人教版高考英语高一重点及难点归纳总结2.docx
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人教版高考英语高一重点及难点归纳总结2
2014年人教版高考英语高一重点及]难点归纳总结2
高考英语
2014-01-311517
advisesb.todosth.劝告(建议)某人做某事
egMymotheradvisedmetolistentoBBCnews.
Advise+从句(从句用should+动词原形,should可省略)
egSheadvisedmethatI(should)studyhard.
6.bebusywithsth.忙于某事
bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事
三、常用词语和句型
1.fault(性格上)的缺点,毛病,过错
egTalkingtoomuchishisgreatestfault.
error=mistake(理解,判断上的)错误,误会
egShehasanerrorinjudgingthatman.
2.tobesurprised被震惊
toone'ssurprise出乎某人意料的事
inone'ssurprise(内部)惊奇
3.startwith/beginwith从……开始
egThepartystartedwithasong.
endwith...以……结尾
egThetripendedwithanunhappyquarrel.
4.drinktosb'shealth为某人的健康干杯
egLet'sdrinktoMicky'shealth.
四、日常交际用语
Forgiveme.I'mverysorry.
Oh,that'sallright.
Iapologisefor...
Oh,well,that'slife.
I'msorry.Ididn'tmeanto...
It'sOK.
Oops.Sorryaboutthat.
Unit7Culturerelics
一、语法
ThePassiveVoice
(1)
现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态结构是“have/hasbeen+过去分词”。
如:
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.
Howmanynewshoppingmallshavebeensetuphere?
二、聚焦高频考点
1.include包括;包含。
如:
Price$14.90,postageincluded.
价格14.90美元,邮资包括在内。
Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeech.
他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。
比较以下两个句子:
Eightpeoplehurtintheaccident,includingthreechildren.
Eightpeoplehurtintheaccident,threechildrenincluded.
2.givein“屈服”“投降”。
如:
Theyprefertodiethangivein.
givein“(植物等)枯死,成批死去”
Theplantsgaveintothecoldweather.
withthehelpof...“在……的帮助下”如:
Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsmadegreatprogresslastterm.
bringback“归还”;“使恢复”如:
Remembertobringbackthebooktomorrow.
Theletterbroughtbackmanymemories.
3.begin=start,其后都可以跟不定式或动名词做宾语。
一般情况下,不定式或动名词可以互换。
但以下三种情况只能用不定式:
1)主语是物时
Istarted/begantocry/crying.
Theflowerbegan/starttocomeout.
2)当begin,start本身是进行时态时
Theteacherwasbeginningtogetangry.
3)当非谓语动词是表示心理状态的动词时,如realize,understand,know等。
Finally,shebegantorealizetheimportanceofEnglish.
4.represent代表
Weshouldchoosesomeonetorepresentus.
5.“及物动词+名词+介词”这种短语动词转换为被动语态时有两种形式。
一种是短语动词当作一个及物动词。
egTheydidn'tpayanyattentiontohiswords.=Hiswordswerenotpaidanyattentionto.
另一种方式是把短语动词看成“动词+宾语+介词”结构。
上句可等于Noattentionwaspaidtohiswords.
6.It+be+adj.+that-clause这是主语从句句型。
主语从句在句中作主语,可置于主句谓语动词之前,但常用it作形式主语,而把它移到主句之后。
如:
ItisveryimportantthatwestudyEnglishwell.
三、常用词语和句型
1.lie(lay,lain,lying)躺
egJackwasstilllyinginbed.
Lie还表示保持在某种状态或位置
egThosetownslayinruins.
2.keep使某人/物保持某种状态
keepthedooropen
keepthefireburning
keepthechildhappy
keepondoing继续作某事(含强调重复性和决心)
Nomatterwhathappens,justkeepontrying.
Keepdoing不停地,不断地做某事(表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态)
Whydidthebabykeepcrying?
Keepsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物继续做某事
Youhavekeptmewaitingsolong!
Keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.
Sarskeepsmanypeoplefromtraveling.
3.主语+be+saidtobe...据说……
egThemanissaidtobeaprofessorbefore.
Itissaidthat...据说……
egItissaidthatthereisgoingtobeastorm.
4.happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto等不及物动词无被动语态
四、日常交际用语
Whatshallweputin?
Let'sputin...
What/Howabout...?
Can'tweputin...?
Maybewecouldputin...
Whynot...?
Shouldweputin...?
I'dliketochoose...
Whydon'tyou...?
I'dliketo...
Whynot...?
