2018,
165(15):
141-149
译文字数:
3000多字
原文
Experimentalandsimulationstudiesonairsourceheatpumpwaterheaterforyear-roundapplicationsinCanada
AfarinAmirirad,RakeshKumar,Alan
Fung,Wey
Leong
Abstract
TheperformanceofanewtypeofAirSourceHeatPumpWaterHeater(ASHPWH)hasbeeninvestigated.ASHPWHhasabetterperformancethantheconventionalelectricwaterheaterifitisinstalledinahotterclimate.However,theconditionsaredifferentinCanada,whereoutsideairtemperatureiswellbelowthefreezingpointforseveralmonths,andthatdiminishesthewaterheatingcapacityofthesesystemssignificantly.Ontheotherhand,ifitisinstalledintheindoorspace(whichisthecaseofthisresearch),thepresenceofthesysteminthehouseaffectsthehouseheatingandcoolingloads.Therefore,anunderstandingofenergyperformanceofthistypeswaterheatersiscriticaltojustifytheiruseintheCanadianhouses.Theresearchmethodologyinvolved,installationoftheASHPWHunitinanArchetypeSustainableHouse(ASH),reconfigurationofsomepartsofhouseplumbingsystem,buildsensorsanddataacquisitionsystemtocollectreal-timeexperimentaldata,developedandvalidatedTRNSYSmodels.Furthermore,thevalidatedmodelswereappliedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftheunittomeettheyear-roundhotwaterdemandandestablisheditssignificancewithrespecttotheconventionalelectricwaterheater.ItwasconcludedthatthetemperatureandhumidityofsurroundingairproducedaconsiderableimpactontheheatingcapacityoftheASHPWH.Thebestcoefficientofperformance(COP)wasobtainedat20°
Cand35%RHfromthechosensetsofairconditions.Theoutletwatertemperaturefluctuatesintherangeof49.5°
C
to55.9°
C(whilethesetpointtemperaturewastakenat54°
C).Thesystemwillincreasethecombinedspaceheatingandcoolingelectricityconsumptionsannuallyby3%,ontheotherhand,areductionof55%ofwaterheaterrelatedannualelectricityconsumptionwasnotedrelativetotheconventionalelectricwaterheater.
Keywords:
Airsourceheatpumpwaterheater,
Sustainablehouse,
Experimentaldata,
Coefficientofperformance,
TRNSYSsimulation,
Energysaving
1.
Introduction
Waterheatingaccountsforabouttwentypercentof
energyconsumption
intheCanadiandomesticsector,anditisthesecondbiggestcontributortotheGHGemissionsafterspaceheating.Effortshavebeenmadetoimprovetheefficiencyofthewaterheatingprocessbyintroducingseveralnewandinnovativeprocesses/technologies,includingairsource
heatpump
waterheater(ASHPWH).ASHPWHisamechanicalsystemdrivenbyelectricalenergythatextractsheatfromthesurroundingair(dependingonthelocationofthesystem)andtransfersittothewaterinthetank.Thesewaterheatersareconsideredcompact(astheheatpumpisintegratedwith
waterstorage
tank),safe,
environment-friendly,andarecapableofoperatingyear-roundalongwithconsistentlyproducingthesamevolumeofhotwaterwithrelativelyloweroperatingcost.ItwasstatedthatASHPWHsystemsare200%–250%moreenergyefficientthanthestandardelectricwaterheaters,dependingontheairtemperature.ThelargestenvironmentalgaincanbepredictedofthissystemintermsofreductionintheGHGemissions.ASHPWHsarenormallyusedinthemoderatetohotterclimateswherespaceheatingisminimumornone.Insuchconditions,thesewaterheatersareinstalledintheunconditionedspaceorsimplyoutsidethehouse,andprovideexcellentperformance.
Ontheotherhand,theclimaticconditionsaredifferentinCanada,whereforalargepartoftheyearspaceheatingisneeded,andtemperatureof
ambientair
iswellbelowthefreezingtemperatureforseveralmonths.IfASHPWHisinstalledinunconditionedspaceoroutsideofthehouseincolderconditions,ASHPWHundergoesaconsiderabledropinitsperformanceandmayfaceachallengetomaintainthewatertemperatureinthestoragetankatover55
°
C(whichisasafetyrequirementaspercodeinthemanymunicipalities).
Indoorair
temperatureinthemostCanadianhousesaremaintainedbythecentralheatingsystem(basedonnaturalgas,
propane
orelectricity),andthepresenceofASHPWHunitinsidethehouse,whichisconsideredthemostviableoptioninCanada,mightaffecttheheatingandcoolingloadsofthehouse.ThecharacterizationoftheenergyperformanceofASHPWHiscrucialtoassessthepotentialsofthis
typewater
heaterintheCanadianhouses.
Inthisstudy,ASHPWHenergyperformancewasestablishedbysystematicexperimentalandsimulationsstudies.Asmentionedearlier,thesystemwasinstalledinthebasementofasemi-detachedArchetypeSustainableHouse(ASH),andtheheatisextractedfromtheairofthebasement.Theresearch