Unit Six The Making of a Surgeon.docx
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UnitSixTheMakingofaSurgeon
UnitSixTheMakingofaSurgeon
一.KeyWord
1.making:
n.
a)theprocessofapersonorthingthatmakes
E.g.ThemakingoftheEnglishlanguageisaninterestingsubject.
b)themeansorcauseofsuccessorgreatimprovementoradvancement
E.g.Hardworkwillbethemakingofyou.
2.surgeon:
n.
a)doctor
E.g.Manyliveshavebeensavedbythisfamoussurgeon.
b)surgery:
(n.)operation
E.g.Cancerusuallyrequiressurgery.
c)surgical:
(adj)
E.g.Asurgeonalwayswearsasurgicalmaskintheoperationroom.
3.conclude:
vt.
a)arriveatabelieforopinionbyreasoning
E.g.Thecommanderconcluded,fromtheevidence,thattheenemyflednorth.
b)comeorbringtoanend
E.g.TheOlympicGamesisscheduledtoconcludeonAugust23.
c)arrange;bringabout
E.g.Thetwocountriesconcludedapeacetreaty.
4.critical:
a.
a)importantatatimeofdangeranddifficulty
E.g.Heroesemergeatcriticalmomentinhistory.
b)fault-finding
E.g.Hehaswrittenseveralcriticalarticlesonthefilm.
5.particular:
a.
a)singleanddifferentfromothers;ofacertainsort
E.g.Hewasn'twatchingusatallatthatparticularmoment.
b)Worthyofnotice;special;unusual
E.g.TheparticularnatureofhisjobkeepsJamesBondonguardallthetime.
c)detailed;exact
E.g.Givemeafullandparticulardescriptionofwhathappened.
d)(about)showing(too)muchcareorinterest;hardtoplease
E.g.Womenareusuallyparticularastowhattheywear.
6.case:
n.
a)instanceofdiseaseorinjury
E.g.Emergencycasesmustbetreatedfirst.
b)actualstateofaffairs,instanceoftheoccurrenceofsth.
E.g.SufferingcanhavebeneficialresultsandcertainlyIknowthatwastrueinmycase.
c)questiontobedecidedinalawcourt
E.g.Thecaseisstillunderpoliceinvestigation.
7.constant:
adj.&n.
a)(a.)happeningallthetime
E.g.Therentislowbecauseoftheconstantnoisefromthemill.
b)(a.)remainingthesame
E.g.Iwonderifloveisconstant.
c)(a.)faithful
E.g.Healoneremainsconstanttothequick-temperedmusician.
8.resolve:
v.&n.
a)(v.)solve,putanendto
E.g.Actingasanadvisor,heresolvedthedoubtsamongus.
b)(v.)decidefirmly,determine
E.g.Heresolvedthatnothingwouldholdhimback.
c)(n.)sth.thathasbeendecided,decision
E.g.OnNewYear'sDay,hemadearesolvetogojoggingtwiceaweek.
9.sound:
adj.
a)correct,basedongoodjudgement
E.g.Youcandependonherforasoundjudgement.
b)healthy,ingoodcondition
E.g.Herheartisassoundasadrum.
10.handle:
v.&n.
a)(v.)manage,dealwith
E.g.Anofficermustknowhowtohandlemen.
b)(v.)touch,takeup
E.g.Thestampcollectorwasheshishandbeforehandlingstamps.
c)(v.)operate,direct,train
E.g.Aftertwomonths'training,theworkernowhandlesthemachinewithease.
d)(n.)partofatool,cup,door,drawer,etc.bywhichitmaybeheldinthehand
E.g.Holdthehandlebarofabiketightly,youwon'tfalldown.
11.anticipate:
vt
a)seeanddowhatisnecessary
E.g.Agoodteachershouldanticipatewhatthestudentsneed.
b)expect
E.g.Ianticipatehisarrivalwithmuchpleasure.
12.bother:
v.&n.
a)(vt.)annoy,trouble
E.g.Iamsorryforbotheringyouwithsomanyquestions.
b)(vi.)worry
E.g.Idon'tseeanyreasonforbotheringwithsuchapettymatter.
c)(n.)worry,trouble
E.g.Whatalotofbotheraboutnothing!
二.UsefulPhrases
1.drawtoaclose/anend:
cometoanend;conclude
E.g.Thesummervacationindrawingtoaclose.
2.livewith:
accept(sthunpleasant)
E.g.Youmustlivewiththefactthatyouarenolongerashealthyasyouare.
3.dwellon/upon:
thinkabout,speakorwritealotabout
E.g.Itdoesn'tdotodwelltoomuchonone'sshortcomings.
4.beboundto:
becertainto
E.g.Lookatthecloudlesssky!
Itisboundtoclearup.
5.butterfliesonone'sstomach:
afeelingoffearoranxious
E.g.Whenherturnfortheoraltestcame,shesuddenlyhadbutterfliesinherstomach.
6.inadvance:
beforeoraheadoftime
E.g.There'salwaysagreatdemandfortickets,you'dbetterbookyourseatswellinadvance.
7.siton:
donothingabout,neglect
E.g.It'sunfortunatethatourdirectorsimplysatonoursuggestionanddidnothingaboutit.
三.SynonymDiscrimination
1.treatcure
treat:
Toacceptasapatient,todiagnoseillnessandtohelprelieveit
cure:
tobringbacktohealth,stressingthepositiveresultofmedicaltreatment
E.g.Thebonefractureinthetruckdriver'sleftlegwasbeingcarefullytreated.
Doctorsandscientistsmaydiscoveratanymomentnowhowtocurecancer.
