考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案解析

2014考研英语

（二）真题及答案解析

D

　　5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

　　6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

　　7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

　　8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

　　9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

　　10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless

　　11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

　　12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

　　13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

　　14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

　　15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

　　16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

　　17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

　　18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

　　19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

　　20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

　　Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

　　Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

　　Readersof"HappyMoney"areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors'policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

　　21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

　　[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal

　　22.Theauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans'watchingTVis________.

　　[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

　　23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat_______.

　　[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

　　[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

　　[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

　24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_______.

　　[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders'criticism

　　[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

　　[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

　　[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

　25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto______.

　　[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

　　[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

　　[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

　　[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

　　Text2

　　AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou'remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe"aboveaverageeffect",or"illusorysuperiority",andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers-allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

　　Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe'rehotstuff.

　　PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves'fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is"anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation".Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem."Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion",saysEpley."It'sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves'.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit'snotthatpeople'sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinatomaofWiscon-Madisonuniversity,"buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.

　　26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.

　　[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

　　[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

　　[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

　　[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

　　27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's______.

　　[A]rapidwatching

　　[B]consciouschoice

　　[C]intuitiveresponse

　　[D]automaticself-defence

　　28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______.

　　[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

　　[B]believeintheirattractiveness

　　[C]coveruptheirdepressions

　　[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

　　29.Theword"Viscerally"（Line2,para.5）isclosestinmeaningto_____.

　　[A]instinctively

　　[B]occasionally

　　[C]particularly

　　[D]aggressively

　　30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer'sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.

　　[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

　　[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

　　[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

　　[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

Text4

　　Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

　　Whyisthat?

Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

　　Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

　　Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

　　Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

　　Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

　　Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisti