苏州中考数学《第二讲:基本运算题选讲》专题复习含答案.docx

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苏州中考数学《第二讲:基本运算题选讲》专题复习含答案.docx

苏州中考数学专题辅导

  第二讲

  真题再现:

1.(苏州•本题5分)计算:

  (-3)-4+().

  2

  基本运算题选讲

  12

  -1

  2.(2008年苏州•本题5分)先化简,再求值:

  12a2+411a=.(-1)¸(-,其中)22a-44a2a

  3.(2008年苏州•本题5分)解方程:

  2(x+1)2x+1+-6=0.x2x

  4.(2008年苏州•本题6分)解不等式组:

í

  ìx+3>03,并判断x=是否满足该不等式组。

  2î2(x-1)+3³3x

  5.(2009年江苏•本题满分8分)计算:

  

(1)|-2|-(1+2)0+4;

  

(2)ça-

  æè

  1öa2-2a+1.÷¸aøa

  æ1ö6.(2010年苏州•本题满分5分)计算:

-2+4-ç÷.è3ø

  7.(2010年苏州•本题满分5分)先化简,再求值:

2a(a+b)-(a+b)2,其中a=3,b=5.

  0

  8.(2010年苏州•本题满分5分)解不等式组:

í

  (x-1)9.(2010年苏州•本题满分6分)解方程:

  x

  2

  2

  -

  x-1-2=0.x

  10.(2011年苏州•本题满分5分)计算:

  22+-1-9.

  11.(2011年苏州•本题满分5分)解不等式:

  3-2(x-1)<1.

  12.(2011年苏州•本题满分5分)

  2öæ2先化简,再求值:

ça-1+÷¸a+1,其中a=2-1.a+1øè

  (

  )

  13.(2011年苏州•本题满分6分)已知a-1+b+2=0,求方程

  a+bx=1的解。

  x

  14.(2012年苏州•本题满分5分)计算:

  (

  3-1+-2-4

  )

  0

  ìï3x-2

íïî8-x³1-3(x-1)

  16.(2012年苏州•本题满分5分)先化简,再求值:

  2a2-4a+4a+1+·,其中a=2+1.2a-1a-1a-2

  17.(2012年苏州•本题满分6分)解分式方程:

  314.+=2x+2xx+2x

  18.(5分)

  (2013•苏州)计算:

  (﹣1)+(3

  +1)+

  0

  .19.(5分)

  (2013•苏州)解不等式组:

  .

  20.(5分)

  (2013•苏州)先化简,再求值:

  ÷(x+1﹣),其中x=

  ﹣2.

  21.(5分)

  (2014•苏州)计算:

22+|﹣1|﹣

  .

  22.(5分)

  (2014•苏州)解不等式组:

  .

  23.(5分)

  (2014•苏州)先化简,再求值:

,其中

  .

  24.(6分)

  (2014•苏州)解分式方程:

  +

  =3.

  25.(2015年苏州•本题满分5分)计算:

  9+-5-2-3.

  (

  )

  0

  ìïx+1³2,26.(2015年苏州•本题满分5分)解不等式组:

íïî3(x-1)>x+

  5.

  27.(2015年苏州•本题满分6分)

  1öx2+2x+1æ先化简,再求值:

ç1-,其中x=3-1.÷¸x+2èx+2ø

  28.(2016年苏州)计算:

  ()2+|﹣3|﹣(π+)0.29.(2016年苏州)解不等式2x﹣1>,并把它的解集在数轴上表示出来.

  30.(2016年苏州)先化简,再求值:

  ÷(1﹣

  0),其中x=

  .

  31.(2017年苏州•本题满分5分)计算:

-1+4-(p-3).