Unit8Sports
一、语法
ThePassiveVoice
(2)
一般将来时被动语态
被动语态由助动词“be+过去分词”构成,其时态则通过be的不同形式体现出来。
将来时态的被动语态由will/shall+be+过去分词构成,表示某事将要被干。
一般将来时被动语态的各种句式:
主语+will/shall+be+过去分词+其它成分
Theflowerwillbewateredtomorrow.
主语+will/shallnot+be+过去分词+其它成分
Theflowerwillnotbewateredtomorrow.
Will/Shall+主语+be+过去分词+其它成分
Willtheflowerbewateredtomorrow?
Whenwilltheflowerbewatered?
二、聚焦高频考点
1.wouldrather和动词原形连用。
否定形式为wouldrathernotdosth.如:
Iwouldratherleavenow.
wouldratherdo...thando...表示宁愿做什么而不愿做什么
如:
Theywouldratherdiethansurrender.
wouldrather和句子连用。
通常动词用过去时,是虚拟语气。
在表示以前的动作时,用haddone。
如:
I'dratheryouwenthomenow.
I'dratherhehadn'tdonethat.
2.joinin多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛,游戏”等。
如:
Comeon,joinintheballgame.
He'sgoingtojoininthetalktonight.
takepartin指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
如:
We'lltakepartinsocialpracticeduringthesummervacation.
Theyoftentakepartinoutdooractivities.
Part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。
如:
Lincolntookanactivepartinpolitics.
3.standfor代表,特征。
如:
WhatdoGREstandfor?
Thedovestandsforpeace.
standfor赞同,支持,拥护。
如:
Almosteveryoneintheworldstandforpeace.
standfor容忍。
如:
Shecan'tstandforhisrudeness.
4.thesameas意为“同……一样”。
如:
Manyofthesportswerethesameastheyarenow.
thesame...as意为“与……一样”,后跟从句。
指的是两样东西。
如:
Thepenisthesameasyouboughtyesterday.
thesame...that意为“与……一样,后跟从句。
指的是同一件东西。
如:
That'sthesamepenIlost.
5.prefer...to...喜欢……而不喜欢……(to是介词)
egIpreferswimmingtorunning.=Hiswordswerenotpaidanyattentionto.
prefer后可直接加名词,代词,动名词等;preferto后跟动词原形。
如:
Whichonedoyoulike,tea,milkorcoffee?
Iprefermilk.
Doyouwanttotakeataxi?
No,Iprefertowalk.
Doyoulikeswimming?
Yes,butIpreferplayingrunning
6.every可与表示数量的词连用,表示时间或空间的间隔。
如:
EveryfouryearsathletesfromallovertheworldtakepartintheOlympicGames.
Iusuallygotothecinemaeverythreedays(everythirdday).
Every后可接few,但不能接afew,因every一词已包含a之意;every后也不能接some,several,many等词。
every后接序数词时,则修饰单数可数名词。
7.from/in/on/at/about/+which引导定语从句
关系代词which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般放在关系代词之前,有时也放在定语从句后面。
ThetrainonwhichIwastravelingwaslate.
Thehouseinwhichtheoldmanlivedwasonfirelastnight.
TheoldOlympicGamesfromwhichthemoderngamescamebeganaroundtheyear776BCinGreece.
8.more...than有两种含义:
一是普通的比较级;另一种表示“与其说是……”,“是……而不是”,指对同一事物的两种属性进行选择。
Sheismorediligentthanwise.与其说她聪明,不如说她勤奋。
三、常用词语和句型
1.prefer...to...喜欢……而不喜欢……,to是介词
Ipreferswimmingtorunning.
Prefer后可跟名词,代词,动名词
Wouldyouliketotakeataxi?
No,Ipreferwalking.
Preferto后跟动词原形
Iprefertoswim.
Whichonedoyoulike,tea,milkorcoffee?
Iprefermilk.
2.doone'sbesttosth.=tryone'sbesttosth.尽某人最大努力做某事
Asyourbestfriend,Isurelywilltrymybesttohelpyou.
Aslongasyoutryyourbest,you'llsucceed.
3.suchas意为“例如,诸如”,与forexample相似,但forexample后常接完整的句子,只举一个例子,而suchas后常接两个或以上的词或词组。
egHeknowsseveralforeignlanguages,suchasFrenchandJapanese.
4.meantodosth.打算作某事
Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?
meandoingsth.意味着做某事
Thatmeanswastingtime.
5.win后接战争,比赛,奖品等名词作宾语,不能接竞争对手作宾语;而beat后常接竞争对手,意为“打败,击败”。
winarace/abattle/aprize/amedal
beattheteam/thecountry
四、日常交际用语
Whichdoyoulike,...or...?
