学年江苏省南京市秦淮区中华中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题解析版.docx

学年江苏省南京市秦淮区中华中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题解析版.docx

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学年江苏省南京市秦淮区中华中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题解析版

2020-2021学年中华中学高二下期中考试试题

第一部分听力:

略

第二部分阅读理解（共两小节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

WeunderstandthatinlightofthelatestgovernmentCORONAVIRUSTRAVELADVICE,yourtravelplanswillbechanging.Toreflectthis,someterms&conditionsforrefundingticketsorchangingjourneysaredifferenttousual.

RefundsonUnusedTicketsforTravel

•Youcanapplyforrefundsuptofourweeksfromthelastdaythattheticketwasvalid.

•UnusedAnytime,Off-PeakandSuperOff-Peakticketscanberefundedandaservicefeeapplies.Advanceticketsarenotrefundable.Alternatively,youcanchangeyourticketiotravelatalaterdate—See'ChangingTicketsorRequestingaTravelVoucher'below.

•PLEASENOTEthatifthetrainyouarebookedondocsnotranoriscanceledduetoirresistibleforces,refund：

willbemadeonALLTICKETSTYPESwithnoservicefee.

Ifyouareuncertainabouttravelling,youmaywishtoconsiderpurchasingamoreflexibleticket—suchasAnytimeorOff-Peak-fortravel.

ChangingTicketsorRequestingaTravelVoucher

•IfyouboughtanAdvanceticketbeforetheNationalLockdownwasannouncedon4lhJanuaryandwillnolongerbetravelling,youshouldapplyforatravelvoucherorrescheduleyourjourneyfreeofcharge.Youneedtodothisbeloreyourfirsttraindepartsandpaythedifferenceifyournewticketismoreexpensive.PleasenoteyouwillnotbeentitledtoatravelvoucherifyourAdvanceticketwaspurchasedafter4lhJan.Speaktotheoriginalretailerofyourticketforadvice.

•Anytime,Off-PeakandSuperOff-PeakticketsaremoreflexibleandcanbechangedanytimebeforeyoutravelThereisnofeetochangethesetickets.youwillonlyneedtopayanydifferenceinfare.

RefundingSeasonTickets

•Unexpired（未逾期的）SeasonTicketscanbesubmittedforrefundatanytimeandtraincompaniescalculatehowmuchisrefundedbybowmuchvalueisleftonyourticket,theydothisbydeducting（扣除）thevalueofanyotherticketsyoucouldhavetravelledwithinthesamelimeuntilyoustoppedusingandreturnyourSeasonTicketRefundscanonlybebackdatedwithevidencethatillnesspreventedyoufromtravelling.（NationalRailConditionsofTravel.Condition40.4）.

•ToseehowmuchyoucouldgetbackfromyourSeasonTicket,trytheSeasonTicketRefundCalculatorbelow.Formoreinformation,includingifyourequirearefundduetosicknessthatpreventedyoufromusingaSeasonTicketseethelinkhere,

•Customerscanstillclaimrefundsremotelyonline,minimizingcontactbetweencustomersandstaffskeepingeveryonesafer.Pleaseseeyourretailer'swebsitefordetails.

TravellingonAnotherTrainCompany'sService

•Inareaswherethereiscancellation,traincompaniesmayagreeacceptanceofticketsroutedviaanothercompanyFormoredetails,pleasecontactyourrailserviceprovider.

1.Passengersareentitledtotheirmoneybackon________.

A.AnytimeticketscompletelyfreeofchargeB.Oil-Peakticketswithnorestrictions

C.AdvanceticketsfortheirtrainnotrunningD.SuperOff-Peaksthatwentinvalidforhalfayear

2.ASeasonticketholdsmorerefundablevalueonlywhen________.

A.traincompaniesrefusetocalculatethevaluethatisleftonit

B.youformallyapplytoceaseusingtheticketandhanditback

C.youusetheSeasonTicketRefundCalculatoronthewebsite

D.theproofisgiventhatyouwereunabletotravelduetoillness

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.

A.AdvanceticketspurchasedafterJan.4thcanalsoberescheduled

B.passengerswithafixedtimetableareadvisedtobuyAnytimetickets

C.saferapproachestorefundhavebeenintroducedtolimitphysicalcontact

D.servicefromanothertraincompanyisnotavailableifyourtraingetcancelled

【答案】1.C2.D3.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了在疫情期间退票或改程的一些条款和条件。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。

根据文章第三个黑点“•PLEASENOTEthatifthetrainyouarebookedondocsnotranoriscanceledduetoirresistibleforces,refund：

willbemadeonALLTICKETSTYPESwithnoservicefee.”（•请注意，如果您在单据上预订的列车没有运行或由于不可抗拒的力量而被取消，所有类型的车票都将获得退款，不收取服务费。

）可知，火车停运时，乘客有权凭预售票退票。

故选C项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。

根据倒数第四个黑点“Unexpired（未逾期的）SeasonTicketscanbesubmittedforrefundatanytimeandtraincompaniescalculatehowmuchisrefundedbybowmuchvalueisleftonyourticket,theydothisbydeducting（扣除）thevalueofanyotherticketsyoucouldhavetravelledwithinthesamelimeuntilyoustoppedusingandreturnyourSeason.Refundscanonlybebackdatedwithevidencethatillnesspreventedyoufromtravelling.（未到期的季票可以随时提交退款，火车公司通过你的车票上还剩多少钱计算退款多少，他们会扣除你在同一线路上可能使用的任何其他车票的价钱计算剩余的钱，直到你停止使用并退掉你的季票，只有有证据表明你因生病而不能旅行时，才能退钱。

）”可知，只有当你证明你因病不能旅行时，季票才有更多的可退还价值。

故选D项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。

根据倒数第二个黑点“Customerscanstillclaimrefundsremotelyonline,minimizingcontactbetweencustomersandstaffskeepingeveryonesafer.”（客户仍然可以远程在线申请退款，减少客户和员工之间的联系，确保每个人都更安全。

）可知，为了限制身体接触，已经引入了更安全的退款方法。

故选C项。

B

Attheageoftwelveyears,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeandstrength,anditsownerhisorherfullintelligence;butatthisagethelikelihoodofdeathisleast.Earlier,wewereinfantsandyoungchildren,andconsequentlymorevulnerable（易受伤害的）,later,weshallundergoaprogressivelossofourvigorandresistancewhich,thoughunnoticeableatfirst,willfinallybecomesosteepthatwecanlivenolonger,howeverwellwelookafterourselves,andhoweverwellsociety,andourdoctors,lookafterus.

Thisdeclineinvigorwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.Itisoneofthemostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthisway,thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseaseweshalleventually“dieofoldage”,andthatthishappensataratewhichdifferslittlefrompersontoperson,sothatthereareheavyoddsinfavorofourdyingbetweentheagesofsixty-fiveandeighty.Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.Butthechancesareagainstit,andthereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyandrobustweare.

Normalpeopletendtoforgetthisprocessunlessanduntiltheyareremindedofit.Wearesofamiliarwiththefactthatmaages,thatpeoplehaveforyearsassumedthattheprocessoflosingvigorwithtime,ofbecomingmorelikelytodietheolderweget,wassomethingself-evident,likethecoolingofahotkettleorthewearing-outofapairofshoes.Theyhavealsoassumedthatallanimals,andprobablyotherorganismssuchastrees,oreventheuniverseitself,mustinthenatureofthings“wearout”.

Mostanimalswecommonlyobservedoinfactageaswedo,ifgiventhechancetolivelongenough;andmechanicalsystemslikeawoundwatch,orthesun,doinfactrunoutofenergyinaccordancewiththesecondlawofthermodynamics（whetherthewholeuniversedoessoisamootpointatpresent）.Butthesearenotanalogous（类似的）towhathappenswhenmanages.Arun-downwatchisstillawatchandcanberewound.Anoldwatch,bycontrast,becomessowornandunreliablethatiteventuallyisnotworthmending.Butawatchcouldneverrepairitself—itdoesnotconsistoflivingparts,onlyofmetal,whichwearsawaybyfriction.Wecould,atonetime,repairourselves—wellenough,atleast,toovercomeallbutthemostinstantlyfatalillnessesandaccidents.Betweentwelveandeightyyearswegraduallylosethispower,anillnesswhichattwelvewouldknockusover,ateightycanknockusout,andintoourgrave.Ifwecouldstayasvigorousasweareattwelve,itwouldtakeabout700yearsforhalfofustodie,andanother700forthesurvivorstobereducedbyhalfagain.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.Ourfirsttwelveyearsrepresentthepeakofhumandevelopment.

B.Peopleusuallyareunhappywhenremindedofageing.

C.Normallyonlyafewofuscanlivetotheeightiesandnineties.

D.Peopleareusuallylesslikelytodieattwelveyearsold.

5.Theword“it”inthelastsentenceofParagraphTworefersto.

A.remainingaliveuntil65B.remainingaliveafter80

C.dyingbefore65orafter80D.dyingbetween65and80

6.Whatisageing?

A.Itisusuallyaphenomenonofdyingatanoldage.

B.Itisafactthatpeoplecannotliveanylonger.

C.Itisagraduallossofvigorandresistance.

D.Itisaphasewhenpeopleareeasilyattackedbyillness.

7.Whatdotheexamplesofwatchshow?

A.Normallypeoplearequitefamiliarwiththeageingprocess.

B.Allanimalsandotherorganismsundergotheageingprocess.

C.Thelawofthermodynamicsfunctionsintheageingprocess.

D.Human’sageingprocessisdifferentfromthatofmechanisms.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。

本文围绕“衰老”这一话题展开叙述。

指出了人体生命力变化的趋势，12岁最旺盛，人类的衰老不可抗拒，并且人类的衰老和机械装置的衰老过程有很大区别。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第一段的“Attheageoftwelveyears,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeandstrength,anditsownerhisorherfullintelligence”（人在十二岁的时候，身体最旺盛。

但它还没有达到最大和最强力量，还没有达到全部智力发展高峰。

）可知，人类的身体在12岁最旺盛，但并没有到达峰值。

A“我们的12岁代表了人类发展的峰值”不符合以上说法。

故选A。

【5题详解】

猜测词义题。

根据第二段中“Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.”可知，一些人去世较早，少数人能活到90多岁到100岁。

根据句中but和下文“thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive”（我们希望存活的时间实际上是有限的）可知，it指代前面提到的活到90多岁到100岁的长寿情况。

故选B。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第一段的“Earlier,wewereinfantsandyoungchildren,andconsequentlymorevulnerable（易受伤害的）,later,weshallundergoaprogressivelossofourvigorandresistancewhich,thoughunnoticeableatfirst,willfinallybecomesosteepthatwecanlivenolonger,howeverwellwelookafterourselves,andhoweverwellsociety,andourdoctors,lookafterus.”（之前，我们是婴幼儿，因此更加脆弱、容易受到伤害；后来，我们将经历一个逐渐失去精力和抵抗力的过程，尽管这个过程一开始不太明显，但它最终会势不可挡，