阅读技能.docx

阅读技能.docx

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阅读技能

提高综合阅读技能

I．利用上下文线索猜测词义

学会如何根据上下文猜测词义是提高阅读技能的一个重要手段。

每个读者

都会常常在阅读时遇到生词，但不是每次遇到生词，都得去查字典，原因是有些生词并不影响对整个文章意思的理解，就不必去管它；还有些生词完全可以靠上下文线索猜出词义。

I.根据生词（或多义词）前后出现的其它词语的意思或整句子的意思猜测词义

Heissuccessfulasabusinessmanbecauseofhisdynamicpersonality.Heseemstohaveunlimitedenergy.

Johnworealightjacketdespitethecold.

Heisareallygoodathlete.Heplayssportswell.

1.凭借常识和经验猜测词义

Martha’shusbandandmotherdiedwithinamonthofeachother,andshecriedoftenatherterriblesorrow.

2.信号词、例释、标点符号和有些从句等都能帮助我们理解词义

BUT:

a）信号词incontrast,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,however,yet,although,while,unlike,but,whereas,asopposedto,nevertheless,instead,insteadof,despite,inspiteof,from…to,more/less…than等判断反义词的词义

Duringofficehourshelookedtenseandanxious,butonweekendshewasquiterelaxed.

MysisterMarieisanoptimist,whileherboyfriendisonewhoisalwaysgloomyandexpectstheworsttohappen.

Mymathprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemsshegaveusaresimpleones,however,wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve.

AND:

1）信号词is,iscalled,means,thatis,i.e.,or,definedas,referto等通常对某一

词汇作出定义、解释或说明。

Thewordbiotechnologyreferstoacombinationofbiologywithtechnology.

Ingeometry,aplanefigureofsixsidesandsixanglesiscalledahexagon.

AnumberofyearsagotherewasapopularmovementcalledZPG,i.e.,zeropopulationgrowth.

Anexcitingtechnologyrecentlyproposedtocombattheimpendingglobalfoodcrisisismariculture,ormarineagriculture.

2）例释可以帮助我们理解词义。

例释词常以forexample,forinstance,e.g.,like,suchas等引导。

Condiments,e.g.,pepper,salt,andmustard,makefoodtastebetter.

Legumes,likestringbeans,limabeans,andgreenpeasareimportantinyourdiet.

3）.标点符号是理解词义的一条重要线索。

因为有些词汇的定义是通过标

点符号，如逗号、冒号、破折号和括号等来完成的。

Theprincipal--moneyheputinhissavingsaccounttoearninterest--wassafeeventhoughthebankwasclosedbythepolice.

Theminingindustryisexperimentingwithorganisms（verysmallformsoflife）thatwilleatmetalsorores.

Someproblemscanbestbesolvedbyastrategycalledanalgorithm:

apreciselystatedsetofrulesthatusuallyworksforsolvingproblemsofaparticulartype.

4）根据定语从句或同位语从句判断词义。

Thetypeofmeteriscalledmultimeter,whichisusedtomeasureelectricity.

Theinventionofsnorkel,alongairtubethatreachesuptothesurface,hasmadeitpossibleforsubmarinetousetheirdieselengineevenwhentheyaresubmerged.

Exercises

Theunderlinedwordsmaybeunfamiliartoyou.Trytousecontextcluestoguessthemeaningofthewordsandselectthebestanswer.

1.InwritingfootnotesresearchersrarelyuseIbidanylonger.IbidisaLatin

abbreviationforIbidemthatmeans“inthesameplace”.

Ibidmeans_____.

a.theLatinalphabetb.Ibidem

c.inthesameplaced.research

2.Thespeakerusedcolorfulillustrations--drawingsandphotographs--to

helpusunderstandherpointsabouthowtoraisecactusplantsindoors.

Illustrationmeans_____.

a.growingindoorcactusplants

b.adrawingorphotograph

c.aspeakerbeforeanaudience

d.gardening

3.Ifyoustandinthedoorwayanddon’tletanyonepass,you’llobstructtheexit.

Obstructmeans_____.

a.blockb.doorwayc.passd.standwithoutdoinganything

4.Whenyoutradeoneobjectorservicethatyoudon’tneedorwantforanotheronethatyoudoneedorwant,youarepartofabartersystem.

5.

Bartermeans_____.

a.tradeb.systemc.unneededgoodsandservices

d.dividinglinebetweentwostatesorcountries

6.Sheexpectedtowintherace,insteadshesuffereddefeat.

Defeatmeans_____.

a.tirednessb.embarrassmentc.withacoldd.aloss

7.Data（informationcollectedinresearch）areaccurateonlyifcheckedcarefully.

Datameans_____.

a.researchersb.collectedinformation

c.accuratedetailsd.month,dayandyear

8.Automobile,bicycle,andtruckusehasincreasedsharplyoverthelastdecade.However,localgovernmenthavenotkeptupthepaceindevelopingroadsforpersonalvehicle.

Vehiclesmean_____.

a.localgovernmentb.meansoftransport

c.roadused.personalpolitics

9.Eight-year-oldDarrylalwaysstayoutoftroubleinschool.Heannoyednooneandcausednoharm.However,hisyoungerbrotherHermanwasknownforhisimpishbehavior.

Impishmeans_____.

a.well-behavedb.cutec.friendlyd.causingmischief

10.Thenewparkingruleswereimposed,thatis,forcedonusbytownleaders,butwefeltthattherules,werenotfair.

Imposedmeans_____.

a.well-behavedb.unfairc.forced

d.rulesmadebygovernmentleaders

11.Weweremakingexcellentprogressupthemountainuntilwesawagiganticrockblockingtheroadway.Thiswastheonebarrierthatwecouldnotovercome.

