论马克吐温的作品《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的幽默与讽刺毕业论文.docx

论马克吐温的作品《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的幽默与讽刺毕业论文.docx

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论马克吐温的作品《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的幽默与讽刺毕业论文

CommentonMarkTwain’swork“HuckleberryFinn”oftheviewonhumorandirony

AThesisSubmitted

toSchoolofForeignLanguages,XuchangUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

MaDongge

Supervisor：

XuZhongyong

May15,2010

Acknowledgement

Thispaperhasfinallycomeintobeingafterseveralmonthsofhardwork.

FromtheverybeginningwhenIchosethetopictillthecompletionofthepaper,IhavebenefitedfrommanypeoplewhosehelpImustacknowledge.

Iamparticularlygratefultomytutor,XuZhongyong,forhisvaluablesuggestionsandcommentaryideas,andforhispatienceincorrectingthedraft.Withouthisguidanceandhelp,timelycompletionofthispaperwouldnotbepossible.

Thanksarealsoduetomyclassmatesandfriendsfortheirconstantencouragementandassistanceinthecourseofwriting.

YetIhavetoacknowledgethatIamindependentlyresponsibleforthepaperandIamthepersontoblameforanypitfalls,flawsandneglectsinit.

摘要

马克·吐温是一个世界闻名的幽默大师.《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是他的代表作,这部小说堪称经典。

这篇论文介绍了马克·吐温和他的幽默、讽刺，找出小说《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中幽默的来源和目的,详尽地研究了马克·吐温的幽默与讽刺。

关键词：

马克·吐温，《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，幽默，讽刺

Abstract

MarkTwainisaworld-renownedhumorist.TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinnishismasterpiece,thisnovelhasbeenlistedinthecononofgreatnovels.ThispaperintroducesTwain’sbiograph，exploresthesourceandpurposeofhishumor,andhasastudyonMarkTwain’shumorandironyindetail.

Keywords:

MarkTwain,TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn,Humor,Irony

TableofContents

Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................

摘要.............................................................................................................................................

Abstract......................................................................................................................................

TableofContents........................................................................................................................

Introduction...................................................................................................................................1

ChapterOneMarkTwainandhishumorandirony......................................................................2

1.1TheBiograohicalSketchofMarkTwain...........................................................................2

1.2ThereasonofMarkTwain’shumorandirony’sformation.............................................3

1.2.1Socialinfluence.....................................................................................................2

1.2.2Personalencounters..................................................................................................3

ChapterTwoFour..SourcesofTwain’shumorandironyinHuckleberryFinn.................6

2.1TheVernacularlanguage...............................................................................................6

2.2Situation..............................................................................6

2.3Caricature…………………………………………….......................7

2.4Thecontrastbetweenspeechandact…………………….……………………………4

ChapterThreePurposeandEffectofTwain’shumorinHuckleberryFinn......................9

3.1Humorforfun……..……….………………………………..................................9

3.2Humorforirony……………….………………….............................................9

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14

WorksCited................................................................................................................................15

Introduction

TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinnwrittenin1884,becamethemasterpieceofMarkTwain.Thisnovelwasregardedasapieceofworkwhichcouldbestrepresenthiswritingtalentspartly,becauseitgavefullplaytohumor.Hemingwayoncesaid“AllmodernAmericanliteraturecamefromonebookwrittenbyMarkTwaincalledTheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn”.［3］

ThisnovelwasnarratedbyHuck,thesequelbeginswithitsunschoolherounderthemotherlyprotectionofWidowDouglasandhersisterMissWatson|.Hisfatherkidnapshimandimprisonshiminalonelycabin.HuckescapestoJackson’islandwherehemeetsMissWatson|’runwayslaveJim.TheystarttheirwayonaraftandbegintheiradventuresduringtheMississippiRiver.Atlast,JimissetfreeinMissWatson|’willandHuckdecidestogoonhisadventuresforhedoesn’twanttohavetheso-called“civilized”life.

First,aftertheintroductorypart,thischaptertellsusMarkTwain’biographyandtheformationofhishumorandirony.InChapterTwo,basedonthesourcesofTwain’humorandironyinHuckleberryFinn.ChapterThreeintroducesthepurposeandeffectofTwain’humor.ThelastpartofthispaperistheconclusionofTwain’shumorandirony.

ChapterOneMarkTwainandhishumorandirony

1.1BiographicalsketchofMarkTwain

MarkTwain,thepseudonymofSamuelLanghomeClemems,wasborninMississippi,sonofJohnMarshallClemems,arestlessandunsuccessfullawyer-landspeculator,whosettledatHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiin1839.Whenhehewas12,hisfatherdiedandhehadtoleaveschool.Hewassuccessivelyaprinter’apprentice,atrampprinter,asilverminer,asteamboatpilotontheMississippi,andafrontierjournalistinNevadaandCalifornia.Theseexperiencesgavehimalotofknowledgeofhumanity,whichhelpedmuchonhiswritingcareer.

