stepbystep3000第三册unit12答案及原文.docx

stepbystep3000第三册unit12答案及原文.docx

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stepbystep3000第三册unit12答案及原文

A

Flyingpodevolutionautomobilespredecessors

Travelonlandwaterandsnowflyportablewing.

Fishingorhunting15kilometersstaystill

30-horsepowermotor160kilometers80450kilometers

Marketingcampaignbacklightaircraft

B

AgolfcoursenamedFoxHollow,whichhaswonanawardforitsrelativelylowimpactonenvironmentandsustainablewildlife.

Golfcoursesandtheenvironmenthavehistoricallybeenatodds.It’shardtoreconcilethecarefulgroomingandexcessivewaterneededforgreensandfairwayswithconservationandnaturalhabitats.Onecaseinpoint,Lakewood’sFoxHollowGolfCoursehaditsconstructiontemporarilyhaltedsosomekilldeereggscanhatch.ApairofretailhawkswerealsobornduringtheconstructionofFoxHollow.However,thegolfcoursehasrecentlywonanawardforitsrelativelylowimpactansustainedwildlife.TheGolfCourseSuperintendentsofAmericasayLakewood’s27-holeFoxHollowcourseblendswellwithBearCreekLake’sgrasslands,andthelandstillhostsfoxes,deer,greathornedowls,blueherons,coyotes,andotherwildlife.OnlythreeEnvironmentalStewardAwardsaregivenouteachyear,soLakewookofficialsareprettyexcitedabouthelpingsetthestandardforgolfcourseswithasofttouch.

C:

C1:

FFTFT

C2:

1999oldschoolfriends200512million

Schoolcollegeuniversityalistofthememberspersonalprofileotherpeople’sdetails

Livesaboutyourselfyourself-esteem

Schoolreunionschildhoodsweetheartsrelationships

Haveyoueverwonderedwhatyouroldschoolmatesaredoingnow?

well,plentyofpeopleinBritaindo.OneofthemostsuccessfulInternetventuresinBritainhasshownhowpopular,andhowlucrative,nostalgiacanbe.

ThewebsiteFriendsReunitedwasstartedforfunin1999byacouplewhowereinterestedtoknowwhattheiroldschoolfriendsweredoing.Theprojectsnowballedandby2005,thesitehad12millionmembers.OneextraordinaryfactisthatFriendsReunitedhasneveradvertised,itssuccessisentirelyduetoword-of-mouth.

Youcansearchforaschool,collegeoruniversityandfindalistofthememberswhowerethereinanyyear.Youcanalsopostapersonalprofileshowingwhatyouaredoingnow,andreadotherpeople’sdetails.

StevePankhurst,oneofthefoundersofthesite,thinksthatoneofthereasonsforitssuccessisthatsomepeopleliketobeanonymous.OnFriendsReunited,youcansnooponotherpeople’sliveswithoutgivingawayanythingaboutyourselfifyoudon’twantto.It’salsoanopportunitytobolsteryourself-esteembyshowingofftoeveryonejusthowsuccessfulandhappyyouarenow,evenifyouweren’twhileyouwereatschool.

FriendsReunitedhasalsoledtomanysuccessfulschoolreunions,andpeoplemeetingupwitheachotheraftermanyyears.Inparticular,manypeopleusethesitetolookuptheirchildhoodsweetheartsandmanycoupleshaveactuallyrekindledrelationshipsaftercontactingeachotherthroughthesite.

TherehaveevenbeenFriendsReunitedweddingsandbabies,andFriendsReunitednowhasanewsitecalledFriendsReunitedDatingespeciallyforpeoplewhoarelookingforlove.Thecompanyhasalsolaunchedothersites,suchasGenesReunited,whichhelpspeopletofindlong-lostrelativesandbuildtheirfamilytressonline.

So,whetheryouwanttobenosy,contactoldfriends,organizeaschoolreunion,findyourfirstlove,orsimplyshowoffyousuccess,FriendsReunitedisthesitetovisit.

DBewarehackers!

1.75%

2.Juveniles,usuallyintheirlateteenstoearlytwenties

3.Theydoitasachallenge.

4.Aformerhacker,nowasecurityconsultant

5.Tofighttheholesinthefirewall--theprotectiondevicebetweendifferentsecuritysystems

6.Becausetheycanbringexpertisethatonlyhackersunderstand,aholisticperceptionofcomputersystems

7.Becausetheyaresoin-depthwithinasystem.

8.90%or95%effectivenessisbetterthannothavinganythingatall.

9.Agoodsecuritypolicywillprotectyoufromanemploymentleveluptoasystemadministrationlevel.

Tapescript:

H--HolmesT--TeresaB--Bevan

H:

Let'stalkabouthowwidespreadtheproblemis.Manypeoplethinkthenumberofcompaniesorgovernmentagencieswhosesecurityisbreachedissmall.Isthatthecaseornot?

T:

No,Ithinkanybodywhohasinformationonline...it'sgonnabeahugeconcernforanybody.Mostlybecauseifyou'vegotinformationonthesewebsites,anybodycanactuallygetintothem.Thethingthatyouneedtoknowishowtobecareful.It'skindoflikethinkofitasasecuritysysteminabuilding,let'ssay.Ifyouhaveasecurityguardinthefront,you'reprotectedinthatarea.Youneedtodothatallaroundtheentirecircle,let'ssay,tomakesurethatyourentireinformationonthesewebsitesiscompletelyprotected.