Barriermeans_____.

a.somethingthatstopsprogress

b.mountainroad

c.largesizeanimald.fear

12.Hiredtroublemakerscreatedchaosintheconventionhall.Everythingintheauditoriumwasintotalconfusionbythetimetheyleft.

Chaosmeans_____.

a.completedisordertroublemakersc.noise

12.Aftertenyearinonejob,Mikedecidedthathispaper-workwashumdrumandthathistelephonesalesjobwasdull.

Humdrummeans_____.

a.workableb.tiredc.boring

13.Movingclosertoschoolcanbothameliorateyourcommutingproblemandimproveyoursociallife.

Amelioratemeans_____.

a.makebetterb.movec.combine

14.Laundryownersuseindeliblemarkingpencilsontheircustomers’clothing.Theyusepermanentmarkersthatwillnotwashoffthegarments.

Indeliblemeans_____.

a.removableb.lastingc.stained

15.Somestudentswereinadvertentlylateforclasswhileafewwerepurposelylate.

Inadvertentlymeans____.

a.purposelyb.accidentallyc.always

16.Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.

Penurymeans_____.

a.wealthb.povertyc.middleincome

17.Itisbettertobereflectiveaboutproblemsthantobethoughtless.

Reflectivemeans_____.

a.thoughtfulb.uncaringc.problem

18.Today’steenagersseemtobemoreliberalintheirideasthantheirconservativegrandparents.

Conservativemeans____.

a.free-thinkingb.traditionalc.old

19.OrangesareindigenoustoSouthernCaliforniabutforeigntoNewYorkfarms.

Indigenousmeans_____.

a.nativeb.unknownc.alien

20.Ourcommodioushousehasmoreadvantagesthanourovercrowdedapartment.

Commodiousmeans____.

a.smallb.differentc.spacious

21.Ratherthancarefullyplanning,thespeakerreliedonimprovisingthespeechasheaddressedtheaudience.

Improvisingmeans_____.

a.jokingb.makingupc.planning

22.Whydidyouspendsuchaninordinateamountoftimeonthefirstquestion?

Tenminuteswouldhavebeenmorereasonable.

Inordinatemeans_____.

a.tinyb.difficultc.excessive

23.Thedetectivesweredeludedbyallthefalseevidence.Theywerecompletelydeceivedandtheyarrestedthewrongperson.

Deludedmeans_____.

a.wrongb.difficultc.misled

24.Ourplaneticketswerevoidedwhentheairlineticketagentdeclaredthattheairportwasclosed.Therefore,allreservationswerecanceled.

Voidedmeans_____.

a.reservedb.closedc.eliminated

25.Discomfortsufferedfromabrokenlegcanbesoexcruciatingthatdrugsareoftenprescribedtorelievetheagony.

Excruciatingmeans____.

a.painfulb.sufferingc.hurt

26.Westernframerslearnedtogrowcropsondryland.Theyirrigatedthesoil,usingpipesorcanalstothefields.

Irrigatedmeans_____.

a.fertilizedb.harvestedc.broughtwatertod.tookwaterfrom

27.Theplanwasthoughtless.Howardclearlyspentnotimeconsideringitsstrengths,andhedidnotdiscusshisplanwithanyone.

Thoughtlessmeans_____.

a.dullb.weakc.unintelligentd.donewithoutthinking

28.Ifyourkickstandisbroken,you’llhavetoleanyourbicycleagainstthefenceorlayitonthegroundwhenyouarenotriding.

Kickstandmeans_____.

a.deviceforholdingupabicyclewhennotinuse

b.awheelthatcanberemovedfromabicycletostopitfrombeingstolen

c.tired.leatherseat

29.In1960JaneGoodallpioneeredastudyofchimpanzees.Shewasoneofthefirstpeopletoobservetheanimalscloseupinthewild.

Pioneeredmeans_____.

a.traveledacrossthecountry

b.carriedout

c.wasoneofthefirsttodo

d.photographed

30.Afewtypesoftalltreesspreadathickcoverorcanopyofleavesovertheforest.

Canopymeans_____.

a.darknessc.undergrowthc.thickcoveringd.rain

31.In1869Americanhaditsfirsttranscontinental（cross-country）railroadline.

Transcontinentalmeans__.

a.successfulb.earlyc.acrossthelandd.changing

32.Thenativesenjoyedcolorfulbead,bitsofglass,cheapringsandnecklaces,mirrorsandothersuchtrinkets.

Trinketsmeans_____.

a.Indiansb.moneyc.valuabled.small,fancyitemsoflittleworth

33.Heraidswantedtokeepthediscussiononthenewlawgoing;themayor,ontheotherhand,insistedonclosure.“We’vetalkedenough,”shesaid.

Closuremeans_____.

a.endingb.eatingc.continuingd.goingout

34.Asullenchildisalwaysgloomyandresistscheeringup.

Sullenmeans_____.

a.sadandmoodyb.tiredandquiet

c.badandlivelyd.strangeandhelpful

35.Everytimehermotherspoke,KarenLoosaidthesamewordshermotherdid.Shecopiedeveryactionofhermother’stoo,coughingandclearingherthroateachtimejustafterhermotherdid.Finally,Mrs.Loosaidangrily,“Iwishyouwouldn’tparrotmelikethat.It’sveryannoying!

”

Parrotmeans_____.

a.squawklikeabirdb.copyc.annoyd.attach

II.利用词的结构猜测词义

对词的结构进行分析，并且熟悉基本的构词法，可以帮助我们在阅读过程中有效地猜测词义，提高阅读速度，从