如何攻克GMAT逻辑boldface题型.docx

如何攻克GMAT逻辑boldface题型.docx

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如何攻克GMAT逻辑boldface题型

逻辑Boldface练习题与方法总结

ByAnchoret

很多朋友提出由于手头上的复习资料大多为笔考材料，缺乏新题型的练习，特别是逻辑中的Boldface题，只有OfficialGuide中的205题这一题，由此我们就希望能为大家提供多些Boldface练习题。

感谢liu9903提供的这9道题目，真诚希望这些题目对即将考试的朋友能有所帮助。

另外还要感谢qxz9524为我们提供的一些关于作Boldface题的总结。

8/29/2003

欢迎转载，转载请于醒目位置注明来源于ChaseD。

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1.Modernnavigationsystems,whicharefoundinmostoftoday’scommercialaircraft,aremadewithlow-powercircuitry,whichismoresusceptibletointerferencethanthevacuum-tubecircuitryfoundinolderplanes.Duringlanding,navigationsystemsreceiveradiosignalsfromtheairporttoguidetheplanetotherunway.Recently,oneplanewithlow-powercircuitryveeredoffcourseduringlanding,itsdialsdimming,whenapassengerturnedonalaptopcomputer.Clearly,modernaircraftnavigationsystemsarebeingputatriskbytheelectronicdevicesthatpassengerscarryonboard,suchascassetteplayersandlaptopcomputers.E

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisaprinciplethattheargumentreliesonandthesecondisaconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthefirst.

（B）Thefirstisafactthatargumentreliesonandthesecondisaconclusionthatmustbedrawnfromthisargument.

（C）Thefirstacknowledgesaconsiderationthatsupportsthatmainposition;thesecondisthatconclusion.

（D）Thefirstisanevidencethatsupportstheconclusion,thesecondisthatconclusion.

（E）Thefirstisaprinciplethatisnecessaryforthisargument,thesecondisaconclusionthatcouldbedrawnfromthisargument.

2.Adouble-blindstudy,inwhichneitherthepatientnortheprimaryresearcherknowswhetherthepatientisbeinggiventhedrugbeingtestedoraplacebo,isthemosteffectiveprocedurefortestingtheefficacyofadrug.Butwewillnotbeabletoperformsuchastudyonthisnewdrug,sincethedrugwillhavevariouseffectsonthepatients’bodies,whichwillmakeusawareofwhetherthepatientsaregettingthedrugoraplacebo.B

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisageneralconsiderationthatintroducestheargument;thesecondisaspecialsituationthatweighsagainstthefirst.

（B）Thefirstisageneralprinciplethatisnecessaryforthisargument;thesecondisananti-considerationthattheargumentincludes.

（C）Thefirstisapremisethatthisargumentincludes;thesecondisamainideathatcanbedrawnfromthisargument.

（D）Thefirstisanevidencethatthisargumentincludes;thesecondisaconclusionthatcannotbedrawnfromthisargument.

（E）Thefirstisageneralsituationthatsupportsthisargument;thesecondisaconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromaspecialfact.

3.Theinterstitialnucleus,asub-regionofthebrain’shypothalamus,istypicallysmallerformalecatsthanforfemalecats.AneurobiologistperformedautopsiesonmalecatswhodiedfromdiseaseX,adiseaseaffectingnomorethan0.5percentofmalecats,andfoundthatthesemalecatshadinterstitialnucleithatwereaslargeasthosegenerallyfoundinfemalecats.Thus,thesizeoftheinterstitialnucleusdetermineswhetherornotmalecatscancontractdiseaseX,but,thehypothalamusisknownnottobecausallylinkedtodiseaseY,anddiseaseXisasubtypeofdiseaseY.

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisafactinsupportoftheconsiderationthatisoneoftwopointsofthisargument;thesecondisthealternativepointthatweighsagainstthefirst.

（B）Thefirstisanevidencethatsupportstheconsiderationthattheargumentincludes;thesecondisthefactthatweighsagainstthatconsiderationthatcouldbedrawnfromthefirst.

（C）Thefirstisageneralprinciplethatisagainsttheconclusion;thesecondisthatconclusion.

（D）Thefirstisanevidencethatsupportstheconclusion;thesecondisanexceptionalexample.

（E）Thefirstisafactinsupportoftheconclusionthattheargumentdependson;thesecondisafactthatisagainstthefirstone.

4.Moreandmorecomputerprogramsthatprovidesolutionstomathematicalproblemsinengineeringarebeingproduced,anditisthusincreasinglyunnecessaryforpracticingengineerstohaveathoroughunderstandingoffundamentalmathematicalprinciples.Consequently,intrainingengineerswhowillworkinindustry,lessemphasisshouldbeplacedonmathematicalprinciples,sothatspaceintheengineeringcurriculumwillbeavailableforotherimportantsubjects.E

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisthesecond-premisethattheargumentincludes;thesecondistheconclusionthatcouldbedrawnfromthispassage.

