逻辑大全笔记Text A.docx

逻辑大全笔记Text A.docx

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逻辑大全笔记TextA

写在前面：

粉色是正确答案，黄色是我做得答案，如果题目中只有黄色，说明那个是正确答案。

1.Mr.Janeck:

Idon’tbelieveStevensonwillwintheelectionforgovernor.Fewvotersarewillingtoelectabusinessmanwithnopoliticalexperiencetosucharesponsiblepublicoffice.

Ms.Siuzdak:

You’rewrong.Theexperienceofrunningamajorcorporationisavaluablepreparationforthetaskofrunningastategovernment.

M.Siuzdak’sresponseshowsthatshehasinterpretedMr.Janeck’sremarktoimplywhichofthefollowing?

（A）Mr.JaneckconsidersStevensonunqualifiedfortheofficeofgovernor.

（B）Nocandidatewithoutpoliticalexperiencehaseverbeenelectedgovernorofastate.

（C）Mr.Janeckbelievesthatpoliticalleadershipandbusinessleadershiparecloselyanalogous.（这正是J先生所不同意的）

（D）Acareerspentinthepursuitofprofitcanbeanimpedimenttoone’sabilitytorunastategovernmentfairly.（这正是S女士支持的）（A）

（E）Votersgenerallyoverestimatethevalueofpoliticalexperiencewhenselectingacandidate.

思路：

1.A选项，J先生说S先生不能当选（unqualified）是因为他缺少政治经验。

所以S女士反驳他说，经营一家企业的经验是一个对政治经验很好的补充，所以S先生qualified

2.B选项，出现极端词NO，需要慎重考虑，关键是S女士并没有反驳B选项所说的情况。

3.E选项（争议选项）

2.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthepassagebelow?

Onetax-reformproposalthathasgainedincreasingsupportinrecentyearsistheflattax,whichwouldimposeauniformtaxrateonincomesateverylevel.Opponentsoftheflattaxsaythataprogressivetaxsystem,whichleviesahigherrateoftaxesonhigher-incometaxpayers,isfairer,placingthegreaterburdenonthosebetterabletobearit.However,thepresentcrazyquiltoftaxdeductions,exemptions,credits,andloopholesbenefitsprimarilythehigh-incometaxpayer,whoisconsequentlyabletoreducehisorhereffectivetaxrate,oftentoalevelbelowthatpaidbythelower-incometaxpayer.Therefore,______

（A）higher-incometaxpayersarelikelytolendtheirsupporttotheflat-taxproposalnowbeingconsideredbyCongress

（B）aflat-taxsystemthatallowednodeductionsorexemptionswouldsubstantiallyincreaseactualgovernmentrevenues

（段落中没有说flatsystemallowednodeductionsorexemptions，没有支持）

（C）thelower-incometaxpayermightwellbepenalizedbytheinstitutionofaflat-taxsysteminthiscountry

（文中也没有支持这句话，他只是说progressive对higher-income的人会受益）

（D）theprogressivenatureofourpresenttaxsystemismoreillusorythanreal

（文中说，反对者认为，progressivetaxisfairer，但其实不一定）（D）

（E）theflattaxwouldactuallybefairertothelower-incometaxpayerthananyprogressivetaxsystemcouldbe

（段落中只是说，progressivetax产生了对lower-incometaxpayer的不公平，但是没有说flattax就比anyprogressivetax公平，出现没有支持的极端词）

思路：

反对者的意思是累进税公平一点，因为让收入高的人承担更高的税。

而统一税的支持者就说，因为各种个样的deduction,exemption,credit等等，使得累进税高的人实际交的税率低于低收入的人。

而D就是后面这句话的改写。

Bywangsiwei

3.Aspartofourprogramtohalttheinfluxofillegalimmigrants,theadministrationisproposingthecreationofanationalidentitycard.ThecardwouldbeavailableonlytoU.S.citizensandtoregisteredaliens,andallpersonswouldberequiredtoproducethecardbeforetheycouldbegivenajob.Ofcourse,suchasystemholdsthepotential,howeverslight,fortheabuseofcivilliberties.Therefore,allpersonalinformationgatheredthroughthissystemwouldbeheldstrictlyconfidential,tobereleasedonlybyauthorizedpersonnelunderappropriatecircumstances.ThosewhoareincompliancewithU.S.lawswouldhavenothingtofearfromtheidentitycardsystem.

Inevaluatingtheaboveproposal,apersonconcernedaboutthemisuseofconfidentialinformationwouldbemostinterestedinhavingtheauthorclarifythemeaningofwhichofthefollowingphrases?

（A）“allpersons”（line5）

（B）“howeverslight”（line7）

（C）“civilliberties”（line8）

（D）“appropriatecircumstances”（line11）（D）

（E）“U.S.laws”（line2）

思路：

1.题干问句“apersonconcernedaboutthemisuseof…”，亮点动词misuse，负面感情色彩，关注类似负面动词，信息release会造成misuse，原文中讲到在appropriatecircumstances情况下release信息，所以“appropriatecircumstances”的应关注Byellie78

4.Atonetime,EuropeanandJapanesecompaniestriedtoimitatetheirAmericanrivals.Today,AmericanappliancemanufacturersimportEuropeanscientiststoleadtheirresearchstaffs;AmericanautomakersdesigncarsthatmimicthestylingofGerman,Italian,andFrenchimports;andAmericanelectronicsfirmsboastintheiradvertisingof“Japanese-style”devotiontoqualityandreliability.Intheworldofhightechnology,Americahaslostthebattleforinternationalprestige.

Eachofthefollowingstatements,iftrue,wouldhelptosupporttheclaimaboveEXCEPT:

（A）AnAmericancameracompanyclaimsinitspromotionalliteraturetoproducecameras“asfineasthebestSwissimports.”

（B）AnAmericanmakerofstereocomponentsdesignsitsproductstoresemblethoseofapopularJapanesefirm.

（C）AnAmericanmanufacturerofvideogamesusesabrandnamechosenbecauseitsoundslikeaJapaneseword.

（D）AnAmericanmakeroftelevisionsstudiesGerman-madetelevisionsinordertoadoptGermanmanufacturingtechniques.（E）

（E）AnAmericanmakeroffrozenfoodsadvertisesitsdinnersas“RealEuropean-styleentreespreparedbyfineFrenchandItalianchefs.”

题外话:

这题乃陷阱题==！

思路：

1.题干说欧洲和日本原先都喜欢模仿美国的产品。

现在分水轮流转了，然后举了一些例子。

最后结论说在高科技领域，美国已经失去了它原有的特别地位。

题目问哪个选项不支持这个结论。

E说的是食品方面的东西，和科技产品是不同的。

所以E为答案。

而C说的正是美国在电子产品方面造成一个日本商标的假象，这正是支持了题干结论。

Bydansy大NN！

~

2.我觉得不仅仅是因为是food还是tech这个层面，而是本质上在于E中直接指明是出自非American之手,而无论题中还是其他选项只是说像其他国家的产品一样质优（我：

看题目和题干的红字部分）还有，以后EXCEPT题最好从E看起哦Byjtcoffeebean大NN！

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5.JohnsonisonfirmgroundwhenheassertsthattheearlyeditorsofDickinson’spoetryoftendistortedherintentions.YetJohnson’sown,morefaithful,textisstillguiltyofitsownformsofdistortion.TostandardizeDickinson’softenindecipherablehandwrittenpunctuationbytheuseofthedashistorenderpermanentacasualmodeofpoeticphrasingthatDickinsonsurelyneverexpectedtoseeinprint.ItimpliesthatDickinsonchosethedashashertypicalmarkofpunctuationwhen,infact,sheapparentlynevermadeanydefinitivechoiceatall.

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainpoint?

（A）AlthoughJohnsonisrightincriticizingDickinson’searlyeditorsfortheirdistortionofherwork,hisowntextisguiltyofequallyseriousdistortions.

