浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默学位论文.docx
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浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默学位论文
TheBlackHumorinCatch-22
BianLiping
Abstract:
Catch-22isatypicalrepresentativebookofblackhumor.Itwasborninaspecialcontext:
Peoplebegantodoubtanddenytheirowntraditionalvalues,andwereeagertofindspiritualrelieffromtheliteratureofsatireandhumor.JosephHeller,theauthorofthisnovel,describedinasymbolicwayofmanyridiculousimages.Inthisnovel,manywords,phrasesanddialogueareconfusing,duplicate,suspiciousandcontradicting.“Catch22”,throughthewholenovel,isamagicweaponofofficerstogovernandmakefunofsoldiersunderthecapitalistsystem,whichlikeanetisalwaysboundthelittlepeopleandmakesthembetrappedinit.
ThepapermainlyanalyzedblackhumorinCatch-22throughseveralaspects,includingdeepenthethemeofblackhumor,depictingcharacters,arrangementstructureandlanguageuse.Inaword,Catch-22isoneofthemostimportantworksofblackhumorandthereadersaremadetohaveabetterunderstandingofthenovelCatch-22bythepaper.
KeyWords:
BlackHumor;Absurd;Catch22;Ridiculous
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浅谈《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默
边丽萍
【摘要】《第二十二条军规》是一部典型的黑色幽默的代表作,它诞生于特殊的时代背景:
人们开始怀疑并否定自己的传统价值观念,渴望讽刺、幽默的文学作品中寻找精神上的解脱。
小说的作者约瑟夫·海勒用象征的手法描绘了一幅幅荒谬的图像。
小说中有许多单词、短语以及对话是迷惑的、重复的、怀疑的和矛盾的。
贯穿全文的“第二十二条军规”总是束缚着那些小人物,像一张网把他们困在其中,成为资本主义制度下军规管辖和捉弄士兵的法宝。
本文主要通过主题的深化、人物的塑造、结构的安排以及语言的运用方面分析了《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默。
总而言之,《第二十二条军规》是黑色幽默作品中最重要的一部。
本文旨在帮助读者更好的理解《第二十二条军规》这部小说。
【关键词】黑色幽默;悖论;第二十二条军规;荒谬
TheBlackHumorinCatch-22
1.Introduction
Catch-22,publishedin1961,becauseitspowerfulfloggingtothewar,thecapitalistfreeenterprisecompetitionandtheAmericandecadentwayoflife,makingJosephHellerbecameawell-knownwriterofliterary.Catch-22isafarcefullofironyandblackhumor.
Blackhumorasanartistictechniquemostcommonlyappearintwotypesofliteraryform:
theantiwar-novelandthetheateroftheabsurd.Thismeansofartisticsometimesisconsideredmorbid(sick),becauseitcontainsanalternativeandcriticalattitudeofitsowntomodernsociety.AsmanyofhiscontemporarynovelsoftheUnitedStatesafterWorldWar,Catch-22wasborninaparticularperiodofhistory,thecoldwarbetweenthesuperpowershaspromptedbytheoptimismaccompaniedthepost-WorldWarIIeconomicprosperitylost.Anabsurdfeelingofliferootedinthelivingcircumstancesofordinarypeople.Thedestructionofrationalnormalorderhasalmostbecomeacommonphenomenoninsociety.Inthe1950s,AmericanlifehasbeenfundamentallypollutedanddestructedthehysteriaMcCarthybyanti-communist,onthispointinChapter21oftheCatch-22,ithasrelatedtothis.UnitedStatescivilrightsmovementandtheVietnamWarhavefurtherexacerbatedtheturbulentsituation,moreover,moreandmorepeoplebegantodoubteverythingandlosefaithtoeverything.
Inaddition,duetothedevelopmentandbreakthroughsofnewscienceandtechnology,itgivesthepeopleasenseofgaininginstrength.Butitdeprivesthelastmysteriousofthelifeitself,andmakesmoreandmorepeoplealienatefromhumannature.AllofthesehavefundamentallyshakenthefirmbeliefofthepeopletoGodandtheuniverse,peoplenolongerlookingforspiritualsolacefromChristianity.Catch-22wasborninthisspecialcontext:
GodandChristianityincreasinglylostcornerstonefunctionwhichinthepastbeenwidelyrecognizedandplaytheroleofthemoralandspirit.Therefore,itisanabsurdfictiononirrationaltheme.
2.LiteratureReview
Catch-22notonlytakesahouseholdnameintheUnitedStatesbutalsoitsinceptionhasavastaudienceintheworld.CriticsconcernCatch-22mainlyinthreeaspects:
artistictechniques,charactersandthemes.Amongthem,theblackhumorofthenovel,theanti-heroandabsurdthemeinthenovelarerepeated,excavated,andnovelstructureandlanguagefeaturesarealsoinvolved.
In1961,Catch-22hasbeenpublishedleadtoasensationintheliteraryworld.Literatureinforeigncountries,Catch-22istoonumeroustocount,thereissomeauthenticworks,suchasRobertMerrill’sJosephHellerin1987,DavidSeed’sTheFictionofJosephHeller:
AgainsttheGrainin1989,SanfordPinsker’sUnderstandingJosephHellerin1991.
