第四讲 情态动词.docx
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第四讲情态动词
第四讲情态动词
一、情态动词基本用法:
情态动词
用法
否定式
疑问式与简答
can
能力
(体力,智力,技能)
允许或许可
(口语中常用)
可能性
(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中)
cannot/
cannot/
can’tdo
Can…do…?
Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
could
couldn’tdo
may
可以
(问句中表示请求)
可能,或许
(表推测)
祝愿
(用于倒装句中)
maynotdo
May…do…?
Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
might
mightnotdo
Might…do…?
Yes,…might
No,…mightnot.
must
必须,应该
(表主观要求)
肯定,想必
(肯定句中表推测)
mustnot/
mustn’tdo
Must…do…?
Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.
haveto
只好,不得不
(客观的必须,有时态人称变化)
don’thavetodo
Do…havetodo…?
Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
oughtto
应当
(表示义务责任,口语中多用should
oughtnotto/
oughtn’ttodo
Ought…todo…?
Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
shall
将要,会用于一三人称征求对方意见
用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等
shallnot/
shan’tdo
Shall…do…?
Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
should
应当,应该
(表义务责任)
本该
(含有责备意味)
shouldnot/
shouldn’tdo
Should…do…?
will
意愿,决心
请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉
willnot/
won’tdo
Will…do…?
Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
would
wouldnot/
wouldn’tdo
dare
敢
(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
darenot/
daren’tdo
Dare…do…?
Yes,…dare.
No,…daren’t.
need
需要
必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
neednot/
needn’tdo
Need…do…?
Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t.
usedto
过去常常
(现在已不再)
usednot/
usedn’t/
usen’ttodo
didn’tusetodo
Used…todo…?
Yes,…used.
No,…use(d)n’t.
Did…usetodo…?
Yes,…did.
No,…didn’t.
二、情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推测:
以must为例。
must+do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;must+bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情;must+havedone是推测可能已经发生过的事情。
1.must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中。
HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.
2.may和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。
可用于肯定句和否定句。
Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.
3.can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。
Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.
Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生)
Canhebeintheofficenow?
No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中)
三、情态动词注意点:
1.can和beableto:
都可以表示能力。
但beableto可以表达“某事终于成功”,而can无法表达此意。
Beableto有更多的时态。
另外,两者不能重叠使用。
2.usedto和would:
usedto表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在。
3.need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别:
两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。
其形式为:
needn’t/daren’tdo;Need/dare…do…?
做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。
其形式为:
need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)todo
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/daretodo
以练促记:
A组
1.(2012北京,27)—Mum,mustIwashthedishesrightnow?
—No,you________.
A.shouldn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't
2.(2012上海,39)Withthehelpofthenewtechnology,you________e-mailyourfriendsbymobilephone.
A.canB.mustC.needD.should
3.(2012重庆,32)—Mom,mustIcleanmyroomnow?
—No,you________.Youcandoittomorrow.
A.can'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't
4.(2012安徽,42)There'senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.You________hurrynow.
A.shouldB.needn'tC.mustD.can't
5.(2012广东,34)—________Iswimhere?
—I'msorry.Children________swimalonehere.
A.Must;can'tB.May;mustC.Can;mustn'tD.Can't;can
6.(2012iI宁沈阳,9)You________jumpontoabuswhileitisstillmoving.Itistoodangerous.
A.canB.mustC.can'tD.mustn't
7.(2012福州,41)—Mum,mustIstaytherethewholeday?
—No,you_.You________comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.
A.mustn't;canB.needn't;mustC.needn't;may
8.(2012江苏南京,5)—Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?
—Notyet.I________gotoMoonlightSchool.
A.mustB.mayC.needD.should
9.(2012四川成都,35)—Excuseme,whoseJapanesebookisthis?
—It________beTom's.Inourclass,onlyheisstudyingJapanese.
A.mustB.can'tC.would
10.(2012湖南,35)—________Idothelaundryfirst?
—No,you________.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirst.
A.Must;mustn'tB.Can;mustn’t
C.Must;needn'tD.May;needn’t
11.(2012湖北武汉,35)—You________behappywiththestrongpublicsupportyou'vereceived.
—Yes,you'reright.I'mreallyexcited.
A.mayB.canC.mustD.need
12.(2012江西,30)LastyearI________drive.Iusedtotakethebus.
A.couldB.couldn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't
13.(2012北京,26)Manystudentscomefrompoorfamiliesandthey________affordschoollunches,sothegovernmentistryingtohelpthem.
A.needn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.mustn't
14.(2012内蒙古呼和浩特,10)—________Itryonthoseshoesinthewindow?
—Theyarejustonshow.
A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn't
C.Could;Sorry,youcan'tD.Can;Yes,youcould
B组
1.(2011北京,26)—Canyourideahorse?
—No,I________.
A.needn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.mustn't
2.(2011安徽,33)—MayIgooutnow,Dad?
—No.You________letyourmotherknowfirst.
A.canB.mayC.needD.must
3.(2011黑龙江哈尔滨,28)InordertospeakEnglishbetter,we________beafraidoflosingface.Becausethemostimportantthingistopractice.Remember,practic:
emakesperfect.
A.shouldB.shouldn'tC.haveto
4.(2011江苏南京,8)—FiftydollarsforsuchaT-shirt!
You________bejoking!
—I'mserious.It'smadeofsilk.
A.mustB.needC.mayD.can
5.(2011浙江杭州,22)—WillthenewiPhonecostalot?