（B）Johnson’suseofthedashinhistextofDickinson’spoetrymisleadsreadersaboutthepoet’sintentions.（红字部分明确的告知了答案）

（C）BecauseDickinsonneverexpectedherpoetrytobepublished,virtuallyanyattemptateditingitmustruncountertoherintentions.

（D）AlthoughJohnson’sattempttoproduceamorefaithfultextofDickinson’spoetryiswell-meaning,hisstudyofthemateriallackssufficientthoroughness.（B）

（E）Dickinson’seditors,includingJohnson,havefailedtodealadequatelywiththeproblemofdecipheringDickinson’shandwrittenmanuscripts.

这题的题干实在是费解的恐怖！

思路：

IMO，为了标准化standardizeD的诗歌，经常把不可辨认的标点符号用dash来替代（这种行为使一种casualmode成为了永恒）…itimpliesD…但是infact，nevermade…所以是distort了D的原意。

6.Alawrequiringcompaniestoofferemployeesunpaidtimeofftocarefortheirchildrenwillharmtheeconomiccompetitivenessofournation’sbusinesses.Companiesmustbefreetosettheirownemploymentpolicieswithoutmandatedparental-leaveregulations.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheconclusionoftheargumentabove?

（A）Aparental-leavelawwillservetostrengthenthefamilyasasocialinstitutioninthiscountry.

（B）Manybusinessesinthiscountryalreadyofferemployeessomeformofparentalleave.

（C）Someofthecountrieswiththemosteconomicallycompetitivebusinesseshavestrongparental-leaveregulations.

（D）Onlycompanieswithonehundredormoreemployeeswouldbesubjecttotheproposedparental-leavelaw.（C）

（E）Inmostpolls,amajorityofcitizenssaytheyfavorpassageofaparental-leavelaw.

思路：

原文说，companiesofferemployeestimeoftootakecareofchildrenwillharmtheeconomiccompetitiveness.（即，parental-leave会导致竞争力下降）

C选项，一些高竞争力的国家有很强的parental-leave法规（即，parental-leave不会导致竞争力下降=削弱原文）

7.IfA,thenB.

IfB,thenC.

IfC,thenD.

Ifallofthestatementsabovearetrue,whichofthefollowingmustalsobetrue?

（A）IfD,thenA.逆命题，不一定成立

（B）IfnotB,thennotC.否命题，不一定成立

（C）IfnotD,thennotA.逆否命题，成立

（D）IfD,thenE.原文没有E（C）

（E）IfnotA,thennotD.否命题，不一定成立

思路：

原命题，A→B→C→D

8.DearApplicant:

Thankyouforyourapplication.Unfortunately,weareunabletoofferyouapositioninourlocalgovernmentofficeforthesummer.Asyouknow,fundingforsummerjobsislimited,anditisimpossibleforustoofferjobstoallthosewhowantthem.Consequently,weareforcedtorejectmanyhighlyqualifiedapplicants.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheletter?

（A）Thenumberofapplicantsforsummerjobsinthegovernmentofficeexceededthenumberofsummerjobsavailable.

（B）Theapplicantwhoreceivedtheletterwasconsideredhighlyqualified.

（weareforcedtorejectmanyhighlyqualified…不是all。

）

（C）Verylittlefundingwasavailableforsummerjobsinthegovernmentoffice.

（Limited不等于verylittle）

（D）Theapplicationofthepersonwhoreceivedtheletterwasconsideredcarefullybeforebeingrejected.

（文中没有提及）（A）

（E）Mostofthosewhoappliedforsummerjobswereconsideredqualifiedfortheavailablepositions.

（无关）

9.Studiesoffatalautomobileaccidentsrevealthat,inthemajorityofcasesinwhichoneoccupantofanautomobileiskilledwhileanothersurvives,itisthepassenger,notthedriver,whoiskilled.Itisironicthattheinnocentpassengershouldsufferforthedriver’scarelessness,whilethedriveroftensuffersonlyminorinjuriesornoneatall.

Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionunderlyingthereasoninginthepassageabove?

（A）Inmostfatalautomobileaccidents,thedriverofacarinwhichanoccupantiskilledisatfault.

（文中认为是driver’