Pulitzer Prize.docx

Pulitzer Prize.docx

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PulitzerPrize

PulitzerPrize

Awarded for

Excellenceinnewspaperjournalism,literaryachievements,andmusicalcomposition

Presented by

ColumbiaUniversity

Country

UnitedStates

First awarded

1917

ThePulitzerPrize（pronounced/ˈpʊlɨtsər/）[1]isaU.S.awardforachievementsinnewspaperjournalism,literatureandmusicalcomposition.ItwasestablishedbyHungarian-AmericanpublisherJosephPulitzerandisadministeredbyColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.

Prizesareawardedyearlyintwenty-onecategories.Intwentyofthese,eachwinnerreceivesacertificateandaUS$10,000cashaward.[2]Thewinnerinthepublicservicecategoryofthejournalismcompetitionisawardedagoldmedal,whichalwaysgoestoanewspaper,althoughanindividualmaybenamedinthecitation.

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Famouswinners

FamousrecipientsofthePulitzerPrizeincludePresidentJohnF.KennedyforBiography;MargaretMitchell,SaulBellow,ErnestHemingway,EudoraWelty,HarperLee,WilliamFaulkner,andToniMorrisonforFiction;RobertFrostforPoetry;RogerEbertforCriticism;andTennesseeWilliams,ArthurMiller,RodgersandHammerstein,andStephenSondheimforDrama.UptonSinclairalsowonthePulitizerPrizeforhisnovelDragon'sTeeth.

NotablewinnersofmorethanonePulitzerPrizeincludeDavidMcCullough（twice）forBiography;RobertFrost（fourtimes）forPoetry;MargaretLeech（twice）forHistory;EugeneO'Neill（fourtimes）,EdwardAlbee（threetimes）,andAugustWilson（twice）forDrama;NormanMailer（twice）forPulitizerPrizeforFictionandPulitizerPrizeforNon-FictionandWilliamFaulkner（twice）,JohnUpdike（twice）,andBoothTarkington（twice）forNovel/Fiction.（Thiscategory'snamewaschangedin1948fromNoveltoFiction.）

BothEugeneO'NeillandBoothTarkingtonaccomplishedthefeatofwinningtheprizetwiceinafour-yearperiod.ThorntonWilderisnotableforwinningprizesinmorethanonecategory,oneintheNovelcategoryandtwointheDramacategories.RobertPennWarrenwononeforFictionandoneforPoetry.

Categories

ThePulitzerPrizes

JosephPulitzer  •  Pulitzersbyyear

Pulitzerwinners

Journalism:

∙PublicService

∙BreakingNewsReporting

∙InvestigativeReporting

∙ExplanatoryReporting

∙LocalReporting

∙NationalReporting

∙InternationalReporting

∙FeatureWriting

∙Commentary

∙Criticism

∙EditorialWriting

∙EditorialCartooning

∙BreakingNewsPhotography

∙FeaturePhotography

Lettersanddrama:

∙BiographyorAutobiography

∙Fiction

∙Drama

∙History

∙Poetry

∙GeneralNon-Fiction

Otherprizes:

∙Music

∙SpecialCitationsandAwards

Awardsaremadeincategoriesrelatingtonewspaperjournalism,arts,andletters.OnlypublishedreportsandphotographsbyUnitedStates-basednewspapersordailynewsorganizationsareeligibleforthejournalismprize.Beginningin2007,"anassortmentofonlineelementswillbepermittedinalljournalismcategoriesexceptforthecompetition'stwophotographycategories,whichwillcontinuetorestrictentriestostillimages."[5]InDecember2008itwasannouncedthatforthefirsttimecontentpublishedinonline-onlynewssourceswouldbeconsidered.

ThecurrentPulitzerPrizecategorydefinitionsinthe2008competition,intheordertheyareawarded,are:

•PublicService–foradistinguishedexampleofmeritoriouspublicservicebyanewspaperthroughtheuseofitsjournalisticresources,whichmayincludeeditorials,cartoons,andphotographs,aswellasreporting.Oftenthoughtofasthegrandprize,thePublicServiceawardisgiventothenewspaper,nottoindividuals,thoughindividualsareoftenmentionedfortheircontributions.

•BreakingNewsReporting–foradistinguishedexampleoflocalreportingofbreakingnews.

•InvestigativeReporting–foradistinguishedexampleofinvestigativereportingbyanindividualorteam,presentedasasinglenewspaperarticleorseries.

•ExplanatoryReporting–foradistinguishedexampleofexplanatorynewspaperreportingthatilluminatesasignificantandcomplexsubject,demonstratingmasteryofthesubject,lucidwriting,andclearpresentation.

•LocalReporting–foradistinguishedexampleoflocalnewspaperreportingthatilluminatessignificantissuesorconcerns.[5]

•NationalReporting–foradistinguishedexampleofnewspaperreportingonnationalaffairs.

•InternationalReporting–foradistinguishedexampleofnewspaperreportingoninternationalaffairs,includingUnitedNationscorrespondence.

•FeatureWriting–foradistinguishedexampleofnewspaperfeaturewritinggivingprimeconsiderationtohighliteraryqualityandoriginality.

•Commentary–fordistinguishedcommentary.

•Criticism–fordistinguishedcriticism.

•EditorialWriting–fordistinguishededitorialwriting,thetestofexcellencebeingclarityofstyle,moralpurpose,soundreasoning,andpowertoinfluencepublicopinioninwhatthewriterconceivestobetherightdirection.

•EditorialCartooning–foradistinguishedcartoonorportfolioofcartoonspublishedduringtheyear,characterizedbyoriginality,editorialeffectiveness,qualityofdrawing,andpictorialeffect.

•BreakingNewsPhotography,previouslycalledSpotNewsPhotography–foradistinguishedexampleofbreakingnewsphotographyinblackandwhiteorcolor,whichmayconsistofaphotographorphotographs,asequence,oranalbum.

•FeaturePhotography–foradistinguishedexampleoffeaturephotographyinblackandwhiteorcolor,whichmayconsistofaphotographorphotographs,asequence,oranalbum.

Therearesixcategoriesinlettersanddrama:

•Fiction–fordistinguishedfictionbyanAmericanauthor,preferablydealingwithAmericanlife.

•Drama–foradistinguishedplaybyanAmericanauthor,preferablyoriginalinitssourceanddealingwithAmericanlife.

•History–foradistinguishedbookonthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.

•BiographyorAutobiography–foradistinguishedbiographyorautobiographybyanAmericanauthor.

•Poetry–foradistinguishedvolumeoforiginalversebyanAmericanauthor.

•GeneralNon-Fiction–foradistinguishedbookofnon-fictionbyanAmericanauthorthatisnoteligibleforconsiderationinanyothercategory.

Thereisoneprizegivenformusic:

•PulitzerPrizeforMusic–foradistinguishedmusicalcontributionbyanAmericanthathaditsfirstperformanceorrecordingintheUnitedStatesduringtheyear.

TherehavealsobeenanumberofSpecialCitationsandAwards.

Inadditiontotheprizes,PulitzertravellingfellowshipsareawardedtofouroutstandingstudentsoftheGraduateSchoolofJournalismasselectedbythefaculty.