InChina,LiJunsheng(2011)gaveinterpretationoftheblackhumorandsymbolismofCatch-22throughtoanalysisthecharactersinthenovel.ZhangLing(2010)fromtheperspectiveoftextualanalysisdiscussedthegenerationmechanismofblackhumor.ZhangHao(2007),basedontheexamplesofalotofblackhumorinthetextlanguage,fromparadox,parallelantithesis,repetition,mutatismutandis,andthejuxtapositionofrhetoricallevel,revealedtheauthor’smeansofusingblackhumortodeepentheirrationalthemeofthenovelandpointedoutthatthelanguagefeaturesofblackhumorissurrealcharacterizationofitsshowingoftheirrationalworld.JinHaiyun(2005)madeaninterpretationofheroYossarianfromthepointofviewoftheanti-hero.GaoYu(2006),throughdescriptionanddepictionofvariouscharacterssketchedalllivingcreaturesofcontemporaryAmericansociety.XiangLin(2001)elaboratedCatch-22’swritingstyle.Thecontentofthenovelalsoproducedanumberofreviewsfrominnovativeangle;suchasHuangWenjing(2008)basedonthenovelcontentcameupwith"Catch22"wasnotsymbolofeternalultra-words,not"Heller’smyth",andwasjustauncertainmetaphorof,nocertainty.WuXiaoyun,XiongWanqiong(2008)summedupthenarrativetechniqueofJosephHeller’sCatch-22.Inadditiontothese,therearemanyanalysisworksfromanewperspective.
YangHong(2007)gaveaninterpretationofthealienationofthecharactersinCatch-22;putforwardthemostimportantthemeofthenovel:
thealienationofthesoulreflectstheabsurdityofthesocialreality.ZhangNana(2008)revealedtheconversationalimplicateintheCatch-22andproposedtoapplythepragmaticssessionmeaningtheorytothenovelanalysis.LiuYujuan(2009)fromtheartdescribedthefeaturesofthe"blackhumor",thenovelusesexactlyscatteredformthatsamewiththeperformanceoftheabsurdcontent,putthefragmentoftherealplotandalotofridiculousplotblendtogetherwhichshowsdisorderedlogicalandcomplexcontent.Fromthepointofviewofthehumanspirit,XiangShimin(2000)analyzedtheworksofblackhumor,affirmedthevalueoftheCatch-22.PengPeng(2010)analyzedthemilitary’sinternalconflictsembodiedinCatch-22.ZhangWen(2007),accordingtothebasicstrategyofdeconstructionphilosophy,deconstructedtheCatch-22.
DuHuiying(2008),praisedJosephHellerthroughsuperbcharactershape,wonderfulirony,incredibleparadoxandabsurdityofthecreative,successfullyblendthehumorandhorror,comedyandtragedy,thusrevealingtheruthlessandcruelofthewar.ChaMing(2011)broughtforwardthatthemostoutstandingartisticattainmentswasachieve"blackhumor"thismodernaestheticform,whichshowedthelanguagefeaturesofblackhumorliterature.
Althoughthebookwaspublishednearly50yearsofhistory,butthisworkisstillhasabigspacetostudy.Whetheritisbasedonthecurrentformofresearchormyownexpectations,Ibelieve,asatypicalrepresentativeworkofblackhumor,theresearchofCatch-22willbemoreandmoresystems,in-depth,andinnovative.
3.UnderstandingandDefinitionofBlackHumorinCatch-22
Unliketraditionalhumor,blackhumorisaspecialkindofhumor;itisdesperate,crazy,deepandcynicalhumor,whichisanimportantcharacteristicof"blackhumor"."Black"isopposedtothelightandjoy,isinpathologicalfeaturesanideologicalandemotionalaspect,whichisgloomyanddepressed,isdespair,sorrowandpain,andisanobjectivereality.However,"humor"isasatireandtoridiculetheobjectivereality.Itreflectstheemotionsofspicy,grief,angerandcynicismwhenthemorbidmoodcombinedwithtraditionalhumor.Theso-called"blackhumor"referstothekindof"sickandabsurdhumor"in"seekingpleasurefromcruel"."Blackhumor"isaliteraryformthatusescomedyformtoexpressthetragedycontent.Itisacomedytiedtogetherwithpainandlaughter,cruelandtenderness,factsandabsurd.Therefore,itisalsoknownas"blackcomedy","desperatecomedy","humorundergallows"and"humorfacedwithimminentdisaster".
Themainfeaturesofthe"blackhumor"inthecreatetendencyisthatfindhumorfromthe"black"(dark),andusehumortodealwiththe"black".Theformerreferstothewriter'sviewoftheworldandthecontentofthework,andthelatterreferstothewriter'sattitudesofconductthemselvesinsocietyandcreativeattitude.Inotherwords,thewriterof"blackhumor"holdthatuniverse,societyandlifearenotonlyridiculous,ugly,coldanddark,butalsogrotesquerie,mysteriousandhardtoguess.So,everyoneislivinginanabsurd,morbidsituation,andthissituationiscloselylinkedtothesuffering,anxietyanddeath.Inordertohig