—I________thinkso.Apple'sproductsareusuallyexpensive
A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.wouldD.must
6.(2011厂西南宁,35)—Lookatthesign!
—Oh,Isee.We________wastewater.
A.canB.mustC.mustn’tD.needn’t
7.—________youturndownyourradio,please?
—Yes,Ican.
A.MayB.NeedC.MustD.Can
8.—CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool?
—No,youcan't.You________wearauniform.
A.mightB.mustC.willD,would
9.(2010上海,35)Everyone________gothroughthesecuritycheck(安检)whenenteringtheWorldExpoPark.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.ought
10.(2010江苏南京,6)lt'sthelibrary!
Soyou________knowshoutingisnotallowedhere.
A.canB.mustC.needD.may
11.(2010广东,37)—IsawKevininthesupermarketthismorning.
—No,it________him.HemovedtoCanadalastweek.
A.canbeB.mustbeC.can'tbeD.mustn'tbe
12.(2010浙江杭州,22)I'mfeelingmuchbetternowsoyou________callthedoctor.
A.couldn'tB.wouldn'tC.can'tD.needn't
13.(2009辽宁沈阳,11)You________jumpontoabuswhileitismoving.It'stoodangerous.
A.maynotB.mustn'tC.mayD.must
14.(2009四川成都,36)—WhatwouldyousendtoyoursisterastheChristmasgift?
—Ihaven'tdecidedyet.I________sendherahandbag.
A.shallB.mayC.must
15.(2008辽宁沈阳,3)Thebabyistooyoung.You________giveherbigpiecesoffood.
A.mayB.mustC.maynotD.mustnot
C组
1.(2012河南安阳一模.27)—Willyouanswerthetelephone?
It______beyourmother.
—Sorry.I______.I'mverybusy.
A.can;mustn'tB.will;can'tC.may;can'tD.need;will
2.(2012辽宁大连模拟.29)—______Itakesomephotosinthehall?
—No,you______.
A.Can:
needn'tB.Must;mustn'tC.Could;won'tD.May;mustn't
3.(2012河南信阳淮滨一模,26)—Mum,______Igoouttoplay?
—Yes,youcan.Butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.
A.mustB.mayC.willD.need
4.(2012上海金山二模,39)—Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?
—I'mafraidI______,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't
5.(2012河北石家庄二模,36)—Where'sLucy?
—I'mnotsure.She______intheschoollibrary.
A.maybeB.mustbeC.maybeD.willbe
6.(2011广东)—IsthatournewEnglishteacher?
—Well,it______be,butI'mnotquitesure.
A.shouldB.mightC.mustD.can't
7.(2011福建)—Whatareyougoingtoorder?
—Well,IthinkI______trythefriedeggs,butI'mnotsureyet.
A.mustB.mightC.can'tD.shouldn't
8.(2011浙江)Schools______allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.
A.wouldB.mightC.shouldD.could
9.(2011山西)—Ican'tstopsmoking,doctor.
—Foryourhealth,I'mafraidyou______.
A.mayB.needC.havetoD.must
10.(2011河北)—IwanttoknowifI______smokehere.
—No,you______.Couldyouseethesign"NOSMOKING"here?
A.can;needn'tB.must;can'tC.shall;won'tD.can;mustn't
11.(2010北京)—Look!
Themanatthegate______beourhead-master.Heisalwaysstandingthereeverymorning.
—No,it______behim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow.
A.must;can'tB.must;mustn'tC.can't;can'tD.can't;mustn't
12.(2010上海)Thishistorybook______beBob'ssister's.Hissisterisonlyababy.
A.mustB.mightC.can't
13.(2010黑龙江l)Theyellowcoat______beLinda's,becauseno-bodylikesyellowexcepther.
A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must
14.(2010LIJ东)—MustIbeinhospitalforaweek,doctor?
—No,you______.Youcangobackhometomorrow.
A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.must
15.(2010广西)—ShallItellJohnaboutit?
—No,you______.Itoldhimjustnow.
A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't
D组
1.(2012河北唐山路甫一模,38)People______breathewhentheyareunderwater.
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't
2.(2012江苏无锡一模,7)—Shallwemeetatthestationat8
—Infactwe______.Thetrain______until10a.m.
A.mustn't;doesn'tleaveB.mustn't;leaves
C.needn't;won'tleaveD.needn't;willleave
3.(2012北京西城一模,32)—Guesswhat?
Ourteamwontheschoolbasketballmatch.
—Congratulations.You______beveryproud.
A.canB.mustC.wouldD.may
4.(2012郑州二模,28)Accordingtoaresearch,butterflies______seemorecolorsthanhumans.
A.mustB.needC.willD.can
5.(2012河南郑州模拟,29)______youpleasepassmeapieceofpaper?
Ineedtowritedownthetelephonenumber.
A.NeedB.MustC.ShouldD.Could
6.(2011潮南)—NevertouchmycomputerwhileI'maway.
—I______.I'mnotinterestedincomputers.
A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.won'tD.don't
7.(2011湖北)—Whocanitbe?
—I'mnotsure.It______beLucy'sfriend,LinMei.
A.mustn'tB.can'tC.mayD.must
8.(2011上海)—Whosebikeisthis?
—It______belongtoAdam.Look!
Hisbagisonit.
A.canB.mayC.willD.must
9.(2011天津)—Let'sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi.
—It'snotfar.We______takeataxi.
A.needn'tB.