09新编 unit 9 model writing.docx

09新编 unit 9 model writing.docx

《09新编 unit 9 model writing.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《09新编 unit 9 model writing.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

09新编unit9modelwriting

Unit9

CommonModelsofShortEssayWriting

LearningGoals

AfterlearningthisChapter,youwillbeableto:

understandthecommonmodelofguidedWriting;

knowthetypesofcommonmodels;

masterthebasicwaysofshortessaywritingfortest.

IABriefIntroductiontoCommonModel

FromWritingdirectionsofguidedwriting,shortessaysaremostlyrequiredtowriteabout120-200wordsin30or35minutes,sowemaymakeanessaypatterningwith10~15sentencesin3paragraphs.Byitsownandspecificfunctioneachsentencehasitsspecificplace.Thebasicformisasfollows:

Para.ⅠS

（1）Generaltalkofthetopic

S

（2）Thesis:

thewriter’sattitudetowardsit

S（3）Transitionalsentence

Para.ⅡS（4）Thewriter’sreasonstohavethisattitude

S（5）SupportingsentenceI

S（6）Detail1

S（7）Detail2

S（8）SupportsentenceII

S（9）Detail1

S（10）Detail2

Conclusion:

restatethethesis

Para.ⅢS（11）\

S（12）/

Sample

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

（1）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,rice,thestaplefoodofmostChinese,isnowplayingalessimportantroleintheirdiet,whiletheconsumptionofhighqualityfoodsuchasmeat,milkandfruithasgreatlyincreased.

（2）Amarkedchangehastakenplaceonthefamilydinningtableinthelast10years.（3）Therearetwofactorsleadingtothechange.（4）Foronething,peoplenowenjoyahigherstandardofliving.（5）Intheolddaysfewpeoplecouldaffordmeatandmilkeveryday,whichoftenmeantabigchunkofthefamilyincome.（6）Butnowpeoplehaveenoughmoneytotastearichvarietyoffoods.（7）Foranother,peopleoftodaypaymoreattentiontonutrition.（8）Theyarenotmerelycontenttofillthestomach.（9）Theyareseekingthemostreasonabledietwhichwilldogoodtotheirhealth.

（10）Inshort,withpeople’sstandardsoflivinggettinghigherandhigher,changesintheirdietwillbemoreobviousandgreater.

CommentsontheSample

Sentence

（1）introducesthetopicbystatistics:

TheChangeofpeople’sdiet.

Sentence

（2）showstheattitudetothechange;

Sentence（3）pointsouttwofactorsofthechange;

Sentence（4）thefirstreasonforthechange-----people’sstandardsoflivinggettinghigherandhigher;

Sentence（5）（6）explaintherelationshipbetweenpeople’sstandardsoflivingandpeople’sdietspecifically.

Sentence（7）thesecondreasonwhypeoplepaymoreattentiontonutrition.

Sentence（8）（9）explainindetailhownutritionleadstothechangesinpeople’sdiet.

Sentence（10）sumsuptheessaybyprediction.

Fromtheabovesample,wecanseethattheessayiswellorganized,thesentencesinwhichfittogetherreasonably,eachmovingfromonetoanothersmoothly.

IICommonModelsofShortEssayWriting

Intermsofwritingstyle,mostshortessaywritingsintestareexpositionandargumentation.Accordingtotheirdifferentwaysofargumentativeorpersuasivemethods,theguidedwritingtaskscanbeclassifiedintosixcommonmodels:

Cause--analyzing,Reason--explaining,Effect--elaborating,Comparison--illustrating,Pro–and-con--commentingandPoint–refuting.Wewilldiscusstheminthissection.

1.Cause-analyzing

Thiskindofessaydealswithsocialproblemsorphenomenon.Thewriterpresentsnotonlythetopicwhichisbecomingthemostpopularrecently,butalsoanalyzesitscausesandresults.Theusualtitlesareasfollows:

TheWorldIsGettingSmallerandSmaller，ForBetterUnderstandingBetweenParentandChild，TeenageSmokingSoars,WhyCollegeStudentsTakeaPart-TimeJob,WhyHastheDivorceRateinChinaIncreasedinRecentYears?

etc.

Para.ⅠS

（1）Problem（generalintroduce）

S

（2）Problem（specificexplain）

Para.ⅡS（3）Transitionalsentence

S（4）ThesisStatement

S（5）CauseI

S（6）Detail1

S（7）Detail2

S（8）CauseⅡ

S（9）Detail1

S（10）Detail2

Conclusion

Para..ⅢS（11）

S（12）

Sentence

（1）and

（2）inthefirstparagraphintroducetheproblemorphenomenonthatwillbediscussed.InthesecondparagraphSentence（4）showsthewriter’sbasicattitudetotheproblemorphenomenon,thatis,thethesisoftheessay.Sentence（5）and（8）pointoutonereasonrespectivelyfortheoccurrenceoftheproblemorphenomenon.Sentence（6）and（7）developSentence（5）further------thefirstreason,whileSentence（9）and（10）aretheminorsupportsforSentence（8）-----thesecondreason.Thelastparagraph,includingoneortwosentence-------Sentence（11）and（12）,sumuptheessayormakesuggestions.Ifyouhavethreereasonstobegiven,youcanchangethelayoutofthesecondparagraphasthefollowing:

PⅡS（4）thesisStatement

S（5）CauseⅠ

S（6）Detail

S（7）CauseⅡ

S（8）Detail

S（9）CauseⅢ

S（10）Detail

Sample1

Children’sSchoolbagsAreGettingHeavier

Directions:

ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChildren’sSchoolbagsAreGettingHeavier．Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline（giveninChinese）below:

1.现在学生背上的书包越来越重

2.学生学业负担减轻不了的原因

3.结论

（1）Thesedaysweoftenseeourchildrengotoschoolwithheavierbagsontheirback.

