计算机网络与因特网论文英文版.docx

计算机网络与因特网论文英文版.docx

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计算机网络与因特网论文英文版

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1、LANtechnology4

1.1LANOverview4

1.1.1Emergenceanddevelopmentoflocalareanetwork4

1.1.2LANFeatures4

1.1.3LANcomponents5

1.1.4LANArchitectureandIEEE802standard5

1.1.5Mediaaccesscontrolmethods6

1.2Ethernet7

1.2.1thetechnicalcharacteristicsoftheEthernet8

1.2.2IEEE802.3Ethernetarchitecture8

1.2.310MbpsEthernet8

1.3FastEthernet10

1.3.1IEEE802.3uFastEthernet10

1.3.2100VG-AnylAN11

1.4FiberDistributedDataInterfaceFDDI11

1.4.1FDDIdualringstructure11

1.5SwitchedEthernet11

1.5.1Aproblemsharednetwork11

1.5.2Thecharacteristicsofaswitchednetwork12

1.5.3EthernetSwitches12

1.5.4TheworkingprincipleofswitchedEthernet12

1.5.5VLAN13

1.6SwitchedEthernetApplication15

1.6.1,thecharacteristicsofGigabitEthernet15

1.6.2IEEE802.zGigabitEthernetstandard15

1.6.3IEEE802.abGigabitEthernetstandard16

1.7GigabitEthernet16

1.7.1thetechnicalcharacteristicsofGigabitEthernet16

1.8AsynchronousTransferMode17

1.8.1ATMfeatures17

1.8.2ThebasicskillsofATM18

1.8.3ATMinterfacestandard18

1.8.4ATMarchitecture18

1.9WirelessLAN19

1.9.1WirelessLANOverview19

2、WAN20

2.1OverviewOverviewofnetworkinterconnectionnetworkinterconnection20

2.1.1Applicationsofcomputernetworkinterconnection20

2.1.2Interconnectionmodel21

2.1.3Severalformsofnetworkinterconnection21

2.1.4Basicrequirementsfornetworkinterconnection21

2.2Networkinterconnectiondevices22

2.2.1Repeater22

2.2.2Networkbridge22

2.2.3Router24

2.2.4Gateway25

2.3Routingalgorithmandroutingprotocol26

2.3.1Staticanddynamicrouting26

2.3.2Routingalgorithm26

2.3.3RoutingProtocol27

2.4WANtechnology29

2.4.1thewideareanetworkreferencemodel30

2.5InterconnectionagreementsTCP/IP30

2.5.1TCP/IPprotocolsuite31

2.5.2IPnetworkinterconnectionagreement32

IPdatapacketmustbesubmittedtothedatalinklayer,framingpackagecanbesentbefore.Assupportedbydifferentnetworkswithdifferentmaximumframelength（128-4470bytes）,generallylessthanIPpacket,itisusuallythelargestIPdatapacketsintosmallerpackets,andthensendthepacket（bothabove）.Packetdecompositionofthelarger,highercommunicationefficiency.Recombinationisthereverseprocessofsub-section,itisthenumberofIPsegmentsreassembledintotheoriginalIPpacket.2.6InternetAddress33

2.6.1RepresentationandclassificationofIPaddresses34

2.6.2Subnetmask34

2.6.3SpecificIPaddress35

2.6.4AddressResolutionProtocolandReverseAddressResolutionProtocol36

2.6.5ControlMessageProtocolICMP36

2.6.6UDPprotocol36

2.6.7TCPprotocol37

3Application38

3.1Background38

3.2Designrequirements38

3.3PlanningandDesign39

3.3.1Thedesignofnetworktopology39

3.3.2Thegeneralstructureofthenetwork40

3.3.3LANbandwidthrequirements41

3.3.4Cablingdesignprinciples41

3.3.5CentralOfficePlanningandDesign42

3.3.6Selectionofnetworkequipment43

3.4Detaileddesign44

3.4.1FlowCalculation44

3.4.2DetailedConfiguration45

3.4.3IPaddressdistribution46

3.5References47

ABSTRCT

TitleComputerNetworkandInternet

Abstract

Asrapiddevelopmentofcomputernetworktechnologytoday,theuseofinformationtransmissionnetworkhasbecomeanessentialwaytorun.Withtheofficeinformationandautomationneedsofvariousunitstoimproveofficeefficiency,andpromoteinformationexchange,meettherequirementsofmodernofficeneedstosetupbusinessofficeLAN.FormationofallaspectsinvolvedintheenterpriseLANaremany,firstofallneedaproperdesignandplanning,thenneedtodealwithwiring,networkequipmentselectionandconfiguration,serverequipmentselectionandconfiguration,networksoftwareinstallation,etc.,whichrequireeachimplementationstepbystepand,finally,theneedfornormaldailymaintenance,thispaper,LAN,WANandLANdesignEnterpriseBriefIntroduction.

Keywords:

LANWANNetworkLayoutSwitch

1、LANtechnology

1.1LANOverview

1.1.1Emergenceanddevelopmentoflocalareanetwork

LAN（LocalAreaNetwork,LAN）isacomputernetwork,LANisinasmallerrange（anoffice,abuilding,apublicworks,etc.）,theuseofcommunicationlinestoanumberofcomputers（usuallycomputer）andconnectingperipherals,datacommunicationandresourcesharing.LANresearchbeganinthe20thcentury,70s,80sisthedecadeofthegreatdevelopmentoflocalareanetwork,LANtechnologyistheoccurrenceof90yearsofchange.Ethernetisatypicalrepresentative. Now,intheworldeveryday,thousandsoflocalareanetworkrunning,andtheirnumberfarexceedstheWAN.LANbandwidthfromthe10M,100M,1000M,10G,1Tbps.

1.1.2LANFeatures

1.1.2.1ThethreepropertiesoftheLAN

1）LANisacommunicationsnetwork,heonlycommunications.ItincludesonlythelowesttwolayersofOSIreferencemodelfunction,soconnectedtotheLANdatacommunicationsequipmentmustbeaddedtohigh-levelprotocolandnetworksoftwarecanbecomposedofcomputernetwork.

2）LANconnectionobjectisthedatacommunicationsequipment,includingcomputers,terminals,etc.

3）LANcoverageissmall,thetransmissiondistancelimited.

1.1.2.2LANfeatures

1）LANisacommunicationsnetwork.

2）LANconnectionobjectisthedatacommunicationsequipment,includingcomputers,terminalequipment.

3）smalllocalareanetworkcoverage.

4）hightransmissionspeed,1Mbps~10Gbps.

5）Thepropagationdelayissmall,afewmillisecondsandtensofmilliseconds.

6）lowbiterrorrate,10-8.

7）attributabletoasingleorganizationandmanagement.

1.1.3LANcomponents

LANisConsistsofhardwareandsoftwaresystems.

1.1.3.1Hardwaresystem

Hardwaresystemisincludeofnetworkservers,workstations,networkinterfacecards,networkdevices,transmissionmediaandconnectingparts,andvariousadapters.

1.1.3.2NetworkSoftware

NetworkSystemSoftware（core）:

includingnetworkoperatingsystems,networkprotocolsandnetworkcommunicationsoftware.

Webapplications:

managementinformationsystems,remoteeducation,digitallibraries,etc.

1.1.4LANArchitectureandIEEE802standard

shown.SystemfollowstheIEEE802LANstandardISO/OSIreferencemodel,withamainaddress----thelowesttwolevelsofphysicalLayer,datalinklayerfunctionsandtheinterfacewiththenetworklayerservice,high-levelfunctionsrelatedtoInternetinterconnection.Datalinklayerisdividedintotwosub-layers:

LogicalLinkControlLLCandmediaaccesscontrolMAC（MediumAccessControl）（or:

mediaaccesscontrol）.

1）PhysicalLayer

Achievebit-streamtransmissionandreception,creationanddeletionsynchronizationsequencetoprovidethesignalused,coding,andmedium,providedthenetworktopologyandtransmissionrate.

Inthelocalareanetwork,thesignalcodingisoftenusedManchesterencoding,mediaaretwistedpair,coaxialcable,opticalfiber,multi-topologyasbus,star,tree,ring;transferrateof1Mbps,4Mbps,10Mbps,100Mbpsandsoon.

ThephysicallayerLANstandardsdevelopedbythemaincontent:

1.Transmissionmediumandthecorrespondingdistance

2.Transferrate

3.Physicalinterfacemechanicalproperties,electricalproperties,performancecharacteristicsandnormativecharacteristics

4.Transmitcodedsignals

5.Errorcheckingandsynchronizationsignalgenerationanddeletion

6.Topology

7.PhysicalSignaling:

serviceprimitive

2）MACsub-layer:

MACsub-layer（MACsublayer）mainfunctionisareasonableallocationofthechanneltoaddresstheproblemofchannelcompetitionandsenddata,thedatareceivedwillbeassembledonthefloorwiththeMACaddressintothefieldsanderrordetectiondataframe,thereceiverdataandcompletethedemolitionoftheframeaddressrecognitionanderrorcontrol.

IEEE802standardspecifiestheMACaddressof48bits,16hexnumbersby12,eachcardhasagloballyuniqueMACaddress.ManufacturersproducingcardstoapplytotheIEEEMACaddressofthefirstthreebytes（high24）,knownasthe"addressblock",afterthethreebytesdiscretionarybythemanufacturer,theproductionnetworkcard'sMAC6bytesaddressishardcodedinthenetworkcard.

3）LLCsub-layer（LogicalLinkControlsub-layer）:

Mainfunctionistoestablish,maintain,sustainandreleaseofdatalink,providingoneormoreserviceaccesspointstothehigh-level（networklayer）toprovideconnection-orientedandconnectionlessservices,Inaddition,toensureerror-freetransmissionthroughtheLAN,LLClayeralsoprovideserrorcontrolandflowcontrolfunctions,ithasnothingtodowiththetransmissionmedium.

1.1.5Mediaaccesscontrolmethods

1.1.5.1.CarrierSenseMultipleAccess/CollisionDetection（CSMA/CD）

Inthesharedchannelnetwork,eachsitecandeterminethestateofthechannel.Judgementistousethesitetoareceiveronfromthechannelreceiverchannelsignal,andifthechannellevelhaschanged,thatis,theso-calledcarrier,indicatingthatthechannelbyothersitesoccupied;ifthechannellevelhasnotchanged,indicatingthatthechannelisidle.

CSMAcontrolscheme:

（1）astationtobesent,firstofallneedtomonitorthebustodeterminewhetherthereismediatosendsignalstoothersites.

（2）Ifthemediumisidle,youcansend.

（3）Ifthemediumisbusy,thenwaitacertainintervalandtryagain.

Themaximumutilizationofthemediadependsonthelengthandpropagationtimeframe.Framelongerorshortertraveltime,higherutilizationbythemedia.

CDcollisiondetection:

Senddata,sendthesideedgedetection,buttheconflictisdetectedthesignal,thencancelthetransfer,sendashortjammingsignal,tostrengthentheconflict,sothatallsitestha