土木工程英语翻译(英汉).docx

土木工程英语翻译(英汉).docx

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Human-StructureDynamicInteractioninCivil

EngineeringDynamics:

ALiteratureReview

ABSTRACT

Thispaperreviewsmorethan130piecesofessentialliteraturepertinenttotheproblemofhuman-structuredynamicinteractionapplicabletothedesignofcivilengineeringstructures.Thisinteractiontypicallyoccursinslenderstructuresoccupiedanddynamicallyexcitedbyhumansbywalking,running,jumpingandsimilaractivities.Thepaperfirstlyreviewstheliteraturedealingwiththeeffectsofstructuralmovementonhuman-induceddynamicforces.Thisisthefirstoftwoaspectsofhuman-structuredynamicinteraction.Theliteraturedealingwiththisaspectisfoundtobequitelimited,butconclusiveinstatingthatstructuralmovementcanaffectthehuman-induceddynamicforces–significantlyinsomecases.Thesecondaspectconsideredishowhumanoccupantsinfluencethedynamicproperties（mass,stiffnessanddamping）ofthestructurestheyoccupy.Thebodyofliteraturedealingwiththisissueisfoundtobeconsiderablylarger.Thepublishedliteraturedemonstratesbeyondanydoubtthathumanspresentonstructuresshouldnotbemodeledjustasadditionalmass,whichisacommonapproachincontemporarycivilengineeringdesign.Instead,humanspresentonstructuresactasdynamicspring-mass-dampersystemsinteractingwiththestructuretheyoccupy.Thelevelofthisinteractionisdifficulttopredictanddependsonmanyfactors,includingthenaturalfrequencyoftheemptystructure,thepostureandtypeofhumanactivity,andinthecaseofassemblystructures,relativesizeofthecrowdcomparedwiththesizeofthestructure.Oneofthereasonsfortheexistenceofmorepapersinthisareaisthepublishedbiodynamicalresearchintothemass-spring-damperpropertiesofhumanbodiesapplicabletothemechanicalandaerospaceengineeringdisciplines.Itshouldbestressedthatresultsfromthisresearchareoflimitedvaluetocivilengineeringapplications.Thisisbecausehumanbodiesare,inprinciple,non-linearwithamplitude-dependentdynamicproperties.Levelsofvibrationwhenexperimentallydeterminingmass-spring-damperpropertiesofhumanbodiesinbiodynamicalresearchareusuallyconsiderablyhigherthanthoseexperiencedincivilengineeringapplications.

KEYWORDS

literaturereview,human-structureinteraction,dynamicoccupantmodels,civilengineering

1.INTRODUCTION

Incivilengineeringdynamics,human-inducedvibrationsareanincreasinglyimportantserviceabilityandsafetyissue.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingnumberofproblemsrelatedtohuman-inducedvibrationsoffloors,footbridges,assemblystructuresandstairs.Human-structureinteractionisanimportantbutrelativelynewconsiderationwhendesigningslenderstructuresoccupiedanddynamicallyexcitedbyhumans（EllisandJi,1997）.

Human-structureinteractionisacomplex,inter-disciplinaryandlittleresearchedissue.Tosummariestheexistingknowledge,thispaperreviewstwokeyareasofhuman-structureinteraction:

（1）howstructuralvibrationscaninfluenceforcesinducedbyhumanoccupants

（2）howhumanoccupantsinfluencethedynamicpropertiesofcivilengineeringstructures

Focusingmoreonthelatterissueandlimitingittopassivesittingorstandingpeople,biomechanicsresearchandmodelsofthehumanwhole-bodyarethenreviewed（section4）.Furthermore,investigationsanalyzingandmodelinghumanoccupantsoncivilengineeringstructuresarepresented（section5）.Next,researchintothepotentialofhumanoccupantstoabsorbvibrationenergyisreviewedand,finally,conclusionsarepresented

2.EFFECTSOFHUMAN-STRUCTUREINTERACTIONONHUMAN-INDUCEDFORCES

Humanoccupantscaninducedynamicforcesoncivilengineeringstructuresbyvariousactivitiessuchaswalking,jumping,dancing,orhandclapping.Researchintoquantifyingsuchhuman-inducedforceshasbeenongoingformanydecades（Tilden,1913;ASA,1932;GalbraithandBarton,1970;Nilsson,1976;Matsumotoetal.,1978;Wyatt,1985）.

Sinceabout1980,experimentallyestablishedhuman-inducedforcetimehistorieshaveusuallybeenapproximatedbyFourierseries.Thereby,thecommonkeyassumptionisthatthehuman-inducedforcesareperfectlyperiodic.ThefactorscorrespondingtoeachsinusoidalcomponentofthisFourierseriesarenameddynamicloadfactors（DLFs）andarereportedinanumberofpublications（Pernica,1990;Bachmannetal.,1995;Kerr,1998）.However,assuminghuman-inducedforcesasperfectlyperiodicisquestionablebecausetheyareinessencenarrow-band（Eriksson,1994）.Analternativeapproachistodefinehuman-inducedforcesasauto-spectraldensity（ASD）functions（McConnell,1995）inthefrequencydomain（Ohlsson,1982;TuanandSaul,1985;MouringandEllingwood,1994;Eriksson,1994）.

Dynamicforcesinducedbycrowdsareanissueofgreatconcern（Kasperski,2001）,ascanbe