最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题五动词时态和语态常考点.docx

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最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题五动词时态和语态常考点.docx

最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题五动词时态和语态常考点

专题五 动词时态和语态常考点

在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。

要了解几种时态的一些常规规则,答题时要研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

时态

主动语态形式

被动语态形式

一般现在时

am/is/are/do/does

am/is/aredone

一般过去时

was/were/did

was/weredone

现在完成时

has/havedone

has/havebeendone

现在完成进行时

has/havebeendoing

/

现在进行时

am/is/aredoing

am/is/arebeingdone

过去进行时

was/weredoing

was/werebeingdone

过去完成时

haddone

hadbeendone

将来完成时

will/shallhavedone

will/shallhavebeendone

一般将来时

will/shalldo

am/is/aregoingtodo

am/is/arecoming/leaving

am/is/aretodo

am/is/areabouttodo

will/shallbedone

am/is/aretobedone

过去将来时

woulddo

wasgoingtodo

wascoming/leaving

wastodo

wasabouttodo

wouldbedone

was/weretobedone

将来进行时

will/shallbedoing

/

  一般现在时

一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来;表示预计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且全部倒装时,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①I'llgothereafterI________(finish)mywork.

②Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures________(take).

③Mytrain________(leave)at6:

30.

④Asnow________(expect)tocomenextweek.

⑤Onthewall________(hang)apicture.

⑥Thiskindofcloth________(wash)well.

⑦Don'ttakeitaway.It________(belong)tome.

⑧Hesaidwater________(boil)at100℃.

【答案】①finish ②aretaken ③leaves ④isexpected ⑤hangs ⑥washes ⑦belongs ⑧boils

  一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时(标志词:

yesterday,justnow,lastyear,theotherday等)表示动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系。

现在完成时(标志词:

since,inthepast/lastyears,just,recent(ly),lately,sofar=uptonow=upuntilnow=bynow,already,yet,several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。

请区别下列几组句子:

①HehaslivedinLondonforthreeyears.(现在还住在伦敦)

HelivedinLondonforthreeyears.(现在不在伦敦了)

②It'stwoyearssincehesmoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)

It'stwoyearssincehebegantosmoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)

③Thisisthefirst/second/...time(that)Ihave_visitedtheschool.

Thiswasthefirst/second/...timeIhad_visitedtheschool.

④Hewaswritingabooklastyear.(去年他在写一本书)

Hewroteabooklastyear.(去年他写了一本书)

⑤IthoughthewasanAmerican.(我原以为他是美国人)

IthinkheisanAmerican.(我想他是美国人)

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①—Ihaven'tseenyouforages.Haven'tyougraduatedfromcollege?

—Yes.I________(study)EnglishforfouryearsinNanjingUniversity.

②Where________you________(put)mybook?

Ican'tfinditanywhere.

③Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he________(notleave)usmuchimpression.

④Mybrotherisanactor.He________(appear)inseveralfilmsinthepastfewyears.

⑤—LiPinmaynotcometonight.

—Buthe________(promise).

【答案】①studied ②have;put ③hasn'tleft ④hasappeared ⑤promised

  过去完成时和将来完成时

过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去,而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。

常用的时间状语有:

bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,before2000,bythetime,hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和nosooner...than...

[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达:

①Ihadhoped/expected/meant/intended/...todo...,but...

=Ihoped/expected/...tohavedone...,but...

=Iwouldlike/lovetohavedone...,but...

=Iwastohavedone...,but...

=Iwasgoingtodo...,but...

=Iwouldhavedone...,but...

②Iwascoming/leaving/arriving/...,but...

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。

如:

Theywillhavecompletedtheprojectbytheendofnextyear.

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①Helen________(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________(come)home.

②I________(hope)tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.

③Bythetimehe________(return)home,theworkhadbeenfinished.

Bythetimehereturnshome,thework____________(finish).

④WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid-July,andbythenwe____________(walk)forsixweeks.

【答案】①hadleft;came ②hadhoped ③returned;willhavebeenfinished ④willhavewalked

  现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时和将来进行时

现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况,计划、安排要做的事,还可以表示反复出现的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always,continually,constantly连用;

过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,还可以表示过去的将来动作;

现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性,还可以表示感情色彩;

将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?

—Notyet.Therooms____________(paint).

②Myfather________(fall)whilehe________(ride)hisbicycleand________(hurt)himself.

③—Whyarehereyesred?

—She____________(cry).

④He____________(fly)overtheAtlanticatthistimetomorrow.

⑤You________always________(watch)TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?

⑥—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?

—No,butwe________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.

【答案】①arebeingpainted ②fell;wasriding;hurt ③hasbeencrying ④willbeflying ⑤are;watching ⑥havebeentrying

  一般将来时

注意区别willdo,begoingtodo,beabouttodo,bedoing,betodo:

①willdo表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势,此外,还表示临时决定;

②begoingtodo表示计划、打算要做某事,还表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推断;

③beabouttodo表示立即的将来,因此,不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用;

④有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin等,其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态;

⑤betodo表示按计划或安排要做的事,意为“应该;想,打算;注定会”。

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyoursafetybelt.Theplane________(take)off.

