toefl单复数不同和易用混的单词附听力试题与答案doc.docx
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toefl单复数不同和易用混的单词附听力试题与答案doc
TOEFL单复数不同和易用混的单词
虽然与GRE比起来,托福的词汇简直是小巫见大巫,但是托福中有些词汇真的是非常容易搞混,同吋托福词汇中有一批单词,其单复数含义有很大不同,现在一并列出,供大家参考。
容易用混的词:
incredible,incredulous
incredible:
“无法相信的”、“难以置信的”、转义为“奇妙的”
incredulous:
“不相信的”、“怀疑的”
alibi,excuse
excuse和alibi都有“借口”的意思。
excuse含有承认自己不对的意味,只是想找一理由借以避免或减轻责任。
alibi基本上是法律用语,指受指控的案件发生时,不在现场。
alibi在口语巾可作excuse(借口)用,但这类借口往往是杜撰的。
alien,foreigner
两个词都是“外国人”,但感情色彩不同。
foreigner用得比较普遍,多少带有友好的意味。
alien可作为法律用语,语气较冷峻。
allege,assert
这两个词都有“宣称”的意思
allege并没有让人信服的证据,因而语气较弱
assert比较有根据,因而语气较强
allowfor,allowof
Allowfor:
“将…考虑在内”
Allowof:
“容许”
allude,refer
refer(to)用于直接提起人或事情allude(to)用于暗指或不直接地指人或事怙
alternate,alternative
alternate:
“交替的”、“轮流的”
alternative:
“另外可供选择的”
已经有了用alternate来代替alternative的倾向。
英文报刊常提到用
alternatefuels(其他燃料)來代替gasoline(汽油);飞行员遇到恶劣天气无发降落时会提到alternatelandingfield(另择降落机场),后者显然不是指飞行员准备施展飞行技术,轮番在不同飞行跑道尝试降落。
alternative,choicealternative:
必须做出的严肃或重人的抉择,而II经常是两者必选其一。
choice:
多指一般的选择,而JI有更大的自由,即可选可不选。
amaze,surprise
amaze:
多指因wonderandbewilderment(难以弄懂或困惑)而引起的惊奇。
surprise:
多用于因事情unusualandunexpected(不寻常或未料到)而产也的诧异,侧重于“意外”。
amiable,amicable
两个词都有“亲切”、“友好”的意思。
amiable多用于指人
amicable多指关系
amoral,immoral
amoral:
只是指与道德无关或不知何谓道德
immoral:
说一个人或一件事情不道德
anxious,eager
anxious往往出于worry(忧虑)或anxiety(担心);eager则出于enthusiasm(热衷)。
因此,如果要表示“孩子们热切地盼望圣诞节来临”,用ThechildrenareeagerforChristmastocome.
apt,liable,likely
apt和likely后接不定式吋,区别极为细微。
likely指一件事情极可能发生,但不一定发生
apt指一件一定会发生的事惜
liable—般和不理想的事情,如:
此外,apt的含义比likely广,另可指“恰当的”、“有能力的anaptremark、anaptstudent、beaptatlearning
arbitrate,mediate
arbitrate:
仲裁,一般按一定的法律程序进行操作,所作最后决定对接受仲裁双方(或多方)都有约來力
mediate:
调解,即帮助排解纠纷和解决分歧,所作决定无法律上的约束力。
ardor,passion
两个词都表示strongemotions(热烈的感情),均可用于对待事业或对待个人。
然而,passion这个词因用得太多过滥而“变味”,词意发生了很大的变化。
现在passion用于人已经从“热情”上升为love或sexualdesire,菜文报刊上经常出现的crimeofpassion(性犯罪)即是一例。
passion用于事物时,“热情”已变为“喜欢”或“极爱好”等。
在表示“热情”和“激情”时,ardor似乎比较正宗,ardor的原意是burning,燃烧自然与热情有关。
assent,consent
assent:
指赞许某种意见或建议consent:
指对提岀的要求表示同意或让步assume,presume
这两个词都有“认为”、“以为”、“猎测”时,都只是基于--定的逻辑推理,未必有确切的根据。
比较而言,assumeE为确定一些,presume则更多地带有猜测的成分,因此常用于疑问句。
此外,assume还可以用于提Hi假设。
attorney,counsel,lawyer
三个词都可以广义地译为“律师”。
lawyer用得最为广泛,凡经过专业训练获得开业资格的无论哪种律师都可以称lawyen
attorney指由当樂人授权处理法律事物的律师,因此可以说:
Mr.Smithisalawyer,butMr.Thompsonisnotmyattorney.
counsel是指给当事人出主意并代当事人在法庭说话的法律顾问或辩护律师,在法庭上,法官称呼参与审讯的律师也用counsel。
由于lawyer—词使用太多,加上西方社会对律师时有讥讽和诽闻,这个词多少带有贬义,因此律师一般自称attorney。
实际上这三个词经常可以互换。
avenge,revenge
avenge更多地含有“伸张正义”的意义
revenge侧重“报复”
用avenge时,主语往往不是受害者;受害者或具体事件作为avenge的宾语。
revenge,主语通常是受害者本人,因此后可接反身代词,
Herevengedhimself.
banquet,feast
从词源上看,banquet原意是bench(长凳),古时西方人同坐在长凳上吃喝就是“宴会”了,出席者一般有一定的身份,因而banquet带有正式和庄重的意味。
因此banquet多用于宴请外国首脑或较正式的公务、商务宴请。
feast则用于娱乐性的宴请,或家宴。
base,basis,foundation
base做名词时意为“底部”、“底座”等,多用于具体事物。
basis一般用于抽象事物。
base也可用于抽象事物,如:
thebaseofatheory(理论基础),这时它和basis区别不大,然而basis在现代英语屮用得越来越广泛。
尤以onabasis为甚:
onacountractbasis(合同制)
foundation指具体事物时和base相似,但一般指高大建筑物的基础;用于指抽象事物时与basis相似。
无论指哪一种,foundation均给人以坚实和牢固的感觉。
bonafide,bonafides
bonafide:
adv.adj.ingoodfaith
bona-fideenquiries诚意的询M
bonafides:
n.goodfaithcapital,capitol
capital:
theseatofgovernment苗都、昔府
capitohthebulidinginwhichthegovernmentsits政府大楼
theCapitol—美国国会大厦
chef,cook
chef来自法语,似乎身价更高一些,多指大洒楼的厨师
cook源于古英语,多指一般的厨师或炊事人员
childish,childlike
childish孩子气的,指孩子不如人意的地方,如不懂事、幼稚、傻气等,带有贬义childlike孩子般的,多指孩子讨人喜欢的方面,如天真、纯洁、真诚等
company,firm
根掘英美企业法,firm只足指partnership(合伙公司)或unincorporatedbusiness(非责任有限公司),company则可指corporation(责任有限公司)
complement,compliment
complements.(使)完成、补充、补足n.补充物
complimentv.n.表扬、赞姜
comprehendunderstand
understand是深度和广度都超过comprehend的“理解”
Youmaycomprehendeverywordinthispassage,butyoumaynotunderstanditsoverallmeaning.
consistent,persistent
consistent:
adj.前后-•致的,始终如一的
persistent:
adj.坚持不懈的,锲而不舍的
constrain,restrain
constrain:
强迫、迫使
restrain:
束缚、限制行动
记忆要诀:
con-前缀一般都有“把。
。
。
聚集/汇拢在•-•起”的意念,带有强制性的感觉,因此constrain是“强迫、迫使”re-前缀一般是指“向后的运动”
discreet-discrete,discretion
discreet/di’skrit,di'skri:
t/:
a(ofpeopleortheirbehaviour)carefulandpolite,esp.inwhatonechooses(not)tosay;showinggoodsenseandjudgem-entadiscreetsilence,opposite(反义词):
indiscreetdiscrete/di’skrit,di’skri:
t/a.(esp.techorfml)seperate,discontinuous
discretions.
