夜莺颂及其赏析.docx
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夜莺颂及其赏析
OdeToANightingale
JohnKeats
夜莺颂
济慈
Myheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspains
Mysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,
Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains
Oneminutepast,andLethe-wardshadsunk
我的心痛，困顿和麻木
毒害了感官，犹如饮过毒鸩，
又似刚把鸦片吞服，
一分钟的时间，字句在忘川中沉没
'Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,
Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,--
Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees
Insomemelodiousplot
Ofbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,
Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.
并不是我嫉妒你的好运，
而是你的快乐使我太欢欣，
在林间嘹亮的天地里
你呵，林间轻翅的精灵，
躲进山毛榉的葱绿和阴荫影
放开了歌喉，歌唱着夏季。
O,foradraughtofvintage!
thathathbeen
Cool'dalongageinthedeep-delvedearth,
TastingofFloraandthecountrygreen,
Dance,andProvencalsong,andsunburntmirth!
OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth,
Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene,
Withbeadedbubbleswinkingatthebrim,
Andpurple-stainedmouth
ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,
Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim
哎，要是有一口酒！
那冷藏
在地下多年的甘醇，
味如花神、绿土、
舞蹈、恋歌和灼热的欢乐！
哎，满满一杯南方的温暖，
充满了鲜红的灵感之泉，
杯沿明灭着珍珠的泡沫，
给红唇染上紫斑
我要一饮而尽悄然离开尘寰
和你同去幽暗的林中隐没
Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforget
Whatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown,
Theweariness,thefever,andthefret
Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;
Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgrayhairs,
Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,anddies;
Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow
Andleaden-eyeddespairs,
WhereBeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,
OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow.
远远地，远远的隐没，让我忘掉
你在树林间从不知道的一切，
忘记这疲惫、热病和急躁
使人对坐而悲叹的世界
在这里，
少许麻痹，悲伤就会蔓延至后几丝白发；
在这里，
青春苍白，伴随着灵魂的游离和肉体的死亡；
在这里，
稍一思索，就充满了忧伤和灰色的绝望；
在这里，
美人守不住善睐明眸。
在这里，
爱的思恋不会保鲜到明天！
Away!
away!
forIwillflytothee,
NotchariotedbyBacchusandhispards,
ButontheviewlesswingsofPoesy,
Thoughthedullbrainperplexesandretards
Alreadywiththee!
tenderisthenight,
AndhaplytheQueen-Moonisonherthrone,
Cluster'daroundbyallherstarryFays;
Butherethereisnolight,
Savewhatfromheaveniswiththebreezesblown
Throughverdurousgloomsandwindingmossyways.
去吧！
去吧！
我要飞向你，
不用酒神的车辗和他的随从，
乘着诗歌无形的翅膀，
尽管这头脑已经困顿、疲惫，
去了！
呵，我已经和你同往！
夜色温柔，而月后
正登上她的宝座，
周围是她所有的星星仙子，
但这处却不甚明亮，
只有一线光，被微风带过
闪亮了葱绿的幽暗，和苔藓的曲径。
Icannotseewhatflowersareatmyfeet,
Norwhatsoftincensehangsupontheboughs,
But,inembalmeddarkness,guesseachsweet
Wherewiththeseasonablemonthendows
Thegrass,thethicket,andthefruit-treewild;
Whitehawthorn,andthepastoraleglantine;
Fastfadingvioletscover'dupinleaves;
Andmid-May'seldestchild,
Thecomingmusk-rose,fullofdewywine,
Themurmuroushauntoffliesonsummereves.
我不能看清是哪些花在我脚旁，
何种软香悬于高枝，
在这温馨的幽暗里，我猜测每一种甜蜜
以其时令的赠与
青草地、灌木丛、野果树
白山楂和田园玫瑰；
叶堆中易谢的紫罗兰；
还有五月中旬的娇宠，
这啜满了露酒的麝香蔷薇，
她成了夏夜蚊蚋嗡萦的港湾。
DarklingIlisten;and,formanyatime
IhavebeenhalfinlovewitheasefulDeath,
Call'dhimsoftnamesinmanyamusedrhyme,
Totakeintotheairmyquietbreath;
Nowmorethaneverseemsitrichtodie,
Toceaseuponthemidnightwithnopain,
Whilethouartpouringforththysoulabroad
Insuchanecstasy!
Stillwouldstthousing,andIhaveearsinvain--
Tothyhighrequiembecomeasod.
我在黑暗里倾听，多少次
我几乎爱上了静谧的死亡，
在如此多的沉思之韵中呼唤她轻柔的名，
编织成歌，求他把我的气息散入空茫；
而现在，死更是多么富丽，
在午夜不带悲伤，溘然魂离人间，
当你正向外倾泻灵魂
这般的迷狂！
你仍在歌唱，而我已不再听见——
你那高昂的安魂曲只是对着一搓泥土。
Thouwastnotbornfordeath,immortalBird!
Nohungrygenerationstreadtheedown;
ThevoiceIhearthispassingnightwasheard
Inancientdaysbyemperorandclown:
Perhapstheself-samesongthatfoundapath
ThroughthesadheartofRuth,when,sickforhome,
Shestoodintearsamidthealiencorn;
Thesamethatoft-timeshath
Charm'dmagiccasements,openingonthefoam
Ofperilousseas,infaerylandsforlorn.
Forlorn!
theverywordislikeabell
Totollmebackfromtheetomysoleself!
Adieu!
thefancycannotcheatsowell
Assheisfam'dtodo,deceivingelf.
Adieu!
adieu!
thyplaintiveanthemfades
Pastthenearmeadows,overthestillstream,
Upthehill-side;andnow'tisburieddeep
Inthenextvalley-glades:
Wasitavision,orawakingdream?
Fledisthatmusic:
--DoIwakeorsleep?
永生的鸟啊！
你本不为了死亡而出生！
饥饿的时代无法把你蹂躏；
这逝去的夜晚里我所听见的
在那远古的日子也曾为帝王和小丑听见；
可能相同的歌在露丝那颗忧愁的心中
找到了一条路径，当她思念故乡，
站在异邦的谷田中落泪；
这声音常常
在遗失的仙域里引动窗扉
望向大海如泡沫般的浪花
遗失！
这个字如同一声钟响
把我从你处带回，剩下单独的自我！
别了！
幻想，这骗人的妖童。
当她不再能够耍弄她魅惑的伎俩。
别了！
别了！
你哀伤的圣歌
隐入草地，流过溪水，涌上山坡；
而此时，它正深深
埋在下一个山谷的阴影中：
噫，是幻觉，还是梦寐？
那歌声去了：
——我是睡？
是醒？
"OdetoaNightingale"isa poem by JohnKeats writteninMay1819ineitherthegardenofthe SpaniardsInn, Hampstead,or,asaccordingtoKeats'friend CharlesArmitageBrown,underaplumtreeinthegardenof KeatsHouse, Hampstead, London.AccordingtoBrown,anightingalehadbuiltitsnestnearhishomeinthespringof1819.Inspiredbythebird'ssong,Keatscomposedthepoeminoneday.Itsoonbecameoneofhis 1819odes andwasfirstpublishedin AnnalsoftheFineArts thefollowingJuly."OdetoaNightingale"isapersonalpoemthatdescribesKeats'sjourneyintothestateof NegativeCapability.ThetoneofthepoemrejectstheoptimisticpursuitofpleasurefoundwithinKeats'searlierpoems,anditexploresthethemesofnature, transience andmortality,thelatterbeingparticularlypersonaltoKeats.