②Lookatthetimetable.Flight4026________(take)offat18:

20.

③Ifyou____________(succeed),youshouldworkhard.

④Lookatthedarkclouds.It____________(rain).

⑤—Thelightisstillon.

—Sorry.I________(go)andturnitoff.

【答案】①istaking ②takes ③aretosucceed ④isgoingtorain ⑤willgo

  get+过去分词

“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①Thepatient________(treat)onceaweek.

②Hefelloffthebuildingand________(kill).

【答案】①getstreated/istreated ②gotkilled/waskilled

  主动形式表示被动意义

需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况:

①当系动词feel,look,smell,taste,sound,prove,remain,stay等后面接形容词时;

②当cut,read,sell,wear,write等词有状语easily,well等修饰时;

③measure,weigh,addupto后接数字时;

④在“be+形容词+todo”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动形式表示被动意义。

如:

Theproblemiseasytosolve.

⑤need,want,require,deserve后接动名词主动形式,相当于tobedone。

如:

Thewatchneedsrepairing.

Hedeservespraising.

⑥beworth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。

如:

Thebookiswellworthbuying.

⑦固定短语betoblame,betolet。

①Thewater________coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.

A.wasfeltB.wastofeel

C.feltD.wastobefelt

②Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho________forthespoiledchild.

A.istoblame

B.isgoingtoblame

C.istobeblamed

D.shouldblame

③Doctorsandmedicalsupplies________tothesceneoftheaccidentsoonafterthecoalmineexplosion.

A.hadrushedB.wererushed

C.wererushingD.rushed

④Themomentthe28thOlympicGames________open,thewholeworldcheered.

A.declared

B.havebeendeclared

C.havedeclared

D.weredeclared

⑤—Whydidyouleavethatposition?

—I________abetterpositionatIBM.

A.offerB.offered

C.amofferedD.wasoffered

⑥—Howaretheteamplaying?

—Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem________hurt.

A.gotB.gets

C.wereD.is

⑦IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI________thecloth________well.

A.havetold;washes

B.havebeentold;washes

C.wastold;waswashed

D.havebeentold;iswashed

【答案】①C ②A ③B ④D ⑤D ⑥A ⑦B

  感官动词和使役动词的被动语态

感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形,改成被动语态时要加to。

将下列句子改为被动语态:

①Isawhimfalldown.

Hewasseen____________.

②Imadehimwashthedishes.

Hewasmade____________.

【答案】①tofalldown ②towashthedishes

  “据说/据报道/……”的表达

Somebodyis(was)said/reported/believed/thought/knownto...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。

此时,动词不定式有三种形式,即todo,tobedoing和tohavedone。

到底用哪种形式,可用下面的方法来辨别:

把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较:

动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生:

用tohavedone;

动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生:

用tobedoing;

动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性:

用todo。

①Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.

A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbed

C.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed

②WangMingissaid________abroad,butIamnotsurewhichcountryitwas.

A.tostudyB.tohavestudied

C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

③Lindaisthought________inAfrica,butIreallydon'tknowwhatcountryshe'sworkingin.

A.tohaveworkedB.towork

C.tobeworkingD.working

【答案】①C ②B ③C

  不用被动语态的动词或动词短语

appear,disappear,occur,benefit,end,begin,happen,last,spread,breakout,takeplace,belongto,comeabout,sufferfrom等。

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①Theplacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding____________(remain)now.

②Themedicine____________(prove)vitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain.

【答案】①remains ②hasproved

1.(2014·湖南卷)Wheneveryou________apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver'spointofview.

A.bought

B.havebought

C.willbuy

D.buy

2.(2014·江西卷)—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?

—I________uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.

A.cutB.wascutting

C.hadcutD.havebeencutting

3.(2014·江苏卷)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?

—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.

A.coverB.willcover

C.havecoveredD.covered

4.(2014·重庆卷)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe________untilyesterday.

A.willcomeB.wascoming

C.hadcomeD.came

5.(2014·重庆卷)You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou________it.

A.forgetB.areforgetting

C.forgotD.willforget

6.(2013·浙江卷)Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogrammes________sharply.

A.wasincreasing

B.hasincreased

C.hadincreased

D.willbeincreasing

7.(2013·江苏卷)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?

—Sure.I________areportathome.

A.willbewriting

B.willhavewritten

C.havewritten

D.havebeenwriting

8.(2013·山东卷)Ididn'tthinkI'dlikethemovie,butactuallyit________prettygood.

A.hasbeenB.was

C.hadbeenD.wouldbe

9.(2013·江西卷)I________tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.

A.comeB.came

C.amcomingD.wascoming

10.(2012·江苏卷)ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe________someEuropeanbusinesspartners.

A.wouldme

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