全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened

.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot

the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic

followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe

oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution

up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading

throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures

the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin

.Itisimportanttodoso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,

thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,

bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,

itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately

.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas

withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage

increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,

generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch

.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe

withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas

bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen

viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed

“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.

21.[A]between[B]before[C]since（A）[D]later

22.[A]after[B]by[C]during（D）[D]until

23.[A]means[B]method[C]medium（C）[D]measure

24.[A]process[B]company[C]light（B）[D]form

25.[A]gathered[B]speeded[C]worked（B）[D]picked

26.[A]on[B]out[C]over（A）[D]off

27.[A]of[B]for[C]beyond（D）[D]into

28.[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect（D）[D]perspective

29.[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however（C）[D]therefore

30.[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated（B）[D]characterized

31.[A]unless[B]since[C]lest（D）[D]although

32.[A]apparent[B]desirable[C]negative（A）[D]plausible

33.[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental（A）[D]instrumental

34.[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity（C）[D]faculty

35.[A]bymeansof[B]intermsof[C]withregardto（B）[D]inlinewith

36.[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer（D）[D]smaller

37.[A]context[B]range[C]scope（A）[D]territory

38.[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced（C）[D]effected

39.[A]competitive[B]controversial[C]distracting（B）[D]irrational

40.[A]above[B]upon[C]against（C）[D]with

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?

”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople（C）

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

[A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges（B）

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor（D）

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible

[C]inexaggeratedstatements（D）

[D]ascasuallyaspossible

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.

[A]UseHumorEffectively

[B]VariousKindsofHumor

[C]AddHumortoSpeech（A）

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies

Text2

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics--thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented--andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated--thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin________.

[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork（C）

[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

47.Theword“gizmos”（Line1,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans________.

[A]programs

[B]experts

[C]devices（C）

[D]creatures

48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan________.

[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrain