完整版专四英语语法考点.docx
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完整版专四英语语法考点
语法考点之一:
虚拟语气
考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气
1、与过去事实相反:
从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone;
1.I___thepartymuchmoreiftherehadn’tbeenquitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.1996
A.wouldenjoyB.willhaveenjoyed
C.wouldhaveenjoyedD.willbeenjoying
2.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.2000
A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeen
C.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’t
省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she____muchbetterresultsnow.2008
A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegot
C.mustgetD.wouldget
4.______youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.1994
A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealized
C.IrealizedthatD.AsIrealized
5.___,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.1995
A. Hadn'thebeentakengoodcareofB. Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareof
C. HadnothebeentakengoodcareofD. Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof
6.___forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.2002
A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeen
C.WasitnotD.Wereitnot
2、与现在事实相反:
从句sbdid(were),
主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do;
1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.2009
A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbe
C.willbeD.wouldhavebeen
2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he________abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.2005
A.wouldbeB.willhavebeen
C.wasD.Were
3、与将来事实相反:
从句sbdid(should+do或were+todo),主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do。
1._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.2005
A.If,hadB.Have,had
C.Should,haveD.Incase,had
4、错综条件句:
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如:
从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do;
1.Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.2007
A.hadreceivedB.received
C.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving
考点2:
表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
1.Heleftordersthatnothing______toucheduntilthepolicearrivedhere.1997
A.shouldbeB.oughttobeC.mustbeD.wouldbe
2.Sheaskedthatshe______allowedtoseehersoninpolicecustody.1993
A.wouldbeB.couldbeC.beD.was
考点3:
Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative(必要的,命令的),incredible(难以置信的,惊人的)等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
1.Itisnecessarythathe____theassignmentwithoutdelay.2010
A.handinB.handsin
C.musthandinD.hastohandin
2.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam____hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.2007
A.willcontinueB.continued
C.continueD.continues
3.Itisimperativethatthegovernment__moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.2006
A.attractsB.shallattract
C.attractD.hasto
4.Itisimperativethatstudents____theirtermpapersontime.2004
A.handinB.wouldhandin
C.havetohandinD.handedin
考点4:
itis(high/about)timethat的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。
例如:
1.It’shightimewe__cuttingdowntherainforests.2006
AstoppedBhadtostop
CshallstopDstop
考点5:
muchas"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用wouldhavedone表示假设。
1.Muchas____,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.1999
A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhavelikedto
考点6:
ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引导从句,
与过去事实相反:
had+done;
与现在事实相反:
动词过去式;
与将来事实相反:
could/would+do。
1.IfonlyI__playtheguitaraswellasyou!
2006
AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight
2.Hetalksonandonasifhewouldneverend.
考点7:
wouldrather/sooner从句中
使用一般过去式或过去完成式
分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟。
1.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter____inthesameofficenow.
A.hadnotworkedB.nottowork
C.doesnotworkD.didnotwork
考点8:
Onconditionthat.../lest/forfearthat+(should)+原形动词。
1.Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,________thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.2005
A.onoccasionB.onpurpose
C.onconditionD.onlyif
注:
Onconditionthat...是“只有”“条件是”的意思,可以使用虚拟语气,也可以不用。
I’llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.
Theyagreetolendhimthecaronconditionhe(should)returnitinaweek.
2.lest以免
e.g.:
tiptoedlesttheguardshouldhearher;
anxiouslesthebecomeill.
考点9:
butfor要不是...
1._____yourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.1994
A.UnlessB.Butfor
C.ExceptforD.Notfor
考点10:
让步状语从句
Whetherheberichorpoor,I’llmarryhim.
1.____,I’llmarryhimallthesame.2004
A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor
2.Whethermybrotherrightorwrong,hewillhavemyunwaveringsupport.2001
A.IsB.WereC.BeD.Wouldbe
语法考点之二:
情态动词
*情态动词:
will(愿意),shall(将),must(必须),can,may,would,should(应该),might,could,oughtto,usedto(过去常常),need(需要),dare(竟敢),haveto(不得不)
考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:
(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(表示推测)
(2)某些情态动词的特殊用法
考点1.情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示推测
(1)musthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。
否定形式为:
can’t/couldn’thavev-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。
1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?
2008
A.Youmustleaveimmediately.
B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.
C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.
D.Youmustcompletethereadingassignmentontime.
