优质职称英语复习第四部分阅读理解.docx
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优质职称英语复习第四部分阅读理解
第四部分阅读理解
阅读下面的短文。
每篇短文的后面有5个问题,每个问题有4个备选答案。
请根据短文的内容选择正确的答案。
第四十一篇TooLittleforGlobalWarming
Oilandgaswillrunout1toofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenarios2tomaterialize,accordingtoacontroversialnewanalysispresentedthisweekattheUniversityofUppsalainSweden.Theauthorswarnthatallthefuelwillbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretorealizepredictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.Defendingtheirpredictions,scientistsfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange3saytheyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreserves,andpointoutthatcoal-burningcouldeasilymakeup4theshortfall.Butallagreethatburningcoalwouldbeevenworsefortheplanet.
TheIPCC’spredictionsofglobalmeltdownpushedforward5the1997KyotoProtocol6,anagreementobligingsignatorynationstocutCO2emissions.TheIPCCconsideredarangeoffuturescenarios,fromunlimitedburningoffossil-fuelstoafasttransitiontowardsgreenerenergysources.ButgeologistsAndersSivertsson,KjellAleklettandColinCampbellofUppsalaUniversitysaythereisnotenoughoilandgaslefteventhemostconservativeofthe40IPCCscenariostocometopass7.
Althoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvarywidely,theresearchersarepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethatoilsupplieswillpeakassoonas2010,andgassoonafter.Theiranalysissuggeststhatoilandgasreservescombinedamounttotheequivalentofabout3,500billionbarrelsofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5,000billionbarrelsestimatedinthemostoptimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverageforecastofabout8,000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimateoftheworld’sremainingreserves.
Nebojsaakicenovic,anenergyeconomistattheUniversityofVienna,Austriawhoheadedthe80-strongIPCCteamthatproducedtheforecasts,saysthepanel’sworkstillstands8.Hesaystheyfactoredin9amuchbroaderandinternationallyacceptedrangeofoilandgasestimatesthanthe“conservative”Swedes.
Evenifoilandgasrunout.“there’sahugeamountofcoalundergroundthatcouldbeexploited.”HesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarioscometrue,butpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.CoalisdirtierthanoilandgasandproducesmoreCO2foreachunitofenergy,aswellasreleasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestanalysisisa“shotacrossthebows10”forpolicymakers.词汇:
doomsday/5du:
mzdei/n.世界末日signatory/5si^nEtEri/adj.签约的signatory/5si^nEtEri/adj.签约的envisage/in5vizidV/v.设想,打算采取carbondioxide(CO2)二氧化碳Swede/swi:
d/n.瑞典sear/siE/v.灼热,烧灼disastrous/di5zB:
strEs/adj.灾难性的shortfall/5FC:
tfC:
l/n.缺少,不足particulate/pE5tikjulit/n.微粒protocol/5prEutEkCl/n.协议注释:
1.runout:
被用完
2.doomsdayglobalwarmingscenarios:
全球变暧这一世界求末的场景。
scenarios:
指“预料或期望的一系列事件的模式”,在戏剧中指“一场,一景”。
3.IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC):
政府间气候变化专门委员会
4.makeup:
弥补
5.pushforward:
抓紧进行,推进
6.Kyoto:
京都(日本本州中西部一峻市)。
KyotoProtocol:
京都议定书(京都议定书是《联合国气候变化框架公约》的约定俗成的称呼。
京都议定书规定,到2010年,所有发达国家排放的二氧化碳等六种温室气体的数量,要比1990年减少52%。
)
7.cometopass:
happen,occur(发使)
8.thepanel’sworkstillstands委员会的工作结果(即对世界燃料的存量估算)仍然站得住脚。
9.factorin:
包括,把……计算在内,如:
Theyfactoredsickdaysandvacationsinwhentheypreparedtheworkschedule.当他们准备工作时间表时,他们把病假和假期都包括在内。
10.shotacrossthebows:
泼冷水,使……打消计划和念头
练习:
1.WhatdotheauthorsofthenewanalysispresentedattheUniversityofUppsalaintendtosay?
ATheburningofcoalwillacceleratethearrivalofEarth’sdoomsday.BTheoilreservesarebigenoughtomaterializethedoomsdayscenarios.CMeltingicecapsandsearingtemperaturesexistonlyinsciencefiction.DOilandgaswillrunoutsofastthatEarth’sdoomsdaywillnevermaterialize.
2.NationsthatsignedtheKyotoProtocolagreetoApayattentiontoglobalmeltdown.BcutCO2emissions.Cusemoregreenenergy.Dstopusingfossilfuels.
3.Whataretheestimatesoftheworld’soilandgasreserves?
A4,000billionbarrelsbytheaverageforecast.B8,000billionbarrelsestimatedbytheSwedes.C3,500barrelsenvisagedbyIPCC.D3,500billionbyagrowingnumherofscientists.
4.WhichofthefollowingaboutNebojsaNakicenovicistrue?
AHethinksfossilfuelsareasdirtyasoilandgas.BHethinksgreenfuelswillreplaceoilandgaseventually.CHethinksIPCC’sviewontheworld’soilreservesistoooptimistic.DHethinksthatIPCC’sestimatesaremoreoptimisticthantheSwedes.
5.WhichofthefollowingisthenearexplanationofNakicenovic'sassertionthat“…suchaswitchwouldbedisastrous…”?