  32.(2017年苏州•本题满分5分)解不等式组:

í

  ìïx+1³4.ïî2(x-1)>3x-6

  33.(2017年苏州•本题满分6分)先化简,再求值:

ç1-

  æè

  5öx2-9,其中x=3-2.÷¸x+2øx+3

  模拟训练:

  11.(2017年高新区•本题满分5分)计算:

  (-3)2-4+()-1.2

  2.(2017年高新区•本题满分5分)解方程1-

  12x.=x-11-x

  23.(2017年高新区•6分)先化简,再求值:

  (1-1)×a+2a+1,其中a=2-1.a+1a

  4.计算:

  (2017年吴江区•本题满分5分)4+()-2cos60°+(2-p)

  -1

  12

  0

  5.(2017年吴江区•本题满分6分)

  ì2-x£2(x+4)ï解不等式组í,并写出该不等式组的最大整数解.x-1x<+1ï3î6.(2017年吴江区•本题满分6分)先化简,再求值:

(bba+)¸2,其中a=2017,b=2.a+ba-ba-b2

  7.(2017年吴中区•本题满分5分)计算:

  9-(1-2)0+-5

  ì3x-3³2x+7ï8.(2017年吴中区•本题满分5分)解不等式组í2x+4<3-xïî3

  9.(2017年吴中区•本题满分6分)

  3x2+4x+4-x+1)¸先化简,再求值:

  (,其中x=2-2。

  x+1x+1

  10.(2017年相城区•本题满分5分)计算:

-3+()-(p-3)

  -1

  13

  0

  11.(2017年相城区•本题满分5分)解不等式:

x+1<

  4x-13

  12.(2017年相城区•本题满分6分)先化简,再求值:

  x1¸(1+),其中x=2-1.x-1x-1

  2

  13.(2017年相城区•本题满分8分)己知a-1+b+2=0,求方程

  a+bx=1的解.x

  14.(立达中学★胥江•本题满分5分)计算:

  (3)2--2+(p-5)0.ìïx-1>215.(立达中学★胥江•本题满分5分)解不等式组:

íïî2+x³2(x-1)

  16.(立达中学★胥江•本题满分6分)

  x1öæ¸ç1+÷,其中x=2-1.x-1èx-1ø

  2

  117.(2017年太仓•本题满分4分)计算:

  38+()-2-3tan30°.3

  18.(2017年太仓•5分)先化简,再求值:

  1öx÷æç1+÷,其中x=2-1.x-1èx-1ø

  2

  ì6-2x>2x-6ï19.(2017年太仓•6分)解不等式组í3+x,并写出它的整数解.2x+1>ïî2

  20.(无锡滨湖区2017年•8分)

  æ1ö0

  

(1)计算:

ç÷-27-sin60°+(p-2017)3èø

  -2;

  

(2)化简:

  a2-a+1.a+1

  21.(无锡滨湖区2017年•8分)

  2

  

(1)解方程:

x-6x-5=0

  ì2x-1>3xï

  

(2)解不等式组í1x-3£x-1ï2î

  22.(蔡老师预测•本题满分5分)计算:

2017--2+(-3)-().

  02

  14

  -1

  23.(蔡老师预测•5分)解不等式组表示.:

并将解集在数轴上

  24.

  (蔡老师预测•6分)bba先化简,再求值:

  (+)÷2.其中a=2017,b=2。

  a+ba-ba-b2

  25.(2017年平江中学•本题满分5分)计算:

-2-16+(3-p).

  0

  26.(2017年平江中学•本题满分5分)解不等式组:

  +x,{3xx--2(3x<-11)£

  1.

  27.(2017年平江中学•本题满分6分)

  2先化简,再求值:

  (1-1)¸x+2x+1,其中x=2-1.x+2x+2参考答案

  1.9;

  2.

  121a+122=;

  3.2,-;

  4.-3

(1)3,

  

(2);6.3;7.a-b=-2;

  a+253a-11112(检验);10.2;11.x>2;12.;13.-1,(检验);14.1;=22a+12

  3;

  3

  8.2

  16.

  1a2+21;

  17.(检验);

  18.原式=3.19.3≤x<5;

  20.原式=.=2x+2a-12

  21.原式=4+1﹣2=3.22.解:

则不等式组的解集为3<x≤4.23.解:

  =÷(+),由①得:

x>3;由②得:

x≤4,=

  ÷

  =

  ×

  =,把,代入原式=

  =

  =

  =

  .

  24.解:

去分母得:

x﹣2=3x﹣3,解得:

x=,经检验x=是分式方程的解.25.原式=3+5﹣1=7.26.解:

,由①得,x≥1,由②得,x>4,所以,不等式组的解集为x>4.27.解:

原式=•=,当x=﹣1时,原式==.

  28.解:

原式=5+3﹣1;

  29.解:

去分母,得:

  4x﹣2>3x﹣1,移项,得:

  4x﹣3x>2﹣1,合并同类项,得:

  x>1,将不等式解集表示在数轴上如图:

  30.解:

原式=

  ÷

  =

  •

  =,当x=

  时,原式=

  =

  .

  31.原式=1+2-1=2.32.3£x<4;

  33.原式=

  x-3(x+3)(x-3)x-3x+31¸=×=.当x=3-2时,x+2x+3x+2(x+3)(x-3)x+2

  原式=

  113.==33-2+23

  模拟训练:

  1.(本题5分)解:

原式=9-2+2--------------3分=9-----------------5分

  2.(本题5分)解方程:

解:

去分母得:

  x-1-1=-2x-------------2分

  3.(本题6分)解:

原式=

  x=

  经检验:

  x=

  23

  --------------------4分

  a(a+1)2--------------2分ga+1a=a+1------------------------4分

  2是原方程的解.--------------5分3

  当a=2-1时,原式=2--------------6分

  4.4;5.-2

  9.

  2-x1=22-1;10.5;

  11、x>4;

  12、原式=2+xx+1

  带入=

  12;

  13、a=1,b=-2x1=-1,x2=是22

  原方程的解;

  14.(本题共5分)解:

原式=3-2+1···············································································3分=2··························································································5分15.(本题共5分)解:

由①式得:

x>3.············································································2分由②式得:

x£4.···········································································4分∴不等式组的解集为:

  3

原式=2¸············································································1分x-1x-1==

  xx-1×·····································································2分(x+1)

  (x-1)x

  1·····················································································4分x+11当x=2-1时,原式=···································································5分2

  2.···················································································6分217.(本题共4分)解:

原式=2+9-1················································································3分=10························································································4分18.(本题共5分)xx解:

原式=2¸············································································1分x-1x-1

  ===

  xx-1×·····································································2分(x+1)

  (x-1)x

  1·····················································································3分x+11当x=2-1时,原式=···································································4分2

  2.···················································································5分219.(本题共6分)解:

由①式得:

x<3.···········································································2分1由②式得:

x>.··········································································4分31∴不等式组的解集为:

  =

  ∴不等式组的整数解为:

  1,2.·························································6分20.

  

(1)

  

(2)

  解:

原式=9-53+1------(-3分)25=10-3------(-4分)2

  21.

  

(1)

  

(2)

  解:

x2-6x+9=5+9---1分

  (x-3)2=14----2分

  x-3=±14---3分\x1=3+14,x2=3-14----4分

  22.-2;

  解:

(1)得x<-1-----1分由

  

(2)得x£4------2分\解集是:

x<-1-----4分

  a2-(a+1)(a-1)-----2分a+1a2-a2+1解:

解①得x<2,解②得x≥﹣1,则不等式组的解集是﹣=1≤x<2.----------3分a+1数轴略。

  1=---------------4分

  24.(法一)a+1

  23.(本题5分)解不等式组:

  解:

原式=

  .

  解:

原式=æ=

  bbö(a+b)

  (a-b)+·aa-bøèa+b(a+b)

  (a-b)(a+b)

  (a-b)bb·+·aaa+ba-b

  b(a-b)b(a+b)=+aaab-b2+ab+b2==2b··········································································4分a(法二)解:

原式=ê

  éb(a-b)+b(a+b)ù·(a+b)

  (a-b)a(a+b)

  (a-b)úë(a+b)

  (a-b)ûab-b2+ab+b2(a+b)

  (a-b)=·a(a+b)

  (a-b)=2b························································

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