46级翻译.docx
《46级翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《46级翻译.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
46级翻译
8种常考语法要点归纳
1.比较结构
1).Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly____________(一半的钱) inadayinLeedsasinLondon.
(halfasmuchmoney)
2)Americanseat__________(两倍)proteinastheyactuallyneedeveryday.
(twiceasmuch)
3)Thenumberofthestudentsinthiscityhas_____(增加了6倍)incomparisonwith2001.
(increased6times)
2.用于表示“与相比”的短语
Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothing______________(与我的相比)
(comparedwithmine/incomparisonwithmine)
2)SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat__(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)
(nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading)
3)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudnesssosuch____________(而是他缺乏天分).
(asbyhislackoftalent)
3.状语从句
包括:
-asthough…即使…
hardly/barely/scarcely…when…(句子前半部要倒装)
一…就…(Hardlyhadwesatdownatthetable,whenthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。
)
nosooner…than…(句子前半部要倒装)一…就…(Nosoonerhadwesatdownatthetablethanthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。
)
nowthat…既然,由于sothat结果/以致
inthat…因为,由于
Incasethat/forfearthat/lest以防,万一,以免
Unless…除非…(才)until直到…才
Whether…or不管是…还是…
aslongas只要evenif/though虽然/即使
Examples:
1).________________(家也许很简陋),there’snoplacelikehome,whereverhemaygo.
(Humbleasitmaybe)
2)._______________(我们一到山顶)thanweallsatdowntorest.
(Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill)
3).______________(既然你很熟悉作者的想法),tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoupossiblycan.
(Nowthatyouarefamiliarwiththeauthor’sideas)
4).Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_______________(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)
(inthatithelpstofindandcorrectourmistakes).
5)Givemeyourtelephonenumber________________(以备我需要你的帮助)
(incaseIneedyourhelp).
6)_______________(政府才能有效运行)unlessitisfreefromsuchinterference.
(Governmentcannotoperateeffectively)
7)Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwater______________(不管是否加热)
(whether(itis)heatedornot)
8)_____(要不是你们的帮助),wewouldnothavesucceeded.
Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp
4.名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句及同位语从句)
1)Insomecountries,______________(所谓的平等)doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.
(whatiscalled“equality”)
2)_______________________(给我印象最深的)wereherlivelinessandsenseofhumor.
(Whatimpressedmemost)
3)Wecouldn’t___(就该怎么办达成一致)
agreeonwhatshouldbedone
4)Thisis___(鲁迅曾经住过的地方)
whereLuXunusedtolive
5.定语从句
1)Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,________________(正如预料的那样).
(aswastobeexpected)
2)TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_____________(正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样)
(asisoftenthecaseinothercountries)
3)I’mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,_____(它简直是浪费钱).
(whichisjustawasteofmoney)
分句关系代词只能用that,而不能用which的主要情况
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,nothing,something,few,little,much,none,等不定代词时
2)当先行词被序数词(thefirst,thesecond)或形容词最高级所修饰时
3)当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时.
当先行词是人而且有only,all,any等限定词时,其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用that(Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.)
6.虚拟语气
1)用于以下动词之后的that–分句当中,分句动词用原型或者是should+原型
(order,command,demand,insist,maintain,request,require,ask,recommend,propose,suggest,move,desire,etc)
2)以下形容词用于Itis+adj.+that结构中,从句动词用原型或者是should+原型
(advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative,obligatory,important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,proper,)
3)用在以下名词之后的that–分句当中,分句动词用原型或者是should+原型
(decision,decree(法令,判决),demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,apity,ashame,nowonderthat
3)用于宾语从句中wish
4)用于某些特定结构中,如
Ifonly,
asthough/if,
Itis(high)timethat是时候做某事了(It’stimeyouwenttobed.)
wouldrather+从句--wouldrather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:
A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,如
-I’dratheryoucamenextSaturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。
-I’dratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快乐。
B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望,如
-I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.我真希望你没有这样说过。
-I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.我宁愿你没这样做。
1)Theprofessorrequiredthat_________________(我们交研究报告)
(wehandinourresearchreports)
2)Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident_________(被任命)forthiscollege.
(beappointed)
3)Somewomen___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.
(couldhavemadeagoodsalary)
4)Butforhishelp,I_____________(我不可能这么早完成)
(wouldnothavefinishedsoearly)
5)Thevictim_____(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.
(wouldhavesurvived)
6)It’stime_____________________(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
(somethingwasdone/
somemeasuresweretaken)
7.倒装结构
1)表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时
a.seldom,rarely,never;
b.Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan;
c.包含only的状语出现在句首;
d.当包含no的短语出现在句首,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,bynomeans,etc.
2)so,neither,nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时
3)地点状语位于句首,动词是come,lie,stand,walk等
1)Notuntilthegamehadbegun_________(他才到达)thesportsaround.
(didhearriveat)
2)Ifyouwon’tagreetoourplan,_______________(他们也不会同意).
(neitherwillthey)
3)Hehadunderstoodnothing,_____(也没尝试着去)understand.
(nordidhetryto)
4)OnlyafterIslappedhimontheback____(他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).
(didhenoticemeandshoutedwithhappiness)
8.并列成分
and,or,nor,but,not…but,both…and…,
than,notonly…but(also),either…or…,neither…nor…
ratherthan…而不是…(insteadof…)[IthinkI’llhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.]
otherthan…(常用于否定句)除…以外(except)[I’llbegoingawayinJunebutotherthanthatI’llbehereallsummer.我会在六月份外出;除此以外,我整个夏天都在这里。
]
etc.