（B）Thefirstisthefactthatisnecessaryforthisargument;thesecondistheconclusionthatmustbedrawnfromthispassage.

（C）Thefirstisthepartofpremisethattheargumentincludes;thesecondistheinferencethatcouldbedrawnfromthispassage.

（D）Thefirstisthepartofevidencethatsupportsthisargument;thesecondistheinferencethatcouldbedrawnfromthispassage.

（E）Thefirstisthefirstconclusioninthisargument;thesecondisthesecondconclusioninthisargument.

5.Gasoline-poweredboatenginesmanufacturedintheaNorthAmericancountrypriorto1990contributesignificantlytothepollutionfoundintheworld’soceans.In1990,however,thegovernmentimposedstricterpollutioncontrolsongasolineenginesmanufacturedforboats,andbeginningin1995,thegovernmentimposedaprogramofinspectionsforpre-1990boatengineswithincreasinglyrigorouspollutionstandards.Astheolderboatenginesfailtopassinspection,boatownersareincreasinglyretiringtheiroldenginesinfavorofnewer,less-pollutingboatengines.Asaresult,theamountofpollutiontheseolderboatenginesemitintotheworld’soceanswillsteadilydecreaseoverthenextenyears.

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisapatternofcauseandeffectthatactsasanevidenceinsupportofthisargument;thesecondistheconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthisargument.

（B）Thefirstisafactthatactsasaprincipleinsupportofthisargument;thesecondistheconclusionthatmustbedrawnfromthisargument.

（C）Thefirstisapatternofcauseandeffectthatactsasanspecialevidenceinsupportoftheconclusion;thesecondisageneralpointthatcanbedrawnfromthisargument.

（D）Thefirstisapatternofcauseandeffectthatactsasthethirdevidenceinsupportoftheargument;thesecondisaconclusionthatmustbetrue.

（E）Thefirstisafinalevidenceinsupportoftheargument;thesecondisaconclusionthatcanbedrawnonlyfromthefirst.

6.Plantsthatexhibitcertainleafdiseasestendtomeasureextremelyhighintheamountofzincintheirleafandstemtissue.Botanistshavediscoveredthatphosphorusofthetypetypicallyusedinaphosphorus-highfertilizerreactswiththezincinsuchawayastopreventtreatedplantsfromexhibitingtheleafdiseases,andzincisthecauseandnotmerelyaneffectoftheleafdiseases.Thus,plantscanbecuredfromtheseleafdiseasesbytheuseofafertilizerhighinphosphorus.

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisthefirst-premisethattheargumentincludes;thesecondisthesecond-premisethatisinsupportofthisargument.

（B）Thefirstisthebackgroundthattheargumentincludes;thesecondisthepartofevidenceinsupportofthisargument.

（C）Thefirstisthefirst-premisethattheargumentincludes;thesecondistheconsiderationthatisinsupportofthefirst.

（D）Thefirstisthepremisethatsupportstheevidence;thesecondisthatevidence.

（E）Thefirstisthefirst-premisethattheargumentincludes;thesecondisthesecond-premisethatiscomplementarytootherevidence.

7.TobeacceptedasamemberattheBrownCountryClub,onemusthaveanetworthofovertenmilliondollarsandmustnothaveanyconnectionstotheentertainmentindustry.RobertChase,thepublishingmagnate,hasanetworthof5billiondollarsandchasehasnotfinancedanyHollywoodmovies,sohemustbeacceptedasamemberattheBrownCountryClub.A

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisthepartofevidenceinsupportofthisargument;thesecondistheconclusionthatcouldnotbedrawnfromallevidencethattheargumentcontains.

（B）Thefirstisthefirst-evidencethatsupportsthisargument;thesecondisthemainpointthatmustbedrawnfromallevidencethattheargumentincludes.

（C）Thefirstistheonefactoftwothatargumentincludes;thesecondistheconclusionthatcouldbedrawnfromthispassage.

（D）Thefirstisthebackgroundthatisnecessaryforthisargument;thesecondistheconclusionthatisnotdrawnonlyfromthefirst.

（E）Thefirstisthecausethattheargumentincludes;thesecondistheeffectthatcanbedrawnonlyfromthiscause.

8.Thesurvivalofthepublishingindustrydependsupontheexistenceofapublicwhowillbuytheprintedwordintheformofnewspapers,booksandmagazines.Overthepastseveralyears,however,theadvanceofelectronicmedia,particularlyCD-ROMs,onlinecomputerservices,andtheInternet,hasmade9informationavailabletothepublicelectronicallywithouttheneedforprintedmaterials.Astheavailabilityofelectronicmediaincreasesandasitismoreeasilyaccessible,thepublichaslessneedforprintedmaterials.Sothepublishingindustryisthreatenedbytheadvanceofthecomputerinformationage.D

Thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

（A）Thefirstisthepartofevidencethattheargument