英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案.docx
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英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(总三套题)及答案
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(第一套)及答案
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.
Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap-thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon'tseekasmanymanagementroles-failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn'thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter(muchlessdecline)leadershiproles.
Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents'yearsoncampus.
Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous(非常严格的)subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.
Asaresult,it'snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling(栽倒)overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?
Strongorsexy(性感的)Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports,mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.
56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.
A)theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscourses
B)theydonotfeelasfitformanagementroles
C)theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathome
D)theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities
57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?
A)Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.
B)Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.
C)Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds.
D)Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.
58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'scollegeexperience?
A)Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.
B)Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.
C)Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.
D)ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.
59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?
A)Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.
B)Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.
C)Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.
D)Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.
60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?
A)Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.
B)Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.
C)Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.
D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Headingleadershipliterature,you'dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.
Idon'tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.
Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto(追求)leadershipinthefirstplace.
We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'renaturalbornleaders.
Truthis,they'renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'tassumethatit'stheirdivine(神圣的)right,totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.
Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan'tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:
iftheythinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.
Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn'teventheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:
answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit'svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.
Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you'redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?
A)Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.
B)Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.
C)Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.
D)Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.
62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions?
A)Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.
Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.
Thepressurestemsfromamantra(信条)ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.
Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,"butheaddedthatdoctors'firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?
A)Toreducemedicalerror.
B)Tocopewithemergencies.
C)Tofacilitateadministration.
D)Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.
57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?
A)Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.
B)Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices.
C)Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.
D)Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.
58.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?
A)Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemodemtechnology.
B)Doctors'interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients'lives.
C)octorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology.
D)Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.
59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemodemdevices?
A)Patientstrustdoctorswhousemodemtechnology.
B)Useofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals'revenues.
C)Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.
D)Patients'datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.
60.WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors?
A)Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.
B)Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient'scondition.
C)Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.
D)Theymakethebestuseofmodemdevices.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow.JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.
Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox(矛盾的现象)weseemtoexhibit,namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore.
Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried.Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows,andmoviesthaneverbefore.Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieortelevisionprogramevercreated.SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials.Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage.
SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession.Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24-year-oldsareemployed,thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.
ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet?
Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor,theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic(勤奋工作)asdistinctiveofitself.Millennialswanttosavetheworld,buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem.Insteadofworking2-3jobs,launchin