职业挑战的教育和培训体系外文翻译.docx

职业挑战的教育和培训体系外文翻译.docx

《职业挑战的教育和培训体系外文翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职业挑战的教育和培训体系外文翻译.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

职业挑战的教育和培训体系外文翻译

原文：

Employability:

ChallengesforEducationandTrainingSystems

ElenaArjonaPerez,ChristelleGarrouste,andKorneliaKozovska

Abstract.Therecentcrisishastakenitstollintermsofunemployment,especiallyamongyoungpeople.ThishasrevivedthedebateonthecontributionofEducationandTraining（E&T）systemstotheemployabilityofyounggraduates.AtEuropeanpolicylevel,thereisagrowinginterestincreatingincentivesforreformingE&Tsystemssoastomakethemmoreresponsivetofuturelabourmarketneedsandshorttermadverselabourmarketconditions.OneofthemainchallengesisfindingvalidmeasuresforevaluatingthecontributionofE&Tsystemstoemployability,takingintoaccounttheirdiversitywithintheEuropeanUnion.Thispaperpresentsanoperationalframeworkofanalysisforemployabilityanddiscussessomeofthemostimportantchallengesrelatedtothemultidimensionalnatureoftheemployabilityconcept,thelackofdataforcross-countrycomparisonandthedifficultyofdisentanglingtheroleofeducationandtrainingsystemsfromotherfactorsinevaluatinglabourmarketoutcomes.

Keywords:

Employability,EuropeanEducationandTrainingSystems,young

graduates,school-to-worktransition.

1Introduction

EmployabilityisthetargetofseveralEuropeanpoliciese.g.,theMobilityandLifelongLearninginitiatives1aswellastheCopenhagenProcess（onVocationalEducationandTraining,VET）.Theyincludeforinstanceinitiativesformutualrecognitionofqualifications,diplomasandstudyabroadperiods.WithintheBolognaProcess,enhancingemployabilityhasbeenoneofthemaingoalstobeachievedwiththecreationoftheEuropeanHigherEducationAreaasstatedintheBolognaProcess2007LondonCommuniqué.AspecialBolognaFollow-upWorkingGrouponEmployabilitywasset

upin2007.Theimportanceofemploymentwasstrengthenedinthere-launchoftheLisbonagenda,highlightingthecontributionofeducation.PoliciesrelatedtoFlexicurity（EuropeanCommission,2007）andtheSocialinclusionprocess,havealsopaidspecialattentiontoemployability.Withintheframeworkofthe2008NewSkillsforNewJobsstrategy,theCouncilConclusionsemphasizetheroleofeducationandtrainingforpromotingemployabilityandunderlinetheimportanceofmatchingidentifiedskillsneeds2.

Moroever,in2009theCouncilConclusionsonaStrategicFrameworkforEuropeancooperationinEducationandTraining（E&T）forthenextdecade（“ET2020”）putemployabilityforthefirsttimeasoneofthemaingoalsofE&Tsystems.It,furthermore,requestedtheEuropeanCommissiontosubmittotheCouncilaproposalforapossibleEuropeanbenchmarkmonitoringtheabilityofE&Tsystemstoenhanceemployabilityinordertomeetcurrentandfuturechallenges.FouroutoftheET2020fivebenchmarksadoptedbytheCounciltosupporttheET2020objectivesarealsodirectlyrelatedtoemployability（lifelonglearningparticipation,lowachieversinbasicskills,tertiarylevelattainmentandearlyleaversfromeducation）.

Theobjectiveofthispaperisthree-fold.ItaimsfirstatdiscussingsomeofthechallengesthatmakeemployabilityespeciallyrelevantasanaspectofincreasingimportanceinmeasuringthequalityofE&TsystemsinEurope.Second,itaimsatpresentinganoperationalframeworkofanalysisforemployability.Thirdandlast,itaimsatdiscussingsomeofthemostimportantchallengesrelatedtothemultidimensionalnatureoftheemployabilityconcept,thelackofdataforcross-countrycomparisonandthedifficultyofdisentanglingtheroleofeducationandtrainingsystemsfromotherfactorsinevaluatinglabourmarketoutcomes.

2CurrentandFutureChallenges

AsunderlinedbytheEU2020Strategy,thechangeinthedemographicsituationoftheEU,resultinginlowerproportionofyoungpeopleintheoverallpopulation,isexpectedtoresultinasubstantiallyreducedpotentialgrowthby2020.A2010reportoftheExpertGrouponNewSkillsforNewJobspointsoutthattheonlygrowthofthelabourforceisexpectedtobeamongstthoseagedover50（Cedefop,2010a）.Thesechangesinthestructureofthepopulationaresignificant,particularlygiven

theshortperiodconsidered.Theyhavetwoimportantimplications.Ontheonehand,itbecomesessentialtoensurethatyoungpeoplesuccessfullyandtimelyintegrateintothelabourmarket.E&Tsystemsareanimportantfactorinmakingthistransitionsuccessful.Ontheotherhand,E&Tsystemsshouldensurecontinuousre-trainingandlearningopportunitiesforthosealreadyinthelabourmarkettoenhancetheiradaptabilitytothechangingeconomiccircumstancesandmaintaintheiremployability.

Moreover,theeverincreasingimportanceofinnovationandtechnologicaladvancementputsastrongpressureontheskillssuppliedbyE&Tsystems.Studiesonskill-biasedtechnologicalchangeunderline