4名词性从句.docx
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4名词性从句
NOUNCLAUSES-----(名词性从句)
.Definition:
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句.
Lead-in:
1.Askstudentstorole-playafunnystorytointroducethefunctionsofthenounsinasentence(subject,object,predicative,appositive)toleadtothevarietyofnounclauses.
2.Showstudentsthefourclausesandtheirfunctions:
名词
主语从句在句中做------主语宾语从句在句中做------宾语
表语从句在句中做------表语同位语从句在句中做-----同位语
3.区分不同的从句:
a.Thathewillcomeiscertain.(主从)
b.Iknowthathewillcome.(宾从)
c.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.(表从)
d.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.(同位语从句)
.Introductionofthekeyexaminationpointsaboutthenounclauses.
纵观近五年高考,对名词性从句的考查主要集中在以下几点:
1.连接词的正确选用。
2.名词性从句的语序/时态。
3.it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法。
.直击考点:
主语从句(Subjectclause)
1.Theintroductionoflinkingwordsofthesubjectclause.
从属连词
that,whether,if(不作成分,只起连接作用)
连接代词
what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(起连接作用,常作主语,宾语,表语等)
连接副词
how,when,where,why(起连接作用,作状语)
2.选词填空:
1).Howwecanprotectourenvironmentneedstobediscussed.
2).Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.(主从位于句首,表“是否”只用whether)
比较:
Itdoesn’tmattermuchwhether/ifheiscoming.(主从位于句后,whether/if都可用)
3).Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(what充当成分)
Thathestoleabikewastrue.(that不作任何成分,但不能省略)
4).Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
5).When/WheretheEnglisheveningpartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.
6).Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主语太长了!
放到句尾
(主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首用形式主语用it).
3.It作主语的常用句型有:
1.It+be+adj.+that从句
(important,strange,necessary,natural,urgent,obvious,clear…)
2.It+be+n.+that从句
(apity,,ashame,nowonder,ourduty…)
3.It+be+Vpp+that从句
(said,believed,reported,suggested,advised,demanded,requested…)
4.It+vi+that/what/who…从句
(happen,occur,matter,makea/nodifference,seem…)
跟踪训练—翻译下列句子:
真可惜我们不能去游泳.
碰巧那天我外出了.
他考试肯定会考好.
据说他已告诉了她一切.
4.主从中的虚拟语气:
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/urgent/advisablethat…
It’sashame/apity/nowonderthat…
Itissuggested/requested/proposed/desiredthat…
练习:
1)Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
2)Itwassuggestedthatameeting_____________(be)heldimmediately
3)It’sapitythatyou______________(notsee)thefilmyesterday.
4)It’surgentthatwe____________(take)measurestoprotectourenvironment.
5.主语从句中的主谓一致:
A.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式.
eg.
Whereandwhenhewasborn________(have)notbeenfound.
Whenthemeetingwillbeheldandwhowillattendit_________(have)notbeendecided.
注:
when引导n.性从句时,时态根据情境判断该用什么时态就用什么时态。
B.引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由其后的表语的单复数决定.
Whatyouleft_________(be)onlyseveraloldbooks.
WhatIwantmost________(be)youranswer.
宾语从句(Objectclause)
1.SentenceStructure:
Vt
主+Vi+介词+宾从
be+adj.
a.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.
b.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.
c.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.
2.Theintroductionoflinkingwordsoftheobjectclause.
从属连词
that,whether,if(不作成分,只起连接作用)
连接代词
what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(起连接作用,常作主语,宾语,表语等)
连接副词
how,when,where,why(起连接作用,作状语)
3.Presentation.
A.由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如两个或两个以上宾从并列时,自第二个起及其后的从句中that不可省。
1).Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.
2).Idon’tknow(that)heissokindandthatheoftenhelppeoplewhoareintrouble.
B.doubt后接宾从的不同情况:
1).Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.(肯定句中用if/whether)
注:
不确定性V如doubt,wonder,benotsure,don’tknow,ask,haven’tdecided,question+宾从,从句的引导词用whether/if.
2).Idon’tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.(否定句中用that)
3).Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?
(疑问句中用that)
跟踪训练:
a.Iwonder_________heistellingthetruth.
b.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.
c.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?
d.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.
C.用whether的四种情况:
1.引导介词后面的宾从2.与ornot连用
3.在表语从句,同位语从句中4.与todo连用
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Idon’tknowwhethertotellhimthetruthornot.
Thequestioniswhetherhewillagree.
Wearetalkingaboutwhethertoholdasportsmeetingthisweek.
D.介词后的宾从
1)TheSwedestoodstill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.
Iknownothingabouther,exceptwhatherjobis.(but,besides,in)
2)Sheisnotsatisfiedwithwhatshehasachieved.
3)Maryalwaysthinksofwhatshecandomorefortheclass.
4)Hewrotealetterofthankstowhohelpedhim.
注:
介词后接that宾从时,必须先用it作形式宾语
eg.a.Youmaydependon____thatyouparentswillhelpyouwheneveryouneedit.
