高一英语寒假专题情态动词I人教版知识精讲.docx
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高一英语寒假专题情态动词I人教版知识精讲
高一英语寒假专题——神态动词(I)人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一.教课内容:
寒假专题——神态动词(I)
1.掌握神态动词的种类,形式。
2.差别近义的神态动词,掌握虚构初步用法。
二.神态动词
1.must、can、could、may、might、will/would、shall/should、need、dare
△must的必定式表示“一定”,否认式mustn’t表示“禁止,禁止”的意思。
如:
Youmustcomehere.
Youmustn’ttakethebookawayfromthelibrary.
同义词为havetodo,表示“不得不”一般表示客观原由造成的“不得不、
被迫”
如:
Mycarwasbroken,soIhadtowalkhome.
△can的必定式表示“能、会”“能够”,否认式can’t表示“不可以,不会,不可以够”。
如:
Hecanswim.Ican’tswim.Youcangonow.
同义词为beabletodo,也表示“能,会”一般表示经过努力才拥有的能力
与can的差别,主假如它可有时态。
如:
Hewasabletocountto10,000whenhewas3.Hewillbeabletowalknextmonth.
△may表示“能够”,否认式maynot表示“不可以够”表示经某人同意。
如:
Youmaygohomenow.Youmaynotgohomenow.
△will表示“将要,打算”用于未来,否认式willnot/won
不”“不打算”。
如:
Hewillcomeherenextweek.Hewon’tcomehome.
△shall用于第一人称后表示“将要”“打算”否认式shallnot
’t表示“将表示“将不,
不打算”。
如:
Weshallgohometogether.Ishallgotherefirst.
用于其余人称后表示“必,得”与must邻近,但表示人主“,
得”
如:
Heshallgoandseehisaunt.Shallheopenthedoor?
△need表示“需要”,否认式needn’t表示“不需要,不用”
如:
Heneeddosomewashing.Youneedn’tstayhereanymore.
△dare表示“敢于⋯⋯”否认式darenot如:
Hedaresaynotowrongthings.He
表示“不敢⋯⋯”
darenotgohomealoneatnight.
注:
need与dare除情用法外有意用法,且意不。
如:
Heneedssomewater.
Hedoesn’tneedtogohome.
Heneedstogotothehospitalrightnow.
2.could,would,should,might
四个除了做去式外,表示委宛,此与没关。
△could表示“能够”如:
Youcouldopenthedoor.
Couldyoupleasegivemethecup?
CouldIcomein?
△would表示“能够,能否能够”此一般只用疑式且只用于you
如:
Wouldyoupleasegivemethebook?
Wouldyoupleasenotgoaway?
△wouldliketodo表示“愿意,喜爱”如:
Wouldyouliketogowithme?
Iwouldliketobuythisbook.
△should表示“应当”“一定”;oughtto用于表示“应当”(重申客观上):
(大多状况可用should取代)
如:
Youshouldgivemethebookback.
Whatshouldwedonext?
Heshouldn’tgooutonsuchabadday.
Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.
Yououghtn’t(oughtnot)tosmokesomuch.
Eachmembershallwearanamecard.(表示规定)
Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.(表示应当)
Youshouldn’tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.
TherulesshalltakeeffectonJan.1st.
△might表示“能够”与may基本上可交换,但他语气较弱。
如:
Youmightgohome,butyoumustfinishyourhomework.
3.神态动词之间的问答与反义疑问句
May/CanIgohomenow?
Yes,youmay/can.
No,youmaynot/can't.
No,youmustn't.
Yes,youmust.
MustIstayhere?
No,youneedn't.
Shallwegonow?
Allright.
Yes,youneed/must.
NeedIreturnthebook?
No,youneedn't.
Yes,please.
ShallImakesometea?
No,thanks.
Imustgohome,mustn't/needn'tI?
Youmustn'tgohome,can/mayyou?
Imaynot/cannotdothat,may/canI?
Hemaygonow,can't/mayn'the?
Ineedreturnthebook,needn'tI.
Youneedn'treturnthebook,need/mustyou?
【典型例题】
[例1]It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack______behereatanymoment.
A.must
B.need
C.should
D.can
(答案为
C,表示有掌握的主观推断用
should
不用
can,can表示自但是然的
推断,且极少用于必定句中)
[例2]Mr.Brown,manystudentswanttoseeyou,______theywaithereor
outside?
A.shallB.willC.canD.would
[例
[例
[例
(答案为A,shall用于第三人称时表示征采某人对这人的建议)
3]—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?
Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.
—They______bereadyby12:
00.
A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need
(答案为B,同例1)
4]I__________adviseyounottodothatagaininthefuture.
A.dareB.wouldC.shouldD.need
(答案为C,此处should译为“一定”,表劝说)
5]WhenIwentout,whom__________Imeetbutouroldfriend
A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.would
?
(答案为A,表示“应当”,“需不需要”,征询建议)
[例6]—Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit?
—Ofcourse
A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do
(答案B,同上)
[例7]—What’swrongwithyourcar?
—Idon’tknow.Itjust_____start.
A.mustn’tBcouldn’tC.wouldn
’t
D.shouldn
’t
(答案
C,此不子的能力,而事自己,故用
wouldn’t,且此
句中宜用can’t而不是couldn’t)
[例8]You______takemyraincoat.I______dowithoutittilltomorrow
morning.
A.may,canB.may,may
C.can,mayD.must,can
(答案A,前方表示可,后边表示能)
[例9]How_______therebesuchathing?
A.mayB.canC.mustD.will
(答案B,表示可能性大的推)
[例10]He______havethebookwhenIfinishreadingit.