H:

I...Ireadastatisticthatsaidthatsomethinglike75percentofcompaniesonlinehavebeenhacked,whethertheyknowitornot.Is...isthat...That'shuge.

T:

Thatishuge.And,infact,itcanbeminortomajor.Mostofthemareusuallyontheminorscale--thatbeing,someinformationgettingin.Andatthispointintime,alotofexpertsaresayingthatthehackersthataregoingintothesesitesarejuveniles,usuallyintheirlateteenstoearlytwenties.Andmosttimes,they'rereallyjustdoingthingsasachallenge,asawaytogetin,becauseit'ssomethingthattheycando.

H:

Now,MathewBevan,who'sa...who'saformerhacker,whobecameasecurityconsultant.Now...now,tellusaboutthat.Thishappensalot?

T:

This...rightnow,thisishappeningalot.Mostlybecausethesehackersthatareyoung,juvenilechildren,orteens,aswehavesaid,reallyknowtheindustry.Theyknowthecomputersowell,evenmoresothanalotofthesecurity,youknow,computersystemsthatarealreadyinplace.They'vereallybecomekindofanasset,ortheycouldbeaconsultant,as...asMathewis,becausetheyreallyknowhowthey'vegotintothem.Andthesearethepeoplethatalotofcorporationscanactuallyuse,becausewhatthey'redoingisthey'refightingtheholesinthefirewallswhicharetheprotectiondevicebetweenthedifferentsecuritysystems-andthey'rereallykindagettingintotheloopholesorthenichesthere.Bydoingthatthisisgreatinformationthatcompaniescanuse,becausetheymayknow,"Okay,that...partofthat...ourwebsiteisnot,youknow,protected."

H.Youwereahacker.Andhowimportantisthatforyouinyourcurrentjob,whichisasaconsultantforcompanieswhofearhackers?

B.Well,inmycurrentjob,whatIcandoisbringexpertisethatperhapsonlyhackerswillactuallyunderstand.It'skindofaperceptionofcomputersystems,sortofaholisticoverview.Andsometimesyougetpeoplewhocomefromperhapsasalesbackground,andtheymoveintoITinacompany,or,youknow,they..,theymayjustbeprogrammers...turnedsecurityexperts.I'mnotdiminishingtheexpertisethattheyhave,butsometimesthereareverytinythingsthattheycanoverlook,justbecausethey'resoin-depthwithinasystem.

H:

So,onthatsameissuethen,areyouoftensurprisedwhenyougoinandspeakwiththecompanies?

Areyousurprisedathowlittlesomeofthemknowaboutthedangers?

B:

Quitehorrified.JustrecentlywhenIwasoutinSingapore,therewasa...acompanywhichhadjustbeenhacked.Theirwebsitehadbeenchanged--mentioningnonames--buttheytoldmethattheyweren'tgoingtoinstallafirewallbecausetheydidn'twork.AndIthought,well,atleastsomethinglikea90-95percenteffectivenessofkeepingpeopleoutsurelyisbetterthannothavinganythinginthere.Itriedmybesttoexplaintothem,butsometimesthesewordsfallondeafears.

H.Thequestionis,whatisthebestwaytoconvincenon-technicalmanagersoftheimportancetoinvestineffectiveinformationsecuritytechnologies?

B:

Oneofthegoodwaysthatyoucandois,obviously,whatpeopledoisshowthemstatistics.Nowpeoplegetblindedbystatistics,andtheycanbemanipulatedtoacertainadvantage.However,justshowpeoplemaybeatrawlaroundtheInternet:

showthemsomeofthehackersites,someofthesecuritysiteswhichareavailable.Showthemexactlytheinformationthatyoucanfindandhowit'spertinenttoyourowncompany.Securitymanagementisn'tjustaboutwhathardwareandsoftwareyouhaveinstalled.It'sallaboutpolicymanagementaswell.Ifyouhaveagoodsecuritypolicycoveringallaspectsofyourcompany,thenthiswillprotectyoufromemploymentlevelupto,obviously,asystemadministrationlevel.

Questions:

1.Howmanycompaniesonlinehavebeenhacked?

2.Whoarethehackersusually?

3.Whydotheywanttobehackers?

4.WhoisMathewBevan?

5.Whatdothehackersdoactually?

6.Whywouldcompaniesemployhackerstobetheirsecurityconsultants

7.Whycan'tprogrammersbegoodsecurityconsultants?

8.Whyisitstillnecessarytoinstallafirewallthoughitmaynotalwayswork?

9.Whyispolicymanagementsoimportanttosecuritymanagement?

E.HousingProblems

Ahusbandandawifearediscussingthedemolitionofsomeoldbuildingstomakeroomfortheerectionofofficeblocksinanareawherethereisanacuteshortageofhousing.

Wife:

It'sanabsolutescandal.MyfriendMrsStandleysaysthatatleasttwentypeoplehavealreadywrittentothecounciltocomplain.

Husband:

Tocomplainaboutwhat?

Wife:

Haven'tyouheard?

ThegascompanyarethinkingofpullingdownallthoseoldhousesinSaltLaneandsellingthelandtoapropertycompanytobuildofficeblocks.Andthecouncilaredoingabsolutelynothingaboutit.

Husband:

Well,thoseoldhousesareinprettybadcondition.

Wife:

That'snotthepoint.Thepointisit'snot