(1)thequalityofbeingdiscreet
(2)theabilitytodecidewhatismostsuitabletobedone(3)atsomeone’discretion:
accordingtosomeone’sdecision(4)yearsofdiscretion:
the/anagewhenoneisconsidered(5)discreti-onisthebetterpartofvalour:
advice忠告air空气ash灰燃beef牛肉
advices消息airs风度、祌气ashes骨灰beeves食用牛,菜牛
blue兰色brain脑髓colour颜色compass罗盘
blues烦闷,忧郁brians脑力colours旗帜compasses圆规
custom>」惯,风俗damage损害effect效果copper铜
customs海关,关税damages赔偿金effects动产,家产coppers铜线
fetters囚禁,束缚experiences经历foots渣滓force力
fetter脚镣experience经脸foot脚forces军队,兵力
fund资金green绿色ground土地gut肠子
funds现金greens蔬菜grounds根据,理由guts内脏,内容,勇气
heaven天国honour荣替iron铁letter信,字母
heavens天空honours优等成绩irons燎铸letters文学
line行look脸色,看manner方式minute分钟
lines诗歌looks容貌manners礼貌minutes会议记录
moral教训oil油pain痛苦part部分
morals品行oils汕画pains辛苦,努力parts才能
physic药品premise前提quarter四分之一return回来
physics物理premises房屋quarters住宅returns利润
sand沙saving节约scale风度silk绸
sands沙滩savings储金scales天〒silks绸衣
spectacle景象spirit精祌step步骤,脚步time时间spectacles眼镜spirits烈洒steps台阶times时代
troop群,队water水wit有才能的人work工作troops军队waters海涕wits智力works工厂content容量,内容drawer抽屉contentsR录drawers衬裤
1.(A)Theydon’tenjoyswimming.
(B)Theywon’tgoswimminginthelaketoday
(C)Theydon’tknowhowtoswim
(D)They’llswiminthelaketomorrow.
2.(A)Thestyleofsweatershe\wearingisverycommon.
(B)ThemansawJillwearingthesweater.
(C)Sheworesweaterforthefirsttimeyesterday.
(D)Sheusuallydoesn,tborrowclothsfromJilL
3.(A)Hewenttoseethedentistaweekago.
(B)Thewomanshouldcancelherappointmentwiththedentist.
(C)Thewoman’stoothachewillgoawaybyitself.
(D)Thewomanshouldhaveseenthedentistbynow.
4.(A)She,splanningatriptoAntarctica.
(B)Shethinksattendingthelecturew川behelpfultoher.
(C)Hergeographyclassisrequiredtoattendthelecture.
(D)Shehasalreadyfinishedwritingherreport.
5
(A)Thewomanshouldjointhechessclub
(B)He’snotaverygoodchessplayer
(C)Thewomanneedsalotoftimetoplaychess
(D)He’swillingtoteachthewomanhowtoplaychess
6
(A)AskAliceifthemancanborrowthenoveL
(B)ReturnthenoveltoAliceimmediately.
(C)Helpthemanfindhisowncopyofthenovel
(D)Findouthowmuchthenovelcosts.
7
(A)Hehasalreadytastedthechocolatepudding.
(B)Chocolateishisfavoriteflavor.
(C)Hedoesn^twantanychocolatepudding.
(D)Thereisnomorechocolatepuddingleft.
8.
(A)Seethemovieatatheatercloseby.
(B)Waituntillatertoseethemovie.
(C)ConsiderseeinganEnglishversionofthemovie.
(D)CallthePineStreetCinematoseewhattimethemoviestarts.
(A)Hedoesn’tknowhowtofindthestudent’sgrade.
(B)Hedoesn’tknowifDr.Wilsonhasfinishedgradingthemidtermexams.
(C)Heisn^tallowedtotellthestudenthergrade.
(D)Dr.Wilsondoesn^twanttobecontractedwhileshe^saway.
10
(A)Shehadtowaitevenlongerthanthemandidtohavehercarinspected.
(B)Themanshouldhavehadhiscarinspectedsooner.
(C)Theautoinspectioncenterwillbeclosedattheendofthemonth.