A.willB.shallC.mustD.ought
(答案A,表示将要)
[例11]Bequiet,please,orhisvoice______beheard.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.isn’tabletoD.maynot
(答案D,表示可能性,A太)
[例12]Why_____youalwaysinterruptme?
A.canB.willC.mayD.must
(答案D,此表示得⋯,必定要⋯)
[例13]What_______wetodonext?
A.haveB.usedC.oughtD.are
(答案为C,oughttodo疑问式)
[例14]Ifyourchildren______doasItellyou,you______letthembe.
A.won’t,shan’tB.(不填),will
C.don’t,shan’tD.must,shall
(答案为C,主将从现)
[例15]Man____diewithoutairorwater.
A.willB.shallC.shouldD.would
(答案为A,表示大的可能性)
[例16]Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn
A.mustB.canC.wouldD.will
’t.Whose____itbe?
(答案为B,推断发问)
[例17]_____Itogoandapologizeformymistake?
A.ShouldB.NeedC.OughtD.Have
(答案为C,oughttodo疑问式)
[例18]—MayItalkaboutitwithanyoneIlike?
—No,you______.
A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.don’thaveto
(答案为B,表示不可以够,禁止)
[例19]Ateacher______doeveryexercise,butapupilmust.
A.maynotB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t(答案为B,表示不用要)
【模拟试题】
(
)1.
—Igetthereontimetoday?
—No,youneedn’t.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Should
(
)2.
—MayItalkaboutit
withanyoneIlike
?
—No,
you.
A.shouldn
’t
B.mustn’t
C.needn’t
D.don
’thaveto
(
)3.
Ateacherdoeveryexercise,butapupilmust.
A.mayn’t()4.
B.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t
—Willyoupleasegiveheramessagewhenyouseeher?
—Yes,I.
A.shall
()5.
B.willC.canD.must—Wouldyoucomebacklaternexttime?
—No,I.
A.shan’tB.wouldn’tC.won’tD.mustn’t
()6.—Mustwefinishcopyingallthesearticlesthismorning?
—No,you.
A.mustn’t
B.haven
’t
C.nothaveto
D.don
’thaveto
(
)7.Thelittlegirl
dancebeforesomanyguests,
she?
A.doesn’tdareto,dare
B.daren
’t,does
C.daresnot,dare
D.daren
’t,da
re
(
)8.
youtellmewhat
’shappeningoverthere?
A.Could
B.May
C.Might
D.Shall
(
)9.
Ihaveawordwiththemanager,sir?
A.Will
B.Would
C.May
D.Can
(
)10.—Somethingflyingfarawaymustbeahawk.
—No,it
beahawk.
A.mustn’t
B.mightn
’t
C.can
’t
D.might
(
)11.
Man
reach
the
moonoranyotherstar
inthe
universe
now,
butwe
getthereyearsago.
A.can;couldn
’t
B.areableto;weren
’tableto
C.must;needn
’t
D.can;hadto
(
)12.Grandfather,
mysistercome?
A.will
B.shall
C.would
D.could
(
)13.
“What
Idoforyou?
”means“
Ihelpyou?
”
A.can,
May
B.
shall
;Need
C.
can;
Can
D.
will;Shall
()14.—MayIuseyourcamerathisSunday?
—No,you.
A.needn’tB.maynotC.won’tD.mustn’t
()15.IliketogotothecinemawithmotheronSaturdayevening.
A.willB.shallC.wouldD.can
()16.Youmindyourownbusiness.
A.shouldB.areableC.havetoD.hadbetter
()17.Thespeakerspokeslowlysothathebeheardclearly.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.shall
()18.Thepatientlivelongforhiscancer.
A.hastoB.mustn’tC.cannotD.needn’t
()19.Thatnaughtyboygooutaloneatnight.
A.darenotB.darenottoC.doesn’tdareD.didn’t
dare
()20.—MayIseethesecretary?
—Try.Butshe(可能不)wanttomeetanyone.
A.can’tB.canC.maynotD.maybenot
()21.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
—Yes,ofcourseyou______.
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
()22.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______
getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
()23.Themonitormustbeinthereading-room,_____?
A.mustn’tB.doesn’tC.needn’tD.isn
()24.Hehardly______sayanythingmore,sinceyouknowall
A.don’tB.needn’tC.needsD.need
’t
aboutit.
()25.You_____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomething
importanttodo.
A.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcome
C.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome
()26.—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?
—______.
A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please
C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t
()27.—Helen,willyoubeatthepartytonight?
—Yes,butIhavesomuchhomeworktodothatIreally_______.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t
()28.Ifyoulistentome,you_____havesomecandies,Deary.
A.shallB.mayC.willD.must
()29.Peter____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mayB.canC.willD.must
()30.—Dareyougohomeatnight?
—_________.
A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idaren’t
C.No,Idon’tD.Yes,Idareso.
()31.Whenyougoabroad,doyou_____takeyourpassport?
A.havetoB.oughttoC.beabletoD.need
()32.—Youmustphoneuseveryweek.
—Yes,I_____.
A.mustB.havetoC.willD.should
()33.—Yourlanguageteacherlooksaratherkindwoman.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_____believeit.
A.shouldB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.mightnot.
()34.Awiseman__sometimesmakeamistake.
A.canB.mayC.mightD.must
()35.Don’tgettheinkonyourshirt,forit_________.
A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout
C.doesn’twashoutD.can’tbewashedout
()36.—Isyourfatherstillanengineer?
—_______.
A.Yes,hew