Afterthepublishingof“TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty”,Twainbecamenationallyfamous.TheGildedAgewashisfirstnovel,whichwasanartisticfailure,butitgaveitsnametotheAmericaofthepost-bellumperiodwhichitattemptedtosatirize.TwainwasmostnotedforhissisternovelsTheTheAdventureofTomSawyerandTheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn,thelaterbecamehismasterpiece.Becauseofthreeyears’lifeontheMississippi,hefinishedanotherfamouswork“LifeontheMississsippi”.

Twainisagreathumorist,buthedoesn’twriteonlyforhumor’ssake,instead,heuseshumortoexpresshiswisdom,whichhelpstoenhancehishumor.Hemakesfulluseofhumorandironytoexposethesociety,expresshisunderstandingoflifeandhumanity.

1.2ThereasonofTwain’humorandirony’formation

Whenwerefertoaliterarygiant,MarkTwainisrememberedbymenoflettersfirstlyasamastermindhumorandabittersatierwriter.Butwhatcausehishumorandsatire?

Inmyopinion,therearetworeasons:

oneisthesocialinfluenceandtheotherishispersonalencounters.

1.2.1Socialinflences

Twain’writingstylewasgreatlyaffectedbytheAmericanCivilWar（1861-1865）andthere-constractionafterthewar.Everythinghastwosides,thewarnotonlygavethewriterahardlifebutalsogavehimsomeperiousexperienceswhichwereimportantmaterialstohiswriting.

Withtheadventofthecivilwar,Twainbegunhispilotcareer.Hetooklargetimeinthislife,listeningtopilothousetalkoffeuds,piracies,lynchings,medicineshows,andsavagewatersideslums.In1861hebecameajournalistandadopted“MarkTwain”ashispenname,thenhemadehismindtoestablishhisfamebywriting.Hedughiswayinwritingstyleasahumoristwithrichwarexperiences.Asarealisticwriter,Twaingraduallynoticedthedarknessandthedifferencesbetweenwhathesawsuperficiallyandwhattheyreallywerein-depth.Hebeguntoexposethesocialreality,sharplysatirizethesocialevilsandsocialinjusticeswithhishumorouswords.

1.2.2Personalencounters

ItisnodoubtthatthesocialinfluenceofTwain’sdayaffectedhisattitudetowardslife,hisoutlookofsociety,hiswritingstyleandsoon.However,thereisanotherimportantreasonwhichalsocan’tbeignoredwhenweanalysehiswritingstyle.

Asaworld-renownedliterarygiantandagiftedhumorist,Twainmetcounteredcountlesspersonalhardshipsandsufferings.Whenhewastwelve,hisfather’deathwasonlyastart,hisfamilymemberslefthimonebyone,bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.MarkTwainisaoptimisticperson,butafterthefailureinbusinessandthedeathsofhislovedones,hechangedhiswritingstyleintobittersatireaftermakingtheworldlaughbyhishumor,thatietosay,hiswritingstylewasblendedwithhumorandsharpsatirethen.Alltheexperiencesofthepeopleareperiousmaterialsforhiswritingcareer,MarkTwainuseshissadnessandsplendidtalentcreatessomanygreatworkstoexpresshishumorindeedandsatirizetherealsociety.

ChapterTwoFourSourcesofTwain’HumorandIronyinHuckleberryFinn

MarkTwainpresentsbeforereadersanimmenseworldofhumorinHuckleberryFinn.Itisimpossibletoanalyseeveryfunnydeedoract,wittytalksofdifferentcharactersinthisnovel.Tohaveaclearstudy,weneedacategorization.AfteratotallyreadingofHuckleberryFinn,IfindfoursourcesforTwain’humorandirony,whichwillbeanalysedrespectivelyinthefollowingsectioes.

2.1TheVernacularLanguage

Literatureisaartoflanguage.Novelasakindofliterary,undoubtedly,isrelatedwithlanguage.Humorousliteraturemakesagooduseoflanguage,includingvernacularlanguage.

Vernacularlanguageisakindofnativelanguagefromacoutryoralocality,whichcanbeexpressedbyslanganddialects.

Asafamoushumorist,Twainusesalotofslangsanddialectsinhisnovel“HuckFinn”.Forexample,intheexplanatorypartofthiswork,Twainwrote:

“Inthisbookanumberofdialectsareused:

theMissourinegrodialect;theextremistf