张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析.docx

张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析.docx

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张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

1.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[D]advice

2.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate[D]enhance

3.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise[D]leisure

4.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas[D]Because

5.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence[D]tolerance

6.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored[D]surpassed

7.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair[D]wise

8.[A]ineffect[B]asaresult[C]forexample[D]inasense

9.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating[D]exchanging

10.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple

11.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[D]corporation

12.[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission[D]security

13.[A]particularly[B]barely[C]definitely[D]rarely

14.[A]similar[B]long[C]different[D]short

15.[A]ifonly[B]nowthat[C]sothat[D]evenif

16.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing[D]something

17.[A]off[B]down[C]out[D]alone

18.[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheotherhand

19.[A]making[B]standing[C]planning[D]taking

20.[A]capability[B]responsibility[C]proficiency[D]efficiency

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia）tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.ManyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

21.TheemergenceoftheNethas.

[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices

[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes

[D]revivedspyingasaprofession

22.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto.

[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying

[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS

[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

23.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”（line1,paragraph3）mostprobablymeans.

[A]causingthebiggesttrouble

[B]exertingthegreatesteffort

[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess

[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity

24.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that.

[A]straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

[B]straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

[C]straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

[D]straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

25.Straitfordismostproudofits.

[A]officialstatus

[B]nonconformistimage

[C]efficientstaff

[D]militarybackground

Text2

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

26.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto.

[A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions

[B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

[D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

27.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis.

[A]cruelbutnatural

[B]inhumanandunacceptable

[C]inevitablebutvicious

[D]pointlessandwasteful

28.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s.

[A]discontentwithanimalresearch

[B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

[C]indifferen