1)Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFrancisco____________(而不愿待在纽约)
(thanstayedinNewYork.)
2)Innocountry_________(除了在英国),ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.
(otherthanBritain)
3)_________________(这两本书都不认为)theopinionthatthedangerofnuclearwarisincreasing.
(Neitherofthetwobookshold)
neitherof后接复数名词或代词,动词用单数和复数都可以,复数动词较正式。
eitheror亦同。
3种常考词汇要点归纳
A.接不定式或动名词的动词及短语
以下单词或词组后接动名词–ing
anticipate,appreciate,consider,deny,dislike,enjoy,favor,mind,practise,report,resent,risk,keep,imagine/fancy,recall,defend,,include,involve,justify(证明…正确;对…解释),advise/suggest,confess,admit/acknowledge,delay,postpone,putoff,excuse/forgive,miss,escape,avoid,tolerate,resist,giveup,dreamof/about,despairof(对…丧失信心,感到绝望),objectto,feellike(想做某事),counton(依靠,指望),succeedin,insiston,stickto,persistin(坚持做某事),perseverein(坚持),lookforwardto,have(no)trouble/difficulty)in
以下单词或词组后接不定式todo
refuse,afford,agree,choose,claim,manage,offer,pretend,promise,sweartodo(发誓,承诺去做某事), venturetodo(小心谨慎地去做某事),guaranteetodo保证去做某事,decide/determine/resolvetodo(决心去做某事),desire/hope/wish,expect,…
以下单词或词组后接不定式todo.但是to省略
hadbetterdo…
cannotbutdo…
may/mightaswelldo…不妨做某事
wouldrather/sooner…
…
1)Mr.Johnsonpreferred__________.(别人给他重活干)
(tobegivenheavierworktodo)
2)Shewouldappreciate____________(收到来信)yousometime.
(hearingfrom)
3)Iused_________(以前抽烟抽得很凶),butIgaveitupthreeyearsago.
(tosmokeheavily)
4)Ifyoudon’tliketoswim,you__________(不妨待在家里)
(mayaswellstayathome)
B.表因果关系的动词词组
leadto/resultin
giveriseto使发生(Thenovel’ssuccessgaverisetoanumberofsequels.这部小说的成功带来就系列的续篇。
)
resultfrom/arisefrom
originatein/from
beresponsiblefor
…
C.常用短语
与动词有关
take…intoaccount/consideration把…考虑在内;
accusesbof(doing)sth因为某事控告/谴责某人;
chargesbwithsth因为某事控告/谴责某人;
chargesb(money)forsth收费,要价;
benefitby/fromsth得益于,得利于;
commentonsth/makecommentsonsth对…作评论;
concentrate(one’sattention)on/upon集中注意力于…;
focuson(doing)sth集中注意力于…;
convincesb.ofsth.使确信,使信服(-Youneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
)
come/gointoeffect生效;开始实施(-Newcontrolcomeintoeffectnextmonth.下月开始实施新的管制措施。
)
takeeffect开始起作用;见效;生效;开始实施(-Theaspirinssoontakeeffect.阿司匹林药片见效快。
)
beentitledto(doing)sth有资格/权利去做某事(-Youwillbeentitledtoyourpensionwhenyoureach65.你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。
)
findfaultwith批评
catchaglimpseofsth/sb 看了一眼… (Hecaughtaglimpseofherinthecrowd.他一眼瞥见她在人群里。
)
informsbof/aboutsth 知会某人某事 (Pleaseinformusofanychangesofaddress.地址若有变动请随时通知我们。
)
be/getinvolvedinsth 参与
keep/holdpace(with) 与…并驾齐驱,步调一致
makesense有意义,讲得通,合乎情理(-Itmakessensetodosth…)
spend(time,money....)onsth/indoingsth花时间/金钱在某事上
haveaccessto有…机会、权利、途径(-Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。
)
与形容词有关
beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth习惯于…
beashamedof对..感到羞愧
be(well/fully)awareof完全明白,意识到…
becommittedto尽心尽力的;忠诚于…的
becomposedof由…构成
beconcernedabout担心的,忧虑的
beconcernedwith关切的,关注的
beconsciousof意识到,注意到
beconsistentwith…与…一致的,相符的
becontentwith对…感到满意
becriticalof对…批评的,挑剔的
(sb.)befamiliarwith(sth)对…熟悉(-Iamfamiliarwiththevoice.)
(sth./sb.)befamiliarto(sb.)对…熟悉(-Thevoiceseemstobefamiliartome.)
beignorantof/about对某事不了解,无知(-He’scompletelyignorantaboutmoderntechnology.他对现代科技一无所知。
)
bejealousofsb/sth嫉妒…
feel/benervousabout/of因…而紧张,焦虑,担忧
beoptimisticabout对…感到乐观
berelevantto与…紧密相关,切题的
besensitiveto对…敏感的,体贴的,易生气的
besimilarto与…相似
beuneasyabout/atsth对…感到不自在,担心
beinferiorto比不上…;劣于…(-Thismodelistechnicallyinferiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上比不上它的竞争者。
)
besuperiorto占优势;更胜一酬(-Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上超过了它的竞争者。
)
介词词组
onbehalfof/onsb’sbehalf代表某人(-Iwouldliketothankyouallonbehalfoftheteam.)
inbehalfof为帮助某人(-Wecollectedmoneyinbehalfoftheh