（2）Underthepressureofanever-increasingburdenoftheirstudies,theyspendthehoursontheirassignmentslongerandlonger.

（3）Whycan’ttheirburdenberelievedinspiteofsocialprotests?

（4）Foronethingparentshaveastrongdesireforagoldenopportunityforsuccessoftheirchildren.（5）Theybelievethatifyoudon’tforcethemtoreadmore,thechancesoftheirbeingadmittedtokeyschoolswillbelost,andthentocollegeswillbeslim.（6）Sochildrenareunderconstantpressuretoscorehigh,testwell,aimfirst.（7）Foranother,ourteacherstogetherwithparentsapplypressureonthechildren.（8）Sincescoresarenotonlythemarkofsuccessorfailureforastudent,butalsoameasurementofateacher’sperformance,itisnaturalforateachertoassignmorehomework.（9）Failuretoproducestudentsoffirstplaceinschoolacademicexaminationsisoftenseenasevidenceofbadteaching.

（10）Tolightenchildren’sacademicburdenisnoteasy,butisworthtrying,forafterallparentsandteachersdon’twanttheheavyschoolbagstocrushtheirchildren.

Thisessaypresentsthereasonswhytolightenchildren’sacademicburdenisnoteasybyanalyzingtwomaincauses:

Oneisfromparents,theothercomesfromteachers.Theopeningparagraphintroducesthetopictobediscussed,andgivesbackgroundinformationonthetopic.Thebodyparagraphexplainstworeasonsbyspecificfactsanddetails.Thethirdparagraphdrawsaconclusionthattolightenchildren’sacademicburdenisnoteasy,butisworthtrying.

2.Reason--explaining

BothCause-analyzingessayandReason—explainingessayexplainthereason.However,theyaredifferentfromeachother.InCause-analyzingessaythewriteraimsatanalyzingthereasonwhysomesocialproblemorphenomenonoccurs.Reason—explainingessayfocusesonpersonalreasonfortakinganaction,makingadecisionorhavinganideasuchtitlesasMyIdealJob,MyMostFavoriteTVProgram,WhyICametoCollege,TheManIRespectMost.TheplaceIloveMost,WhyHaveIChosenTeachingasMyLifeLongCareer?

Para.ⅠS

（1）StatedTopic

S

（2）Thesis:

Myattitudetowardsit

Para.ⅡS（3）Thesis（morespecific）

S（4）ReasonⅠ

S（5）Supportingdetail

S（6）ReasonⅡ

S（7）Supportingdetail

S（8）ReasonⅢ

S（9）Supportingdetail

Conclusion

Para.ⅢS（10）

S（11）

InParagraphOneSentence

（1）statesthetopictobediscussed.Sentence

（2）showsthewriter’sbasicattitudetothetopic.InthesecondparagraphSentence（3）isatransitionalsentencewhichnotonlyrestatesthepointofSentence

（2）butalsogivesthegroundsforhisattitude.Sentence（4）（6）（8）dealwiththreespecificreasonsandSentence（5）（7）（9）arethecorrespondingsupportstoSentence（4）（6）（8）indetail.InParagraphThree,Sentence（10）and（11）sumuptheessay.Ifyouhavetworeasonstobestated,youcanchangethelayoutofthesecondparagraphasthefollowing:

Para.IIS（3）Thesis（morespecific）

S（4）ReasonⅠ

S（5）Supportingdetail1

S（6）Supportingdetail2

S（7）ReasonⅡ

S（8）Supportingdetail1

S（9）Supportingdetail2

Thesetwobasicformats,ofcourse,canbechangedinpracticalwriting.Accordingtothewordslimitationyoucanaddoneortwosentencestooneoftheparagraph.

Sample2

ThePlaceILoveMost

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonThePlaceILoveMost.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheoutline（giveninChinese）below:

1．我最喜欢的地方是……

2．它之所以吸引我是因为……

3．结论

（1）OneofthemostattractiveplacesIhaveeverlivedismyhometown—Xian,theprovincialcapitalofShanxi.

（2）IlovethislandbecauseitisacenterofChineseintellects,andmoreimportantly,itisaworld-famoushistoriccity.

（3）XianwasthehistoriccitywherethirteendynastiesinChinesehistorybuilttheircapitals.（4）Theworld-renownedSilkRoad（文明世界的丝绸之路）tookitsstartfromthere.（5）Alsotheterra-cottaarmy（兵马俑）oftheFirstEmperorofQinDynasty,knownastheWorld’sEightWonder,isfoundthereinitsmightybattleformation.（6）Becauseofthis,millionsofpeoplecomeallthewayfromoverseastovisitthisnaturalmuseumofChinesehistory.（7）XianwashistoricallyabirthplaceofChineseculture,breeding（孕育）numerousfamous,brilliantstatesmen,scientistsandwarstrategists.（8）NowitisacenterofChineseintellects,havingthousandsofspecialistsinvariousfieldsofscienceandtechnologyandmorethan50institutionsofhigherlearning.（9）Eachyearseesmanymajorachievementsgainedbythescientistsherefortheprogressofthenationandoftheworld.（10）Ittrulyshineswithabrillianceofgreatcivilization.

（11）Ifeelproud