建筑设计毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献 (1)Word文件下载.docx
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毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献@#@Architecture Structure@#@Wehaveandthearchitectsmustdealwiththespatialaspectofactivity,physical,andsymbolicneedsinsuchawaythatoverallperformanceintegrityisassured.Hence,heorshewellwantstothinkofevolvingabuildingenvironmentasatotalsystemofinteractingandspaceformingsubsystems.Isrepresentsacomplexchallenge,andtomeetitthearchitectwillneedahierarchicdesignprocessthatprovidesatleastthreelevelsoffeedbackthinking:
@#@schematic,preliminary,andfinal.@#@Suchahierarchyisnecessaryifheorsheistoavoidbeingconfused,atconceptualstagesofdesignthinking,bythemyriaddetailissuesthatcandistractattentionfrommorebasicconsiderations.Infact,wecansaythatanarchitect’sabilitytodistinguishthemorebasicformthemoredetailedissuesisessentialtohissuccessasadesigner.@#@Theobjectoftheschematicfeedbacklevelistogenerateandevaluateoverallsite-plan,activity-interaction,andbuilding-configurationoptions.Todosothearchitectmustbeabletofocusontheinteractionofthebasicattributesofthesitecontext,thespatialorganization,andthesymbolismasdeterminantsofphysicalform.Thismeansthat,inschematicterms,thearchitectmayfirstconceiveandmodelabuildingdesignasanorganizationalabstractionofessentialperformance-spaceinteractions.Thenheorshemayexploretheoverallspace-formimplicationsoftheabstraction.Asanactualbuildingconfigurationoptionbeginstoemerge,itwillbemodifiedtoincludeconsiderationforbasicsiteconditions.@#@Attheschematicstage,itwouldalsobehelpfulifthedesignercouldvisualizehisorheroptionsforachievingoverallstructuralintegrityandconsidertheconstructivefeasibilityandeconomicofhisorherscheme.Butthiswillrequirethatthearchitectand/oraconsultantbeabletoconceptualizetotal-systemstructuraloptionsintermsofelementaldetail.Suchoverallthinkingcanbeeasilyfedbacktoimprovethespace-formscheme.@#@Atthepreliminarylevel,thearchitect’semphasiswillshifttotheelaborationofhisorhermorepromisingschematicdesignoptions.Herethearchitect’sstructuralneedswillshiftto@#@approximatedesignofspecificsubsystemoptions.Atthisstagethetotalstructuralschemeisdevelopedtoamiddlelevelofspecificitybyfocusingonidentificationanddesignofmajorsubsystemstotheextentthattheirkeygeometric,component,andinteractivepropertiesareestablished.Basicsubsysteminteractionanddesignconflictscanthusbeidentifiedandresolvedinthecontextoftotal-systemobjectives.Consultantscanplayasignificantpartinthiseffort;@#@thesepreliminary-leveldecisionsmayalsoresultinfeedbackthatcallsforrefinementorevenmajorchangeinschematicconcepts.@#@Whenthedesignerandtheclientaresatisfiedwiththefeasibilityofadesignproposalatthepreliminarylevel,itmeansthatthebasicproblemsofoveralldesignaresolvedanddetailsarenotlikelytoproducemajorchange.Thefocusshiftsagain,andthedesignprocessmovesintothefinallevel.Atthisstagetheemphasiswillbeonthedetaileddevelopmentofallsubsystemspecifics.@#@Heretheroleofspecialistsfromvariousfields,includingstructuralengineering,ismuchlarger,sincealldetailofthepreliminarydesignmustbeworkedout.DecisionsmadeatthislevelmayproducefeedbackintoLevelIIthatwillresultinchanges.However,ifLevelsIandIIarehandledwithinsight,therelationshipbetweentheoveralldecisions,madeattheschematicandpreliminarylevels,andthespecificsofthefinallevelshouldbesuchthatgrossredesignisnotinquestion,Rather,theentireprocessshouldbeoneofmovingin anevolutionaryfashionfromcreationandrefinement(ormodification)ofthemoregeneralpropertiesofatotal-systemdesignconcept,tothefleshingoutofrequisiteelementsanddetails.@#@Tosummarize:
@#@AtLevelI,thearchitectmustfirstestablish,inconceptualterms,theoverallspace-formfeasibilityofbasicschematicoptions.Atthisstage,collaborationwithspecialistscanbehelpful,butonlyifintheformofoverallthinking.AtLevelII,thearchitectmustbeabletoidentifythemajorsubsystemrequirementsimpliedbytheschemeandsubstantialtheirinteractivefeasibilitybyapproximatingkeycomponentproperties.Thatis,thepropertiesofmajorsubsystemsneedbeworkedoutonlyinsufficientdepthtoverytheinherentcompatibilityoftheirbasicform-relatedandbehavioralinteraction.ThiswillmeanasomewhatmorespecificformofcollaborationwithspecialiststhenthatinlevelI.AtlevelIII,thearchitectandthespecificformofcollaborationwithspecialiststhenthatprovidingforalloftheelementaldesignspecificsrequiredtoproducebiddableconstructiondocuments.@#@Ofcoursethissuccesscomesfromthe