非谓语动词学生版经典课.docx

非谓语动词学生版经典课.docx

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非谓语动词学生版经典课

非谓语动词

MyEnglishisreallygettingbetter.I（try）tolearnthelanguagesince1985,butonlyrecentlyhaveIbeenabletomakesomerealprogress.BythetimeIstartedhighschoolin1988,I（study）thelanguageforalmostthreeyears.However,Iwasonlyabletointroducemyselfandutterafewmemorizedsentences.

Foracouplemoreyears,I（struggle）throughgrammarandvocabularylessons,whichmadeabsolutelynodifference.Nothingworked,soIdecidedtostudyabroad.

IfoundanexchangeprograminEnglandthatsoundedliketheperfectanswer.I（stay）withahostfamilyforonemonth.Itwasahugedisappointment!

I（sit）therethewholetimestaringatthehostmotherandfatherhopingthattherewouldbesomebreakthrough.Nothing.

WhenIreturned,ImentionedtoafriendthatI（have）problemswiththelanguageforyears.HerecommendedthatIspendayearinanEnglishspeakingcountry.Idecidedtogoabroadagain.I

（research）exchangeprogramsforacoupleofweeksandfinallydecidedonaschoolintheUnitedStates.

Well,itworked.I（live）and（study）intheU.Sformorethantwoyears.I

（stay）hereforatleastanotheryearbeforeIreturnhome.Bythen,Ishouldbecompletelyfluent.

■句子结构

句子结构公式：

连词的数量+1=谓语动词的数量

1.—Englishhaslargevocabulary,hasn’tit?

--Yes,（know）morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.

2.Istoppedthecar（take）ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.

主动式

被动式

在句中可作成分

不定式

一般式

todo

tobedone

主、宾、表、定、状、补

完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

进行式

tobedoing

/

完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

/

动名词

（现在分词）

一般式

doing

beingdone

动名词：

主、宾、表、定

完成式

havingdone

havingbeendone

现在分词：

表、定、状、补

过去分词

done

表、定、状、补

否定形式

否定形式：

not+todo,not+doing,not+done

时态所关注的就是在时间的维度下动作的状态

一般式

进行式

完成式

完成进行式

现在

主（单三）+v.（s）

主+am/is/are

am/is/are+doing

have/hasdone

have/hasbeendoing

过去

主+did

主+was/were

was/were+doing

haddone

hadbeendoing

将来

will+v.

am/is/aregoing+v.

am/is/areto+v.

am/is/areaboutto+v.

willbe+doing

willhavedone

过去将来

would+v.

was/weregoing+v.

was/wereto+v.

was/wereaboutto+v.

■解答有关非谓语动词的步骤：

1.首先要确定填入的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

方法：

分析句子结构，看空格前是否有连词，看并列连词连接的是什么。

2.确定要填入非谓语动词后，再从两个方面进行分析：

一是分析非谓语动词和其逻辑主语或其所修饰的词之间的关系来确定用主动式还是被动式；

二是分析非谓语动词和谓语动词之间动作的先后关系确定用一般式、进行式还是完成式等形式。

一、非谓语作主语

1.（save）moneynow（seem）impossible.

2.（learn）alanguage（require）timeandeffort.

3.It'snouse（talk）alotwithoutdoinganything.

4.Itisnecessaryforme（make）specificrulesandregulationsassoonaspossible.

5.Itisfoolishofyou（finish）thetaskinsuchway.

6.Therewasnopoint（ask）hisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneytospare.

7.Theysayitisawasteoftime（make）friendsonline,whichshouldbespentmoremeaningfullyon

study.

8.I’mglad（join）theEnglishsummercamp.

9.Ittookustenminutes（help）himoutofthewell.

■动名词、不定式作主语

■it作形式主语，代替“todo”

1.Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo…（形容词表示不定式的重要性，必要性和难易程度等基本情况：

important,necessary,easy,natural,common,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant,meaningful等）

2.Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todo…（形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的品质或特征属性：

good,kind,nice,polite,honest,modest,wise,bad,careless,lazy等）

3.Itis+a+名词+todo…

Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/one’sduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjob…todo

4.Ittakes（sb.）sometime/courage/patience…todo…

Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…

■it作形式主语，代替“doing”

5.Itisno/any/somegood/use（in）doingsth.

6.Thereisnopoint/use/good（in）doingsth.

7.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.

8.It’sfundoingsth.

二、非谓语作宾语

1.Thetwoworkerspretended（work）veryhard,thoughtheydidnothingthisafternoon.

2.I’mbusy（prepare）fortheentranceexamination,soIcan’thelp（do）housework.

3.Ihadn'tmeant（hurt）you;instead,whatIsaidreallymeant（advise）youtobe

good.

4.Iremembered（pay）,butforgot（get）themoneyonthecounterbecauseofmy

carelessness.

5.Thekeyto（overcome）thisproblemistobelieveinyourself.

6.Thethiefwasluckythatitjustmissed（catch）.

7.Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneeds（cut）.

8.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop（write）and（listen）tohim.

9.Iamnotaccustomedto（treat）likethis.

10.Thereisnothingtodoexcept（wait）tillitstopsraining.

11.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut（meet）anevengreaterchallenge.

12.Ithinkitagoodideaforussenior3students（have）dailingexercise.

13.Intheageofhightechnology,readingdeserves（pay）muchattentionto.

14.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetends

（be）morepolite. 

