英语四级 5套模拟题.docx
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英语四级5套模拟题
模拟题一
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic:
ONE–OFFCHOPSTICKS.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐,你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。
2.餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源,并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒;
3.你对此事的看法和采取的做法。
One-offChopsticks
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上。
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
考试就注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
PlasticBagPollution
Theuseofplasticbagshasincreasedatanalarmingratesincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s.Bigblackbinliners,plasticcarrierbagscarryingadvertisinglogos,clearsandwichbagsandavarietyofotherforms.They’relightweight,handyandeasilydiscarded.Tooeasilydiscarded.Justtakealookaroundyou.Plasticbagscanbeseenhangingfromthebranches,flyingintheair,settledamongstbushes,andfloatingonrivers.Theyblockupdrainscausingwaterandsewagetooverflowandbecomethebreedinggroundsofbacteriathatcausediseases.
Plasticbagsaredifficultandcostlytorecycleandmostenduponlandfillsiteswheretheytakearound300yearstodecay.Theybreakdownintotinytoxicparticlesthatpollutethesoilandwaterwaysandenterthefoodchainwhenanimalsaccidentallyconsumethem.Buttheproblemssurroundingwasteplasticbagsstartlongbeforetheydecay.Ourplanetisbecomingincreasinglyendangeredbyourover-useofplasticbags.
ProductionofPlasticBags
Plasticbagsaremadefromethylene(乙烯),agasthatisproducedasaby-productofoil,gasandcoalproduction.Ethyleneismadeintopolymers(聚合体)—chainsofethylenemolecules—calledpolyethylene.Thissubstance,alsoknownaspolythene,isusedtoproducearangeofitems,includingplasticbags.
Youhaveprobablynoticedtwotypesofplasticshoppingbags—thelighter,filmybagsyougetfromsupermarketsandfoodoutlets,andtheheavierbagsfromotherretailoutlets,likeclothingstores.Thesupermarketbagsaremadefromhighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE),whilethethickerbagsaremadefromlowdensitypolyethylene(LDPE).UnlikeHDPE,LDPEcannotberecycled.Whileplasticbagsmaynotbethemosthightechapplicationofplasticstechnology,itiscertainlyoneofthemostprevalent.AccordingtoCleanUpAustralia,Australiansuseinexcessof6billionplasticbagsperyear.Iftiedtogetherthesebagswouldformachainthatislongenoughtogoaroundtheworld37times.Morethanhalfofthesebags(3.6billion)aremadefromHDPE.
DangerstoSeaLife
Plasticbagsarenowamongstthetop12itemsofwastemostoftenfoundalongthecoastlines.Animalsandseacreaturesarehurtandkilledeverydaybydiscardedplasticbags—adeadturtlewithaplasticbaghangingfromitsmouthisn’tapleasantsightbutmistakingplasticbagsforfoodiscommonplaceamongstmarineanimals.Plasticblockstheirintestines(肠道)andleadstoslowstarvation.Othersbecomeentangledinplasticbagsanddrown.
Becauseplasticbagstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,everyyearourseasbecome“home”tomoreandmorebagsthatfindtheirwaytherethroughoursewersandwaterways.Everybagthat’swasheddownadrainduringrainfallendsupinthesea;everybagthat’sflusheddownatoiletendsupinthesea;everybagthat’sblownintoariverwillmostlikelyendupinthesea.Onedisquietingfactstemmingfromthisisthatplasticbagscanbecomeserialkillers.Onceananimaldietofplasticbags,itdecaysatamuchfasterratethanthebag.Oncetheanimalhasdecomposed,thebagisreleasedbackintotheenvironmentmoreorlessintact,readytobeeatenbyanothermisguidedorganism.Theincrediblyslowrateofdecayofplasticbagsalsomeansthateachbagweusecompoundstheproblem,becausethebagssimplyaccumulate.
PollutionTaxes&Bans
Differentcountrieshaveadoptedarangeofapproachestodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagsinanattempttocutdownonthenumberofbagsfindingtheirwayintotheenvironment.InSouthAfricaforinstance,whereanestimatedeightbillionplasticbagsareusedannually,thegovernmenthasimplementednewregulationsthatwillseeonlythicker,moredurableplasticbagsproduced.Aswellasmakingthemmoresuitableforreuse,itishopedthattheextracostassociatedwiththeirproductionandsupplywillpreventretailersgivingthehigherqualitybagsaway,makingtheiruseamoreexpensiveoptionforconsumers.
TheuseofplasticbagsisbeingdiscouragedinotherplacessuchasSingaporeandTainwan,whilethetaximposedontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsinIrelandhasresultedintheuseofplasticshoppingbagsbeingreducedby90%injustsixmonths.Priortothe15eurocentperbagtax,itwasestimatedthat1.2millionplasticshoppingbagswerebeinghandedoutinIrelandperyear.Themoneyraisedfromthetaxwillbeusedtofundenvironmentalinitiatives.