ATheIPCCscenarioswouldcometruebecauseburningcoalwillemitlargeramountsofCO2.BAswitchtoburningcoalwouldproducedisastrousenvironmentalproblems.
COilandgastoreplacecoalasfuelwouldspeeduptheprocessofglobalwarming.DAswitchfromtheIPCCscenariostothepolicymakers’oneswouldbedisastrous.
答案与题解:
1.D第一段第一句toofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenariostomaterialize中包含too...to结构,意思是:
“太……以至于不……”。
newanalysis的争议性(controversial)在于,这种分析认为,在大气含有足够多的二氧化碳触发地球末日到来之前,地球上所有的燃料储存都将已燃尽。
2.B第二段第一句告诉我们.因为IPCC预言了全球性冰雪融化,这就导致了京部议定书的出台。
京都议定书责成签约国减少二氧化碳的排放量。
A、C和D都不是作者所要表达的意思。
3.D越来越多的专家认为2010年将是石油供应的高峰期,紧接着就是天然气。
他们认为石油和天燃气的总量在3,500billionbarrels左右。
而IPCC的估算是5,000billionbarrels。
4.DNebojsaNakicenovic认为瑞典人对石油储藏量的估算是保守的,少于4万亿桶,而IPPC的估算是5万亿桶,所以是moreoptimistic的。
Nakicenovic是energyeconomist,所以既是经济学家,又是能源专家。
他认
91
为IPCC的估算考虑到一些国际认定的燃料储存,A、B和C都不符合文章的意思。
5.B文章昀后一段中的he指上段中的NebojsaNakicenovic。
他认为有大量的地下煤可以开采,煤的燃烧能使IPCC的预言成为现实,但是燃烧煤会产生灾难性的后果。
suchaswitch指从使用石油和天然气到使用煤的转换。
第四十二篇RenewableEnergySources
Todaypetroleumprovidesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles1.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel2.Naturalgasreservescouldplugsomeofthegapfromoil3,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years4.Wecouldfastreachanenergycrisis.Weneedtorapidlydevelopsustainablesolutionstofuelourfuture5.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Theymaybenefittheworld’spoortoo.“Renewable”,referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.
TheChineseandRomansusedwatermillsover2,000yearsago.ButthefirsthydroelectricdamwasbuiltinEnglandin1870.Hydroelectricpowerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China’sThreeGorgesDam6,whichhasjustbeencompleted,isthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS’sHooverDam7,its26turbineswillgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations8.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina’sentireelectricitydemand.Surprisingly,somearguethathydroelectricdamssignificantlycontrihutegreenhousegases.
In2003,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtoharnesstidalcurrents9intheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill,butotherstaketheformofturbines.
Aspricesfall,windpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration—quadrupling10worldwidebetween1999and2005.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty11,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallybenign—theycaninterferewithradarandleaveasignificantecologicalfootprint12,alteringclimateandkillingseabirds.Migratingbirdsmayhavemoreluckavoidingthem.ScotlandisbuildingEurope’slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.TheUK’sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2020.Butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.词汇:
watermilln.水力磨,水车turbine/5tE:
bin/n.叶轮机,涡轮机windmill/5windmil/n.风车;风力磨坊benign/bi5nain/adj.无害的hydroelectric/5haidrEi5lektrik/adj.水力发电的tidal/5taidl/adj.潮汐的quadruple/5kwCdrupl/n.四倍adj.四倍的v.(使)成四倍footprint/5fJtprInt/n.脚印,足迹;接触面积gorge/^C:
dV/n.峡,峡谷注释:
1.…mostlyfuellingautomobiles:
大多用来为汽车提供燃料。
fuel在此作及物动词。
2.fossilfuel:
(煤、石油、天然气等)矿物燃料
3.Naturalgasreservescouldplugsomeofthegapfromoil:
天然气的储量可能填补部分石油短缺。
动词plug原义
为“堵塞”在此作“填补”解。
4.…exhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years:
很容易在50年内耗尽可采掘的燃料储备。
accessible:
可得到的。
5.tofuelourfuture:
为我们的未来提供燃料
6.ThreeGorgesDam:
三峡大坝
7.HooverDam:
Hoover大坝是美国七大民用建筑奇迹之一,建于科罗拉多河(theColoradoRiver)上,1931年开始建造,5年后完工。
8.coal-firedpowerstations:
烧煤的发电站
9.toharnesstidalcurrents:
利用潮汐来发电。
harness:
利用(河流、瀑布等)产生动力(尤指电力)。
10.quadrupling:
是动词quadruple的现在分词形式,意思是“(使)成四倍,翻两番”。
如:
Ourprofitshavequadrupledinfiveyears.五年里我们的利润翻了两番。
11.…oftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty:
常常会出现在美丽的自然环境中。
12.…leaveasignificantecologicalfootprint:
在生态环境中留下痕迹。
即指本句后半句所说的:
alteringclimateandkillingseabirds。
练习:
1.Whataretheenergyresourcesthatarenotrenewableaccordingtothearticle?
APetroleumandcoal.BNaturalgas.CWindandwater.DAandB.
2.China’sThreeGorgesDamAisthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.BisofthesamesizeoftheUS’sHooverDam.Cisthelargestofallthehydroelectricdamsintheworld.Dsuppliesaround20%oftheworldelectricity.
3.Whichisthecountrywiththefirstcommercialpowerstationthatmakesuseofoceancurrentsproducedbytides?
AChina.BNorway.CEngland.DAmerica.
4.W