(D)Themandoesn’tneedtohavehiscarinspecteduntilnextmonth.
11.
(A)Hecanactasasubjectintheexperiment.
(B)Hethinksthewoman\sexperimentisdifficulttounder$tand.
(C)He'sbusyworkingonthisownexperiment.
(D)He’swillingtohelpthewomanrun(?
)theexperiment.
12
(A)Lookforthemisplacedcheck.
(B)Askthebookstoreforarefund
(C)Borrowsomecashfromthewoman
(D)Repairthisdesk13
(A)Hehadn9theardthatKarenhadanewroommate.
(B)Karenwouldn'tgivespecificreasonsforherfeelings-
(C)HethinksthatKarenshouldn'tbeangiy
(D)Karenwon^tbegettinganewroommateafterall.
14
(A)Thewomandidn’tsubmitthethesisproposaltohimontime.
(B)Heretumedthethesisproposaltothewomanaweekago.
(C)Hehasn’treadthethesisproposalyet.
(D)Thethesisproposalisn’tacceptable.
15
(A)Itonlycost$400.
(B)Heboughtitayearago.
(C)Ithasbrokendown.
(D)Ifsnotasbadashislastcar.
16
(A)Purchasesomeingredients.
(B)Givethemanarecipe.
(C)Writedownthedirectionstothesupermarket.
(D)Checktoseeifthestewisready.
17
(A)Hearrivedatthetheaterlater.
(B)Helefthiswatchinthetheater.
(C)Theproductionseemedmuchshorterthanitactuallywas
(D)Hedidnotenjoytheproduction
18
(A)Hecan’tunderstandtheinstructions.
(B)Hedoesn’thaveacomputer
(C)Hehasadegreeincomputerscience.
(D)Heneedstotakehiscomputertoberepaired.
(A)Arrangebyphonetohaveabucketdelivered.
(B)Deliverthepapersherself.
(C)Takeherrecyclingtothetownoffice
(D)Returnthebuckettotherecyclingdepartment.
20
(A)Sheprefershereggsfried.
(B)Shenevereatsbreakfast
(C)Shegetsanallergicreactionwheneatingeggs.
(D)Shedoesn’teatalotforbreakfast.
21
(A)Hedoesn’tknowanythingaboutengineering.
(B)Hewantsthewomantopostponethetalk
(C)Hehasn’tfinishedpreparingforhispresentation
(D)Heregularlygivestalkstohighschoolstudents.
22
(A)Hetoldthewomantotakesevencoursesthissemester.
(B)Heknewthatthewoman’sschedulewouldbetoodifficultforher.
(C)Hiscurrentscheduleisalsoverydemanding.
(D)Takingsomanyclasseswillenablethewomantograduateearly
23.
(A)Heneedshelprepairinghistruck
(B)Hedoesn'twanttousehistruckforthefieldtrip.
(C)Thewomancanusehislruckifsheagreestodrive.
(D)Hedoesn’tthinkallthetelescopeswillfitinthistruck
24.
(A)Dr.Lubywon’tbetakingstudentstoNewYorkthisyear.
(B)Shedoesn’tknowwherethemancanbuytheatertickets.
(C)Dr.LubyisperforminginplayonBroadway.
(D)She\sgoingonatheatertripwithDr.Luby.
25
(A)Thewoman’ssourceofinformationisreliable.
(B)Hedidn'tenjoytakinghistorywithDr.Parker.
(C)HethoughtDr.Parker’stestswereeasy.
(D)Dr.Parkerisnolongerteachinghistory.
26
26
(A)Themandoesn’thaveairconditioning.
(B)Theman’sairconditionerisbroken.
(C)Themanhasn’tbeenusinghisairconditioner.
(D)Thesummerhasbeenunusuallyhot.
27
(A)Hehasdecidedhowhe’sgoingtospendtheprizemoney.
(B)Hedoesn^tknowhowmuchhisrentisgoingtoincrease.
(C)He’salreadyplanningtoenter(?
)nextyear’sessaycontest.
(D)Hehasalreadypaidhislandlordfornextyear^srent.
28
(A)Heniprobablypo