Whileanythingthatlowersourconsumptionisgood,whywaituntilwe’rehitfinanciallybeforewechangeourhabitswhenchangesaren’tdifficulttomake?
Howabouttakingpreviouslyusedbagswithyounexttimeyougototheshops?
Orevenbetter—turnbacktimeanddoasgrandmadidandtakeabamboobasketwithyoueverytimeyougoshopping.Shop-ownerswouldratheryouusetheirbagsasthey’reaconvenientandcheapformofadvertising,butwhat’smoreimportant,shareholderprofitsortheenvironment?
Plasticbagscanbere-cycledalthoughonlyaboutoneinevery200everfindsitswaytoarecyclingunit.Findoutifthere’sare-cyclingbinnearyouand,ifnot,askyourlocalauthorityforone.
GreenhouseGases
Somecountrieshaveintroducedsocalled“environmentallyfriendlyplasticbags”thatarebiodegradable(可生物降解).Thesebagstakeaboutthreeyearstobreakdownintopracticallynothingandwhilethatsoundslikeanattractivesolution,thetruthisthattheprocessofbreakingdownthesepetrol-basedbagscausescarbontobecomemethane(甲烷)whichisagreenhousegas.
It’salsopossibletoget“plastic”bagsmanufacturedfromcorn.Thesebreakdownveryquicklyandgiveoffnomoremethanethananothercornproductonlandfillsites.Unfortunately,they’remoreexpensivetoproduceandfewshopsusethem.
GarbageBins
Onequestionthat’softenraisedinconnectionwiththeplasticbagdilemmaiswhatshouldbeusedtolinebinsifnotplasticbags?
Toanswerthat,let’sgobackintimetowhenplasticbagswereyettobecomecommonplace.Whatdidwedo?
Forone,wehadfarlessgarbage.Goodshadmuchlesspackagingthanisthecasetodaysowedidn’tfillourbinsasquickly.Peelings,eggshells,teabagsandcoffeegroundswereallusedascompost(肥料)forcrops,aswasanypaperthatwasn’tneededforlightingfires.Whatwasleftwentintoanunlinedbinwithanythingdirtyorwetbeingwrappedinnewspaperfirst.
Ifwechoosecarefullywhenshoppingsoasnottobringhomemorepackagingthannecessary—there’sreallynopointinbringithomejusttothrowitstraightinthebinwhenweunpack,theamountofwastethatgoesintothekitchenbinwillbehalved,atleast.
IndividualEffort
Byrefusingtouseplasticbags,youcanmakeahugedifferencetothepollutionproblem.Rememberthateachpersonusesabout83bagsayear.Iftherearefourpeopleinyourfamily,that’s332plasticbagslesseveryyear.That’s332bagslessthatwill:
—releasetoxinsintothegroundwaterfromlandfillsites
—stayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears
—getintothefoodchainthroughanimals
—wasteenergyduringthemanufacturingprocess
—killanyoftheestimated100,000marineanimalsthatdieeachyearofplasticpollution
Theseareall-importantfactorsthathaveaprofoundaffectonourenvironmentandthecreaturesweshareourplanetwith.Shouldwereallyputourownselfishneedsbeforetheneedsofeverythingaroundusnowandthelivesoffuturegenerations?
That’suptoyoutodecide.
1.Manythick,clothing-carryingplasticbags,madefrom________,canhardlyberecycled.
A.highdensitypolyethyleneB.lowdensitypolyethylene
C.oilandcoalD.gasandcola
2.Theannualuseofplasticbagsin________exceeds6billion.
A.SingaporeB.AustraliaC.IrelandD.Taiwan
3.Plasticbagscanbecomeahorribleserialkillerbecauseof________.
A.theirtoxicparticlesB.theirlightweight
C.theirincrediblyslowrateofdecayD.theiroverusebypeople
4.InSouthAfrica,inlinewithanewgovernmentregulation,________willbebannedfromproduction.
A.thicker,moredurableplasticbagsB.plasticbagssuitableforreuse
C.thinner,short-livingplasticbagsD.thicker,higher-qualityplasticbags
5.________,thoughfriendlytotheenvironment,costtoomuchinmanufacturetowidelyused.
A.ThepetrolbasedbagsB.Themethane-releasingbags
C.Thecarbon-releasingbagsD.hecorn-basedbags
6.Whatisbotheringpeopleinconnectionwithplasticbagdilemma?
A.Thequestionofwhatshouldbeusedtoreplaceplasticbagsasgarbagebinliners.
B.Thefactthatonlyoneinevery200plasticbagsendupbeingrecycled.
C.Theincreasingamountofgarbage.
D.Thehighcostinvolvedinproducingenvironmentallyfriendlybags.
7.It’sestimatedthateveryyearabout________arekilledbydiscardedplasticbags.
A.10,000animalsB.100,000seaanimals
C.100,000landanimalsD.10,000wildlife
8.Thefinaldestinationofmanycarelesslydiscardedplasticbagsis____________________.
9.