浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默学位论文.docx

浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默学位论文.docx

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浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默学位论文

TheBlackHumorinCatch-22

BianLiping

Abstract:

Catch-22isatypicalrepresentativebookofblackhumor.Itwasborninaspecialcontext:

Peoplebegantodoubtanddenytheirowntraditionalvalues,andwereeagertofindspiritualrelieffromtheliteratureofsatireandhumor.JosephHeller,theauthorofthisnovel,describedinasymbolicwayofmanyridiculousimages.Inthisnovel,manywords,phrasesanddialogueareconfusing,duplicate,suspiciousandcontradicting.“Catch22”,throughthewholenovel,isamagicweaponofofficerstogovernandmakefunofsoldiersunderthecapitalistsystem,whichlikeanetisalwaysboundthelittlepeopleandmakesthembetrappedinit.

ThepapermainlyanalyzedblackhumorinCatch-22throughseveralaspects,includingdeepenthethemeofblackhumor,depictingcharacters,arrangementstructureandlanguageuse.Inaword,Catch-22isoneofthemostimportantworksofblackhumorandthereadersaremadetohaveabetterunderstandingofthenovelCatch-22bythepaper.

KeyWords：

BlackHumor;Absurd;Catch22;Ridiculous

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浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默

边丽萍

【摘要】《第二十二条军规》是一部典型的黑色幽默的代表作，它诞生于特殊的时代背景：

人们开始怀疑并否定自己的传统价值观念，渴望讽刺、幽默的文学作品中寻找精神上的解脱。

小说的作者约瑟夫·海勒用象征的手法描绘了一幅幅荒谬的图像。

小说中有许多单词、短语以及对话是迷惑的、重复的、怀疑的和矛盾的。

贯穿全文的“第二十二条军规”总是束缚着那些小人物，像一张网把他们困在其中，成为资本主义制度下军规管辖和捉弄士兵的法宝。

本文主要通过主题的深化、人物的塑造、结构的安排以及语言的运用方面分析了《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默。

总而言之，《第二十二条军规》是黑色幽默作品中最重要的一部。

本文旨在帮助读者更好的理解《第二十二条军规》这部小说。

【关键词】黑色幽默;悖论;第二十二条军规;荒谬

TheBlackHumorinCatch-22

1.Introduction

Catch-22,publishedin1961,becauseitspowerfulfloggingtothewar,thecapitalistfreeenterprisecompetitionandtheAmericandecadentwayoflife,makingJosephHellerbecameawell-knownwriterofliterary.Catch-22isafarcefullofironyandblackhumor.

Blackhumorasanartistictechniquemostcommonlyappearintwotypesofliteraryform:

theantiwar-novelandthetheateroftheabsurd.Thismeansofartisticsometimesisconsideredmorbid（sick）,becauseitcontainsanalternativeandcriticalattitudeofitsowntomodernsociety.AsmanyofhiscontemporarynovelsoftheUnitedStatesafterWorldWar,Catch-22wasborninaparticularperiodofhistory,thecoldwarbetweenthesuperpowershaspromptedbytheoptimismaccompaniedthepost-WorldWarIIeconomicprosperitylost.Anabsurdfeelingofliferootedinthelivingcircumstancesofordinarypeople.Thedestructionofrationalnormalorderhasalmostbecomeacommonphenomenoninsociety.Inthe1950s,AmericanlifehasbeenfundamentallypollutedanddestructedthehysteriaMcCarthybyanti-communist,onthispointinChapter21oftheCatch-22,ithasrelatedtothis.UnitedStatescivilrightsmovementandtheVietnamWarhavefurtherexacerbatedtheturbulentsituation,moreover,moreandmorepeoplebegantodoubteverythingandlosefaithtoeverything.

Inaddition,duetothedevelopmentandbreakthroughsofnewscienceandtechnology,itgivesthepeopleasenseofgaininginstrength.Butitdeprivesthelastmysteriousofthelifeitself,andmakesmoreandmorepeoplealienatefromhumannature.AllofthesehavefundamentallyshakenthefirmbeliefofthepeopletoGodandtheuniverse,peoplenolongerlookingforspiritualsolacefromChristianity.Catch-22wasborninthisspecialcontext:

GodandChristianityincreasinglylostcornerstonefunctionwhichinthepastbeenwidelyrecognizedandplaytheroleofthemoralandspirit.Therefore,itisanabsurdfictiononirrationaltheme.

2.LiteratureReview

Catch-22notonlytakesahouseholdnameintheUnitedStatesbutalsoitsinceptionhasavastaudienceintheworld.CriticsconcernCatch-22mainlyinthreeaspects:

artistictechniques,charactersandthemes.Amongthem,theblackhumorofthenovel,theanti-heroandabsurdthemeinthenovelarerepeated,excavated,andnovelstructureandlanguagefeaturesarealsoinvolved.

In1961,Catch-22hasbeenpublishedleadtoasensationintheliteraryworld.Literatureinforeigncountries,Catch-22istoonumeroustocount,thereissomeauthenticworks,suchasRobertMerrill’sJosephHellerin1987,DavidSeed’sTheFictionofJosephHeller:

AgainsttheGrainin1989,SanfordPinsker’sUnderstandingJosephHellerin1991.

