4名词性从句.docx

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4名词性从句.docx

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4名词性从句.docx

4名词性从句

NOUNCLAUSES-----(名词性从句)

.Definition:

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句.

Lead-in:

1.Askstudentstorole-playafunnystorytointroducethefunctionsofthenounsinasentence(subject,object,predicative,appositive)toleadtothevarietyofnounclauses.

2.Showstudentsthefourclausesandtheirfunctions:

名词

主语从句在句中做------主语宾语从句在句中做------宾语

表语从句在句中做------表语同位语从句在句中做-----同位语

3.区分不同的从句:

a.Thathewillcomeiscertain.(主从)

b.Iknowthathewillcome.(宾从)

c.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.(表从)

d.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.(同位语从句)

.Introductionofthekeyexaminationpointsaboutthenounclauses.

纵观近五年高考,对名词性从句的考查主要集中在以下几点:

1.连接词的正确选用。

2.名词性从句的语序/时态。

3.it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法。

.直击考点:

主语从句(Subjectclause)

1.Theintroductionoflinkingwordsofthesubjectclause.

从属连词

that,whether,if(不作成分,只起连接作用)

连接代词

what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(起连接作用,常作主语,宾语,表语等)

连接副词

how,when,where,why(起连接作用,作状语)

 

2.选词填空:

1).Howwecanprotectourenvironmentneedstobediscussed.

2).Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.(主从位于句首,表“是否”只用whether)

比较:

Itdoesn’tmattermuchwhether/ifheiscoming.(主从位于句后,whether/if都可用)

3).Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(what充当成分)

Thathestoleabikewastrue.(that不作任何成分,但不能省略)

4).Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.

5).When/WheretheEnglisheveningpartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.

6).Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主语太长了!

放到句尾

(主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首用形式主语用it).

3.It作主语的常用句型有:

1.It+be+adj.+that从句

(important,strange,necessary,natural,urgent,obvious,clear…)

2.It+be+n.+that从句

(apity,,ashame,nowonder,ourduty…)

3.It+be+Vpp+that从句

(said,believed,reported,suggested,advised,demanded,requested…)

4.It+vi+that/what/who…从句

(happen,occur,matter,makea/nodifference,seem…)

跟踪训练—翻译下列句子:

真可惜我们不能去游泳.

碰巧那天我外出了.

他考试肯定会考好.

据说他已告诉了她一切.

4.主从中的虚拟语气:

在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:

Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/urgent/advisablethat…

It’sashame/apity/nowonderthat…

Itissuggested/requested/proposed/desiredthat…

练习:

1)Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.

A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster

2)Itwassuggestedthatameeting_____________(be)heldimmediately

3)It’sapitythatyou______________(notsee)thefilmyesterday.

4)It’surgentthatwe____________(take)measurestoprotectourenvironment.

5.主语从句中的主谓一致:

A.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式.

eg.

Whereandwhenhewasborn________(have)notbeenfound.

Whenthemeetingwillbeheldandwhowillattendit_________(have)notbeendecided.

注:

when引导n.性从句时,时态根据情境判断该用什么时态就用什么时态。

B.引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由其后的表语的单复数决定.

Whatyouleft_________(be)onlyseveraloldbooks.

WhatIwantmost________(be)youranswer.

宾语从句(Objectclause)

1.SentenceStructure:

Vt

主+Vi+介词+宾从

be+adj.

a.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

b.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

c.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.

2.Theintroductionoflinkingwordsoftheobjectclause.

从属连词

that,whether,if(不作成分,只起连接作用)

连接代词

what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(起连接作用,常作主语,宾语,表语等)

连接副词

how,when,where,why(起连接作用,作状语)

 

3.Presentation.

A.由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如两个或两个以上宾从并列时,自第二个起及其后的从句中that不可省。

1).Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.

2).Idon’tknow(that)heissokindandthatheoftenhelppeoplewhoareintrouble.

B.doubt后接宾从的不同情况:

1).Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.(肯定句中用if/whether)

注:

不确定性V如doubt,wonder,benotsure,don’tknow,ask,haven’tdecided,question+宾从,从句的引导词用whether/if.

2).Idon’tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.(否定句中用that)

3).Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?

(疑问句中用that)

跟踪训练:

a.Iwonder_________heistellingthetruth.

b.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.

c.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?

d.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

C.用whether的四种情况:

1.引导介词后面的宾从2.与ornot连用

3.在表语从句,同位语从句中4.与todo连用

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.

Idon’tknowwhethertotellhimthetruthornot.

Thequestioniswhetherhewillagree.

Wearetalkingaboutwhethertoholdasportsmeetingthisweek.

D.介词后的宾从

1)TheSwedestoodstill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.

Iknownothingabouther,exceptwhatherjobis.(but,besides,in)

2)Sheisnotsatisfiedwithwhatshehasachieved.

3)Maryalwaysthinksofwhatshecandomorefortheclass.

4)Hewrotealetterofthankstowhohelpedhim.

注:

介词后接that宾从时,必须先用it作形式宾语

eg.a.Youmaydependon____thatyouparentswillhelpyouwheneveryouneedit.