A.themB.yourselfC.itD.me
b.Whenyouleave,youmustseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosed.
E.it作形式宾语的其他情况
(1)make/find/feel/consider/think+it+adj/n.+that…/todo…
eg.a.Ithinkitnecessarythatwereadbooksloudlyeverymorning.
否定:
Idon’tthinkitnecessary…(否定前移的V.think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine...)
b.Iwillmakeitclearthatspeakingrudelytoourparentsiswrong.
(2)表好恶类动词like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate…+it+宾从
eg.a.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.
b.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.
A.thisB.thatC.itD.one
F.宾从中的虚拟语气
1.表“建议,命令,要求”等的V.如order,suggest(建议),demand,request,advise,insist(坚持要求)等所接的宾语从句中用should+v型虚拟语气,should常省略。
eg.a.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)listentotheteachercarefullyinclass.
b.Theteacherdemandedthatwe__________(hand)inthehomeworkatonce.
区分:
Hispalefacesuggestedhe___________(be)illandhisparentssuggestedthat
he__________(go)toseethedoctor.
Heinsisted(that)he________(be)innocentandthathe___________(notpunish).
2.wish+宾从表不可实现的愿望,要用虚拟语气,从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步,即
wishthat…did/were…(跟现在相反)
haddone(跟过去相反)
would/could/might+do(跟将来相反)
eg.IwishthatI____thatfilmstaryesterday.
A.sawB.hadseenC.wouldseeD.hasseen
3.wouldrather+宾从也常用虚拟语气,宾从中V.用did(现在)/haddone(过去)
eg.IwouldratherIwereabirdandIcouldflyfreelyinthesky.
G.宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,此类表语形容词有:
afraid,pleased,happy,satisfiedanxious,sure,surprised,certain,glad,aware等。
a..I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.
b.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.
H.宾语从句中的“时态呼应”
1.当主句动词是现在时,从句V.根据所在的句子情境而使用不同时态。
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.
Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.
hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.
2.当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;但当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
a.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
b.Theteachertoldusthatknowledgeispoweryesterday.
I.宾从的语序问题
1.Thephotographswillshowyou____________________________________.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
2.Heasked__________________________________foraviolin
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
总结:
在名词性从句尤其宾从中除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序,体现为句式---引导词+(主语)+谓V+…
跟踪训练:
a.Canyoutellme________?
A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswho
C.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
b.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom_______.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
表语从句(Predicativeclause)
1.SentenceStructure:
主+系V.+表从
(系V.常为be,seem,remain,look,sound,smell,feel,taste…)
2.Theintroductionoflinkingwordsofthepredictiveclause.
从属连词
that,whether,because,asif/though(不作成分,只起连接作用)
连接代词
what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(起连接作用,常作主语,宾语,表语等)
连接副词
how,when,where,why(起连接作用,作状语)
3.Fillintheblanks.
1.Theproblemisthat_(不可省略)__wehavelosttouchwithhim.
2.Thisis________Henrysolvedtheproblem.
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas________hemissedthetrainthismorning.
3.Thisis_________hemissedthetrain.
That’s_________hewaslatethismorning.
需要注意的是:
a.当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
b.because引导表从说明事情发生的原因,译为“因为,由于”.
c.why引导表从说明事情发生的结果,译为“某某为什么会…”
4.Itsounds________you’refromthesouthoftheStates.
Whenweputapencilpartlyintoaglassofwater,itlooks_______itwerebroken.
总结:
a.asif/though引导表从即可表客观事实,也可表与事实相反的虚拟情况。
b.asif/though引导的从句可对现在,过去,将来不同时间进行虚拟。
主要通过从句的V体现出来:
asif/though+表从现在:
v-ed/were
过去:
haddone
将来:
w/c/m+v.
5.Hissuggestionwasthatwe______anothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.
A.holdB.wouldholdC.heldD.holding
注解:
当表从对应的主句主语为“建议,命令,要求”等词时,表从必须使用虚拟语气,体现在从句的谓语---(should)+v.
同位语从句(appositiveclause)
1.根据下列句子总结同位语从句的相关用法:
1).Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.
2).Thequestionwhoistoblamehasneverbeensettled.
3).Word/Newscamethathewasadmittedtoafamousuniversity.
4).Thereisnodoubtthattimeisveryvaluabletoeveryone.
5).Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.
(Students)总结:
a.位置:
n./pron.+同位语从句
b.功能:
解释前面n.的内容
c.Nouns:
fact,news,idea,truth,word,doubt,problem,question,suggestion…
d.引导词:
that,whether,how,wh-疑问词(注:
高中阶段检测中以考that为主,并且that不可省略)
e.当n.为“建议,命令,要求”等词时,同从中谓V用(should)+v表虚拟语气。
2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
Wewereexcitedaboutthenews(that)hehadtoldus.(定从)
Wewereexcitedaboutthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.(同从)
结论:
1).同位语从句——that只起连接作用,不作任何成分
定语从句——that是关系代词,起连接作用和充当宾语和主语
2).同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明
定语从句——定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰,加以限定