Thenightingaledescribedwithinthepoemexperiencesatypeofdeathbutitdoesnotactuallydie.Instead,thesongbirdiscapableoflivingthroughitssong,whichisafatethathumanscannotexpect.Thepoemendswithanacceptancethatpleasurecannotlastandthatdeathisaninevitablepartoflife.Inthepoem,Keatsimaginesthelossofthephysicalworldandseeshimselfdead—asa"sod"overwhichthe nightingale sings.Thecontrastbetweentheimmortalnightingaleandmortalman,sittinginhisgarden,ismadeallthemoreacutebyaneffortoftheimagination.Thepresenceofweatherisnoticeableinthepoem,asspringcameearlyin1819,whichbroughtnightingalesalloverthe heath.Manycriticsfavor"OdetoaNightingale"foritsthemesbutsomebelievethatitisstructurallyflawedbecausethepoemsometimesstrayedfromitsmainidea.
"OdetoaNightingale"wasprobablythefirstofthemiddlesetoffourodesthatKeatswrotefollowing"OdetoPsyche"asimpliedbyBrown.ThereisfurtherevidenceinthestructureofthepoemsbecauseKeatscombinestwodifferenttypesoflyricalinanexperimentalway:
theodalhymnandthelyricofquestioningvoicethatrespondstotheodalhymn.Thiscombinationofstructuresissimilartothatin"OdeonaGrecianUrn".Inbothpoemsthedualformcreatesasortofdramaticelementwithinthepoem.Thestanzaformsofthepoemisacombinationofelementsfrom Petrarchansonnets and Shakespeareansonnets.[8]
Whenitcametovowelforms,Keatsincorporatedapatternofalternatinghistorically"short"and"long"vowelsoundsinhisode.Inparticular,line18（"Andpurple-stainedmouth"）hasthehistoricalpatternof"short"followedby"long"followedby"short"andfollowedby"long".Thisalterationiscontinuedinlongerlines,includingline31（"Away!
away!
forIwillflytothee"）whichcontainsfivepairsofalternations.However,otherlines,suchasline3（"Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains"）relyonapatternoffive"short"vowelsfollowedby"long"voweland"short"vowelpairingsuntilitendswitha"long"vowel.Thesearenottheonlycombinationpatternspresent,andtherearepatternsoftwo"short"vowelsfollowedbya"long"vowelinotherlines,including12,22,and59,whicharerepeatedtwiceandthenfollowedupwithtwosetsof"short"vowelandthen"long"vowelpairs.Thisrelianceonvowelsoundsisnotuniquetothisode,butiscommontoKeats'sother1819odesandhis EveofSt.Agnes.[9]
Thepoemincorporatesacomplexrelianceon assonance -arepetitionofvowelsounds-inaconsciouspatternasfoundinmanyofhispoems.Sucharelianceonassonanceisfoundinveryfew Englishpoems.Within"OdetoaNightingale",anexampleofthispatterncanbefoundinline35（"Alreadywiththee!
tenderisthenight"）wherethe"ea"of"Already"connectswiththe"e"of"tender"andthe"i"of"with"connectswiththe"i"of"is".Thissamepatternisfoundagaininline41（"Icannotseewhatflowersareatmyfeet"）withthe"a"of"cannot"linkingwiththe"a"of"at"andthe"ee"of"see"linkingwiththe"ee"of"feet".ThissystemofassonancecanbefoundinapproximatelyatenthofthelinesofKeats'slaterpoetry.[10]
Whenitcametoothersoundpatterns,Keatsreliedondoubleortriplecaesuraswithinapproximately6%throughoutthe1819odes.Anexamplefrom"OdetoaNightingale"canbefoundwithinline45（"Thegrass,thethicket,andthefruit-treewild"）asthepausesafterthecommasarea"masculine"pause.Furthermore,Keatsbegantoreducetheamountof Latin basedwordsand syntax thathereliedoninhispoetry,whichinturnshortenedthelengthofthewordsthatdominatethepoem.Thereisalsoanemphasisonwordsbeginningwith consonants,especiallythosethatbeginwith"b","p"or"v".Thesethreeconsonantsarereliedonheavilyinthefirststanza,andtheyareused syzygically toaddamusicaltonewithinthepoem.Inthisode,thetransienceoflifeandthetragedyofoldage（“wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgrayhairs,/Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,anddies”）issetagainsttheeternalrenewalofthenightingale
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