InChina,LiJunsheng（2011）gaveinterpretationoftheblackhumorandsymbolismofCatch-22throughtoanalysisthecharactersinthenovel.ZhangLing（2010）fromtheperspectiveoftextualanalysisdiscussedthegenerationmechanismofblackhumor.ZhangHao（2007）,basedontheexamplesofalotofblackhumorinthetextlanguage,fromparadox,parallelantithesis,repetition,mutatismutandis,andthejuxtapositionofrhetoricallevel,revealedtheauthor’smeansofusingblackhumortodeepentheirrationalthemeofthenovelandpointedoutthatthelanguagefeaturesofblackhumorissurrealcharacterizationofitsshowingoftheirrationalworld.JinHaiyun（2005）madeaninterpretationofheroYossarianfromthepointofviewoftheanti-hero.GaoYu（2006）,throughdescriptionanddepictionofvariouscharacterssketchedalllivingcreaturesofcontemporaryAmericansociety.XiangLin（2001）elaboratedCatch-22’swritingstyle.Thecontentofthenovelalsoproducedanumberofreviewsfrominnovativeangle;suchasHuangWenjing（2008）basedonthenovelcontentcameupwith"Catch22"wasnotsymbolofeternalultra-words,not"Heller’smyth",andwasjustauncertainmetaphorof,nocertainty.WuXiaoyun,XiongWanqiong（2008）summedupthenarrativetechniqueofJosephHeller’sCatch-22.Inadditiontothese,therearemanyanalysisworksfromanewperspective.

YangHong（2007）gaveaninterpretationofthealienationofthecharactersinCatch-22;putforwardthemostimportantthemeofthenovel:

thealienationofthesoulreflectstheabsurdityofthesocialreality.ZhangNana（2008）revealedtheconversationalimplicateintheCatch-22andproposedtoapplythepragmaticssessionmeaningtheorytothenovelanalysis.LiuYujuan（2009）fromtheartdescribedthefeaturesofthe"blackhumor",thenovelusesexactlyscatteredformthatsamewiththeperformanceoftheabsurdcontent,putthefragmentoftherealplotandalotofridiculousplotblendtogetherwhichshowsdisorderedlogicalandcomplexcontent.Fromthepointofviewofthehumanspirit,XiangShimin（2000）analyzedtheworksofblackhumor,affirmedthevalueoftheCatch-22.PengPeng（2010）analyzedthemilitary’sinternalconflictsembodiedinCatch-22.ZhangWen（2007）,accordingtothebasicstrategyofdeconstructionphilosophy,deconstructedtheCatch-22.

DuHuiying（2008）,praisedJosephHellerthroughsuperbcharactershape,wonderfulirony,incredibleparadoxandabsurdityofthecreative,successfullyblendthehumorandhorror,comedyandtragedy,thusrevealingtheruthlessandcruelofthewar.ChaMing（2011）broughtforwardthatthemostoutstandingartisticattainmentswasachieve"blackhumor"thismodernaestheticform,whichshowedthelanguagefeaturesofblackhumorliterature.

Althoughthebookwaspublishednearly50yearsofhistory,butthisworkisstillhasabigspacetostudy.Whetheritisbasedonthecurrentformofresearchormyownexpectations,Ibelieve,asatypicalrepresentativeworkofblackhumor,theresearchofCatch-22willbemoreandmoresystems,in-depth,andinnovative.

3.UnderstandingandDefinitionofBlackHumorinCatch-22

Unliketraditionalhumor,blackhumorisaspecialkindofhumor;itisdesperate,crazy,deepandcynicalhumor,whichisanimportantcharacteristicof"blackhumor"."Black"isopposedtothelightandjoy,isinpathologicalfeaturesanideologicalandemotionalaspect,whichisgloomyanddepressed,isdespair,sorrowandpain,andisanobjectivereality.However,"humor"isasatireandtoridiculetheobjectivereality.Itreflectstheemotionsofspicy,grief,angerandcynicismwhenthemorbidmoodcombinedwithtraditionalhumor.Theso-called"blackhumor"referstothekindof"sickandabsurdhumor"in"seekingpleasurefromcruel"."Blackhumor"isaliteraryformthatusescomedyformtoexpressthetragedycontent.Itisacomedytiedtogetherwithpainandlaughter,cruelandtenderness,factsandabsurd.Therefore,itisalsoknownas"blackcomedy","desperatecomedy","humorundergallows"and"humorfacedwithimminentdisaster".

Themainfeaturesofthe"blackhumor"inthecreatetendencyisthatfindhumorfromthe"black"（dark）,andusehumortodealwiththe"black".Theformerreferstothewriter'sviewoftheworldandthecontentofthework,andthelatterreferstothewriter'sattitudesofconductthemselvesinsocietyandcreativeattitude.Inotherwords,thewriterof"blackhumor"holdthatuniverse,societyandlifearenotonlyridiculous,ugly,coldanddark,butalsogrotesquerie,mysteriousandhardtoguess.So,everyoneislivinginanabsurd,morbidsituation,andthissituationiscloselylinkedtothesuffering,anxietyanddeath.Inordertohig