2.encountermeet
encounter:
moreformalword;stronglytoimplyacasualorunexpectedmeeting.
meet:
commonword.toseepeople
E.g.Heencounteredmanydifficultiesanhisjourneyaroundtheworld.
Hepromisedtomeetherattheairport.
Period3-4
I.BackgroundInformation
Abouttheauthor.
Dr.WilliamA.Nolen(1928-1986),awell-knownAmericanSurgeonandwriter.
Threetypesofdoctors
1)Generalpractitioners
Ageneralpractitionercaresforpatientswithallkindsofillness.Hemaynothavespecialtraininginanyonefieldofmedicine,butdevelopsawideknowledgeofallkindsofillness.Hedeliversbabies,diagnosesdiseases,performssurgery,andsetsbrokenbones.Thegeneralpractitioneroftenbecomesextremelyskillfulintheartofmedicalpractice.
2)Specialists
Certainfieldsofmedicinerequirespecialadvancedtrainingandskill.Onespecialististhesurgeon,whotreatsdiseasesbymeansofsurgicaloperations.
Somedoctorsprefertotreatonlycertainkindsofillness,thusbecomingspecialistsintheirchosenfields.Otherdoctorsoftenconsultthemwhenapatientneedstheirspecialskillandknowledge.Forexample,ageneralpractitionermightreferapregnantwomantoanobstetrician.Theobstetriciancaresforheranddeliversherbaby.
3)Researchers
Somedoctorsdonotpracticemedicineaftertheycompletemedicaltraining.Theyprefertodevotetheirtimetomedicalresearch.Thesedoctorsoftenhelpteachfuturephysiciansinmedicalschools.Atthesametime,theyusethelaboratoriesandhospitalfacilitiesofthemedicalschooltoconductresearchprograms.
Manymedicalresearchersworkinlargehospitalcenters,whilemanyphysiciansconductresearchprogramsinadditiontotheirprivatepractices.
II.Warm-upQuestionsandOralPractice
Pre-readingquestions:
SamuelJohnson,thefamous18thcenturyEnglishscholar,says,‘self-confidenceisthefirstrequisitetogreatundertakings.’Giveabriefcommentonthissaying.
Areyouaself-confidentperson?
Ifyes,whathasmadeyouconfidentofyourself?
Ifno,whathasmadeyoulackinginself-confidence?
Inyouropinion,howcanapersonlackinginself-confidencebecomeself-confident?
IIImainidea
ReadthetextquicklyandWorkingroupstogetthemainideaofeachpart.
Teachertellsthemainideaofeachpart.
AnswerthequestionsofP144
Ineachgroup,everypersonarerequiredtoanswer2-3questions.(10minutes)
P143comprehensionofthetext.
Post-readingquestions:
WhatquestiondidDr.Nolenaskhimselfastheyearofhischiefresidencycametoanend?
Whatwashisanswer?
Whywasthedoctorabletosleepwellinthelastmonthofhisresidency?
Whatdoyouthinkofhisattitudetowardserrors?
DoyouagreewithDr.Nolenthatasurgeonneedsconceit?
Doyouthinkallconceitedpeoplewilldowellintheirword?
Whyorwhynot?
IV.TextStructureAnalysis
Outlineofthetexts
ThisarticleiswrittenbyDr.WilliamNolen.Dr.Nolenisawell-knownAmericansurgeonandwriter.Herevealstousinhisarticlethathe,asadoctor,hadgonealongwaybeforehebecameasurgeon.Then,whatquality,accordingtoDr.Nolen,isessentialinthemakingofasurgeonandatwhatpointoftimedoesadoctorfinallybecomeasurgeon?
PartI.(Para1-2)Theauthorraisesthequestionandgivestheanswer.(Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.)
PartII.(Para.3-6)Theauthorsupportsthemainideabygivingexamples.
PartIII.Para.7Theauthorrepeatsandstrengthensthemainidea.(Conceitencouragesadoctorintryingmoments.)
Summaryofthetext
FromDr.WilliamNolenownexperienceandpractice,hetellsushowtobecomeasuccessfulsurgeon.Accordingtohim,self-confidenceisessentialinthemakingofasurgeon,andonlywhenadoctorhasbuiltupperfectconfidenceinhimselforherself,willheorshereallybeasurgeon.Thatistosay,tomakeasurgeon,heorshetriestoovercomeanxiety,hesitation,worry,andfear.Finally,whenheorshefeelsveryconfident,heorshewillbeaperfectsurgeon.
Period5-6DetailedStudy:
LanguagePoints
Themakingofasurgeon
Thetitlemeans“Thecauseofasurgeon’ssuccess.”
Translatedas“外科医生的成功之道”
“making”meansofgainingsuccess“成功之道”;e.g.
①Theperseverancewasthemakingofthewriter.
(坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。
)
而inthemaking=intheprocessofbeingmade;readytobeproduced“在制造中,在酝酿中”;e.g.
②Ourplansarestillinthemaking.
(我们的计划还在酝酿之中。
)
另外,makings=thequalitiesneeded(具有)成为…所需的素质;e.g.
Hehasthemakingsofagooddoctor.
(他具有成为好医生的素质。
)
Para.1-2
Listentothetapeandfindtheanswerstothequestions
1.WhatquestiondidDr.Nolenaskhimselfastheyearofhischiefresidencycametoanend?
2.Whatwashisanswer?
Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintime(whenheisfinallya“surgeon”)?
AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.
Theanswer,Iconcluded,wasself-confidence.Whenyoucansaytoyourself,“ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently,treatjustaswellasorbetterthananyothersurgeon”—t