■不定式作宾语

volunteer,decide,determine,learn,refuse,prepare,plan,tend,pretend,agree,dare,attempt,manage,afford,promise

choose,offer,fail,wish,hope,expect

■动名词作宾语

mind,miss,mention,enjoy,escape,excuse,imagine,insiston,practice,pardon,deny,delay,suggest,can’thelp,can’tstand,admit,avoid,appreciate,risk,resist,fancy,finish

■动名词作介词宾语

to作介词的用法：

getdowntodoing,beopposedtodoing,leadtodoing,bedevotedtodoing,payattentiontodoing,sticktodoing,beaddictedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,objecttodoing,beaccustomedtodoing,getusedtodoing,keytodoing,makecontributionstodoing,whenitcomestodoing,beequaltodoing

其他结构：

havedifficulty/trouble/problems/fun/pleasure/ahardtime（in）doingsth.,beworthdoingsth,beworthyofdoingsth.,bebusydoingsth.

■既可接不定式又可以接动名词作宾语

stoptodo/stopdoing,forget/remember/regrettodo,forget/remember/regretdoing,

meantodo/meandoing,trytodo/trydoing,can’thelptodo/can’thelpdoing,beusedtodo/beusedtodoing,

goontodo/goondoing,

wanttodo/wantdoing（=wanttobedone）,needtodo/needdoing（=needtobedone）,deservetodo/deservedoing

（=deservetobedone）,

■it作形式宾语

表示心理状态的动词（find,feel,think,consider,believe等）或使役动词（make等）后有名词或形容词做宾补，常用it作形式宾语，而不定式作真正的宾语

Ifounditinterestingtoreadthebook.

Ifeltitashamedtotellalietomyparents.

Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.

注意：

except,but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to，否则要带do但besides常接动名词作宾语。

eg:

Ihavenochoicebuttowait.（无do有to）

Icandonothingbutwait.（有do无to）

三、非谓语作表语

1.Hiswishis（go）abroad.

2.Hishobbyis（collect）stamps.

3.Themostimportantthingis（negotiate）withthemaboutthefutureoftheplant.

4.Thisbeautifulvillageremains（know）totherestoftheworld.

5.The（frighten）dogmakesus（frighten）.

6.Itremains（see）whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.

7.The（worry）motherislookingforhelostson.

8.Allofuswere（puzzle）bythe（puzzle）question（raise）byaliitleboy.

■不定式、动名词做表语的区别

1.不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作；动名词作表语表示一般性行为。

2.如果主语时以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语时对主语起补充说明的作用。

3.过去分词作表语，表示感到……，现在分词作表语，表示“令人……”

此类词有：

embarrass,excite,interest,delight,disappoint,encourage,inspire,please,puzzle,satisfy,surprise,worry,convince等。

四、非谓语作补语

1.（dress）inherbestsuit,thegirltriedtomakeherself（notice）attheparty.

2.—DoyouoftenhearJohn（sing）inhisroom?

--Yes,listen,nowwecanhearhim（sing）inhisroom.

3.Thebosshadtheworkers（work）alldaylong.

4.Sorry,wedon’tallow（smoke）inthelectureroom.

5.—You’dbettergoandhaveyourcar（wash）.

--No,I’llhavemyson（wash）it.

6.WhenIcametotheriverbank,Ifoundaboy（struggle）inthewater.

7.Weshouldnotleavethetapwater（run）whilebrushingourteeth.

8.WhenIworkonthefarmlandinthedaytime,Ialwayskeepthesheep（tie）toatreeonthe

riverbank.

9.Wewereleft（decide）whethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.

10.Hetry（speak）asaloudaspossibleinordertomakehimself（hear）clearly.

11.Atthestart,theyhadgreatdifficulty（establish）theorganization.

12.Ofthetwo,Iwould（pick）thelatterratherthantheformer.

13.Whenitcomestoachoice,Iprefer（travel）ratherthan（stay）athome.

14.Theteacherscoldedtheboycaught（cheat）intheexamination.

■不定式作补语

鼓励要求指示命令，迫使提醒期望麻烦

encourage,ask/request,instruct,order/command,compel/force/press,remind,expect,trouble

允许建议使得警告，激励说服希望禁止

allow/permit,advise,get,warn,urge,inspire,persuade,wish,forbid

想要告诉引起乞求，使得训练挑战帮助

want,tell,cause,beg,enable,train,challenge,assist

■感官动词的补语

1.see/notice/hear/smell等+sb.do/doing与see/notice/hear/smell等+sth.done的区别

2.havesb.do3.getsb.todo

havesb.doinggetsb.doing

havesth.donegetsth.done

4.leavesb.doingsth.

leavesth.undone

leavesth.todosth.

leavesth.tobedone

5.findsb.doing

findsb./sth.done

findsb./sth.（tobe）adj.

6.makesb.do

makeoneselfdone

eg:

Ifeltmybloodruncold.

Thedesignerkeptthedovesendingpeacefulmessageseverywhere.

五、非谓语作定语

■现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作定语时，看被修饰词与该词之间的逻辑关系

1.Thegirl（read）overthereismysister.

2.Thehouse（buy）lastyearisworthafortune.

3.Theman（speak）totheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.

4.Ourclasswentonan（organize）triplastMonday.

5.Those（elect）ascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.

6.Thehouses（build）areforthepeopleinthe（affect）areas.

7.Themeeting（hold）tomorrowisimportant.

Themeeting（hold）nowisimportant.

Themeeting（hold）yesterdayisimportant.

8.Ihavemanyassignments（do）?

9.I’mnotsurewhichresturant（sitat）.

10.Recentlyasurvey（compare）pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascaused

heateddebateamongcitizens.

11.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,（range）frombutterfliestoelephants. 

注意：

现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成

当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词间为主动关系，用v-ing;

当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词间为被动关系且表完成时，用done;

当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词间为被动关系且表进行时，用being+done;

■现在分词和