A.themB.yourselfC.itD.me

b.Whenyouleave,youmustseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosed.

E.it作形式宾语的其他情况

(1)make/find/feel/consider/think+it+adj/n.+that…/todo…

eg.a.Ithinkitnecessarythatwereadbooksloudlyeverymorning.

否定:

Idon’tthinkitnecessary…(否定前移的V.think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine...)

b.Iwillmakeitclearthatspeakingrudelytoourparentsiswrong.

(2)表好恶类动词like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate…+it+宾从

eg.a.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.

b.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.

A.thisB.thatC.itD.one

F.宾从中的虚拟语气

1.表“建议,命令,要求”等的V.如order,suggest(建议),demand,request,advise,insist(坚持要求)等所接的宾语从句中用should+v型虚拟语气,should常省略。

eg.a.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)listentotheteachercarefullyinclass.

b.Theteacherdemandedthatwe__________(hand)inthehomeworkatonce.

区分:

Hispalefacesuggestedhe___________(be)illandhisparentssuggestedthat

he__________(go)toseethedoctor.

Heinsisted(that)he________(be)innocentandthathe___________(notpunish).

2.wish+宾从表不可实现的愿望,要用虚拟语气,从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步,即

wishthat…did/were…(跟现在相反)

haddone(跟过去相反)

would/could/might+do(跟将来相反)

eg.IwishthatI____thatfilmstaryesterday.

A.sawB.hadseenC.wouldseeD.hasseen

3.wouldrather+宾从也常用虚拟语气,宾从中V.用did(现在)/haddone(过去)

eg.IwouldratherIwereabirdandIcouldflyfreelyinthesky.

G.宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,此类表语形容词有:

afraid,pleased,happy,satisfiedanxious,sure,surprised,certain,glad,aware等。

a..I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.

b.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.

H.宾语从句中的“时态呼应”

1.当主句动词是现在时,从句V.根据所在的句子情境而使用不同时态。

hestudiesEnglisheveryday.

Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.

hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.  

hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.

2.当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;但当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。

a.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.

b.Theteachertoldusthatknowledgeispoweryesterday.

I.宾从的语序问题

1.Thephotographswillshowyou____________________________________.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike

2.Heasked__________________________________foraviolin

A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

总结:

在名词性从句尤其宾从中除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序,体现为句式---引导词+(主语)+谓V+…

跟踪训练:

a.Canyoutellme________?

A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswho

C.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman

b.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom_______.

A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein

表语从句(Predicativeclause)

1.SentenceStructure:

主+系V.+表从

(系V.常为be,seem,remain,look,sound,smell,feel,taste…)

2.Theintroductionoflinkingwordsofthepredictiveclause.

从属连词

that,whether,because,asif/though(不作成分,只起连接作用)

连接代词

what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(起连接作用,常作主语,宾语,表语等)

连接副词

how,when,where,why(起连接作用,作状语)

 

3.Fillintheblanks.

1.Theproblemisthat_(不可省略)__wehavelosttouchwithhim.

2.Thisis________Henrysolvedtheproblem.

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas________hemissedthetrainthismorning.

3.Thisis_________hemissedthetrain.

That’s_________hewaslatethismorning.

需要注意的是:

a.当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

b.because引导表从说明事情发生的原因,译为“因为,由于”.

c.why引导表从说明事情发生的结果,译为“某某为什么会…”

4.Itsounds________you’refromthesouthoftheStates.

Whenweputapencilpartlyintoaglassofwater,itlooks_______itwerebroken.

总结:

a.asif/though引导表从即可表客观事实,也可表与事实相反的虚拟情况。

b.asif/though引导的从句可对现在,过去,将来不同时间进行虚拟。

主要通过从句的V体现出来:

asif/though+表从现在:

v-ed/were

过去:

haddone

将来:

w/c/m+v.

5.Hissuggestionwasthatwe______anothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.

A.holdB.wouldholdC.heldD.holding

注解:

当表从对应的主句主语为“建议,命令,要求”等词时,表从必须使用虚拟语气,体现在从句的谓语---(should)+v.

同位语从句(appositiveclause)

1.根据下列句子总结同位语从句的相关用法:

1).Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.

2).Thequestionwhoistoblamehasneverbeensettled.

3).Word/Newscamethathewasadmittedtoafamousuniversity.

4).Thereisnodoubtthattimeisveryvaluabletoeveryone.

5).Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

(Students)总结:

a.位置:

n./pron.+同位语从句

b.功能:

解释前面n.的内容

c.Nouns:

fact,news,idea,truth,word,doubt,problem,question,suggestion…

d.引导词:

that,whether,how,wh-疑问词(注:

高中阶段检测中以考that为主,并且that不可省略)

e.当n.为“建议,命令,要求”等词时,同从中谓V用(should)+v表虚拟语气。

2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

Wewereexcitedaboutthenews(that)hehadtoldus.(定从)

Wewereexcitedaboutthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.(同从)

结论:

1).同位语从句——that只起连接作用,不作任何成分

定语从句——that是关系代词,起连接作用和充当宾语和主语

2).同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明

定语从句——定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰,加以限定

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