What'syourfavouritesport?
Whichsportsdoyoulikebest?
Whichdoyouprefer,...or...?
Whatabout...?
Areyouinterestedin...?
Sure.Ilovesports.
Yes,verymuch./No,notreally.
Shooting,Ithink.
Ilike...best.
Iprefer...to...
Ilikewatchingit.
I'dratherwatchitthanplayit.
Unit9Technology
一、语法
ThePassiveVoice(3)
现在进行时被动语态
现在进行时被动语态的构成是:
be(is,am,are)+beingdone,表示某事现在正在被做或现阶段进行的被动动作,但不一定发生在说话的这一时刻。
如:
Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.
Sheisbeingquestionedwhereshehasbeeninthepasttwodays.
Thephonesarebeingusedascamerasandradios.
二、聚焦高频考点
1.remind提醒;使记起,常与介词of,about连用。
如:
Theletterremindedmeofhim.
PleaseremindmeaboutitifIforgetit.
HeremindedmethatIhaddonethatbefore.
2.incaseof以防;如果,万一。
如:
Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.
TodayIwillbringanumbrellawithmeincaseoffire.
inthecaseof至于;就……来说。
如:
Inthecaseofastudent,smokingisveryharmful.
3.takeover接手;接管。
如:
Alanwilltakeoverthefarmafterhisfather'sdeath.
Ihadtotakeoverhisworkbecausehewassenttothehospital.
4.make+it+形容词+(forsb.)+todosth.“使某人做某事……”。
能用此型的常见动词有:
find,feel,think,consider等。
如:
Thecomputermakesitpossibletogetintouchwithfarawayworld.
MarxfounditimportanttolearnRussian.
5.dare做情态动词时,否定句和疑问句不用do;第三人称单数不加-s,后接不带to的动词不定式,主要用于否定,疑问,条件和表示怀疑的句中。
如:
Shedaren'tgooutaloneatnight.
Listen,ifyoudarespeaktomelikethatagain,you'llbesorry.
dare做实义动词时,除了具有一般实义动词的特点外,在否定,疑问句中dare后的to可省略。
如:
Shedidn'tdare(to)tellherparentswhathadhappened.
Iwonderhowshedared(to)dothat.
6.whatever引导名词性从句。
Whatever的含义为anythingthat,意为“所……的任何(一切)事(东西)”;具强调意义。
Youcanbuywhateveryouwant.
7.stay/keepintouchwithsb.保持联系;强调原本认识和联系的延续性。
Now,manyyoungpeoplestay/keepintouchwiththeirfriendsbyinternet.
三、常用词语和句型
1.onthego忙碌,到处跑,如:
Mymumisonthegoallday.
Childrenarealwaysonthego.
2.agree同意;赞成;答应
Sheagreedtomyidea.
她同意我的想法。
Iquiteagreewithwhatyousay.
你所说的我很赞成。
agreeonsth表示双方达成协议
Thetwosideshaveagreedonthedateofthemeeting.
agreewith一致;相符合
agreewithsb.同意某人的话;适宜健康;与……相宜
Theliquordidnotagreewithme.
这酒不适合我喝。
eupwith赶上,走近;想出,提出
egFinally,Icameupwiththetravelers.
Hesooncameupwithagoodidea.
4.seem,appear,look“看起来似”,区别是:
seem暗示有一定根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实。
后接不定式或从句。
Herhealthseemstobeworse.
Itseemedthatsomethingwaswrong.
look着重由视觉得出的印象
Hermotherlooksyoung.
四、日常交际用语
Absolutely.
Idisagree.
That'sexactlywhatIwasthinking.
I'mafraidIdon’tagree.
That'sagoodpoint.
Well,itdepends.
That'sjusthowIseeit.
Well,Idon'tknow.
That'sworththinkingabout.Well,I'mnotsosureaboutthat.
Whatdoesitlooklike?
Whatsizeisit?
Howmuchwillitcost?
Whatisitusedfor?
Unit2014Theworldaroundus
一、语法
ReviewDirectandIndirectSpeech
直接引语和间接引语的相互转换
1.若直接引语为陈述句,则间接引语需改为由that所引导的宾语从句。
如:
Themansaid,"Iamhungry."
Themansaidthathewashungry.
2.若直接引语为祈使句,则间接引语需改为动词不定式,原动词say也要改为可以带动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词如tell,ask,order,advise等。
如:
1)Theteachersaid,"Becarefulwithyourspelling."
Theteachertoldustobecarefulwithourspelling.
2)"Don’tstickoutyourheadsasthebusgoes."said