2.He_____the8:
20busbecausehedidn’tleavehometill8:
25.(1994)
A.couldn’thavecaughtB.oughttohavecaughtC.shouldn’thavecaughtD.mustnothavecaught
(2)couldhavev-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。
(3)may/mighthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
1.He____unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.(1999)
A.mayhaveactedB.musthaveacted
C.shouldactD.wouldact
(4)oughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldn’thavev-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”
1.Aren'tyoutired?
I____youhaddoneenoughfortoday.2009
A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethought
C.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethought
(5)needn’thavev-ed表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要…”。
1.You____Jimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.(1998)
A.needn’thavetoldB.needn’ttell
C.mustn’thavetoldD.mustn’ttell
2.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_____soformally.(1996)
A.neednothavedressedup
B.mustnothavedressedup
C.didnotneedtodressup
D.mustnotdressup
注意:
didnotneedtodo动作并没发生。
例:
Ididn’tneedtogetupearly,soIgotupuntil9a.m.
考点2.特殊用法
(1)can't“不可能”(表推测),
maynot“可能不”(表推测),
mustn’t(mustnot)“不要;禁止”;
usednot/usedn’tto或didn’tuseto…过去不…
(2)should表示惊讶
1.Iamsurprised__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.2006
A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinking
C.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking
2.Weconsider______heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.2009
A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhat
C.itstrangethatD.thatstrange
(3)用于过去式中,can常表示能过做某事,但事实不一定去做;beableto则表示能做某事并且已经做了。
1.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI________thejourneyinexactlytwodays.2005
A.musttakeB.musthavemade
C.wasabletomakeD.couldmake
(4)Can’tbut+V.,表示不得不,与haveto同义。
Can’thelp+Ving忍不住。
(5)cannot…too/enough表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”
(6)may/mightaswell+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于hadbetter
I'mready,soI mightaswell gonow
(7)maywell+动词原形”,意为“(完全)能,很可能”:
Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.他大可为儿子高兴。
(8)mayaswellas还是…好了e.g.Youmayaswellasgivehimtheletter.
语法考点之三:
非谓语动词
考点1:
不定式
近几年考的不多。
以前的考点基本集中在:
(1)考察哪些动词接不定式;
(2)考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式;
1)can’thelp/choosebutdo不得不,只能,不禁
2)whynotdosth
1._______himtomorrow?
2001
A.WhynottocallonB.Whydon’tcallon
C.WhynotcallingonD.Whynotcallon
3)woulddoratherthando
1.Shesaidshewouldworkitoutherself,______askmeforhelp.1993
A.andnottoB.butnot
C.andprefernotD.ratherthan
(3)考察短语"bebelieved/saidtodosth"的用法;
1.TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved____ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.2004
A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinking
C.thatheistothinkD.tothink
2.AIDSissaid______thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.2002
A.beingB.tobe
C.tohavebeenD.havingbeen
3.ProfessorJohnsonissaid____somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.1999
A.havingmadeB.making
C.tohavemadeD.tomake
(4)考察动词不定时的时态和语态:
进行式tobedoing,
完成式tohavedone;
一般式被动语态tobedone;
完成式被动语态tohavebeendone。
另外,不定式短语有将来时的意思;
考点2:
动名词
(1)常接动名词做宾语的词:
mind(介意),miss(逃过),mention(提及),prevent,postpone,practice,risk(冒险),resist(抵制),consider(考虑),admit(承认),avoid(避免),appreciate(感激),fancy(幻想),finish(完成),feellike(喜欢),escape(逃脱),ensure(确保),delay(延迟),deny(否认),resent,detest,imagine(想象),suggest(建议)
1.Ininternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid______.1996
A.frombeingbeatenB.beingbeatenC.beatingD.tobebeaten
2.Heresented______towait.Heexpectedtheminister______himatonce.1995
A.tobeasked,toseeB.beingasked,toseeC.tobeasked,seeingD.beingasked,seeing
3.Ineverregretted_______offer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.1993
A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notaccepting
b选项表示的是对已经发生事件的陈述,指示某一次特殊的情况.
d选项表示的是一般性的情况,不特指某一次特殊的情况
(2)介词后的ing:
prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing阻止…做…;spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱;
how/whataboutdoingsth做…怎么样了?
;
Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在…方面有些困难;
Thereisnosenseindoing(做…是没有理由的);Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordo