有关青瓷的英语材料.docx
《有关青瓷的英语材料.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《有关青瓷的英语材料.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
有关青瓷的英语材料
TraditionalSinteringSkillforLongQuanCeladon
龙泉位于省的西南部，以烧制青瓷闻名于世。
²Longquancity,inthesouthwestofZhejiangChina,isfamousforsinteringLongquanceladon.
²LongquanCity,locatedinthesouthwestofZhejiangChina,isnotedforsinteringLongquanceladon.
²LongquanCity,situatedinthesouthwestofZhejiangChina,isworld-renownedforitsuniqueceladonsinteringskills.
龙泉青瓷烧制技术有着悠久的历史。
²Longquanceladonsinteringskillhasalonginfluencinghistory.
²Longquanceladonsinteringskillenjoysaprofoundhistory.
²Longquanceladonsinteringskillhasalonginfluencinghistory.
²Longquanceladonsinteringskillenjoysaprofoundhistory.
龙泉是一座具有悠久历史和灿烂文化的名城。
Longquanisafamousorientalcitywithprofoundhistoryandsplendidculture.
五代时期的“秘色”青瓷，北宋时期写意传神的刻花青瓷，哥窑的紫口铁足，南宋时期弟窑的粉清，梅子清为经典代表的釉色等等都各具独特的烧制技艺和文化涵。
²Keywords:
³Period
³Dynasty
³Freehandbrushwork
³Kiln
³Thickglaze
³Carveddesign
²MiseCeladonsinteredduringWudaiperiod
²CarveddesignceladonoffreehandbrushworkduringNorthSongDynasty
²“Zikoutiezu”celadonfromGekiln
²Thickglazeceladonof“Fenqing”and“Meiziqing”fromDikilnduringSouthDynasty
²Andthelike…/andsoon/
²独特的烧制技艺
³UniqueDistinct/DistinctiveSpecifical
³文化涵ConnotationImplication
…havedistincttechnicalfeaturesandculturalimplication.
²程度这个词不用翻译
²前所未有的
³Unprecedented
²LongquanceladonhadunprecedentedproductionduringYuanDynasty.
明朝时期，龙泉青瓷作为大明王朝的国礼随着和下西洋而进入沿途各国的皇宫院
DuringMingDynasty,Longquanceladon,asnationalpresent,hadenteredintoimperialpalacesofmanycountrieswithZhengHe’snavigation
宋元时期，龙泉青瓷出口激增。
²激增的表达
³Surge
³Increasedramatically
³Expanddrastically
²DuringSongandYuanperiods,Longquanceladonhadlargeexportation.
²DuringSongandYuanperiods,theexportofLongquanceladonincreaseddramatically.
据调查，龙泉青瓷当时远销50多个国家和地区。
²Accordingtoresearch,Longquanceladonhasbeenfoundinmorethan50countriesandregions.
²Accordingtoresearch,Longquanceladonhadbeenexportedtomorethan50countriesandregions
一些国家的博物馆珍藏着龙泉青瓷；在中国南海发现的一艘沉船中，发现了大量的南宋早期烧制的龙泉青瓷；在国新安海底发现一艘元代沉船，打捞出1万多件瓷器；在明朝，龙泉青瓷被誉为“雪拉同”在法语中。
²SomemuseumsexhibitedLongquanceladon.
²LargeamountofLongquanceladonfromtheearlystageofSouthSongDynastywerefoundinthewreckoftheSouthChinaSea.
²Nearly10000LongquanceladonwerealsofoundinthewreckofYuanDynastyinXinanSeabedofKorea.
²DuringMingDynasty,Longquanceladonwascalled“Xuelatong”byFrench
TraditionalSinteringSkillforLongQuanCeladon
龙泉是青瓷的主要发源地，受益于其上好的资源和精良的传统烧制工艺。
发源地
Origin/Originate/Birthplace/Cradle
}Longquanisaprincipaloriginofceladon,mainlybenefitingfromhigh-qualityresourcesandexcellenttraditionalsinteringworkmanship.
}Longquan，asthemaincradleofceladon,benefitsfromextraordinaryresourcesandsoundtraditionalsinteringworkmanship.
只有用龙泉独有的紫金土和瓷石所制的青釉才能烧制出如翠玉般的青瓷。
}独有的
◦Exclusive
}翠玉般的
◦形容词性Jade-like
}OnlyglazemadeofLongquan'sexclusivevioletgoldenearthandporcelainstonescanmakethejade-likeceladon.
}Thejade-likeceladononlycouldbesinteredbyglazemadeofLongquan’sexclusivevioletgoldenearthandporcelainstones.
龙泉青瓷的原材料主要是主体材料和釉
}原材料
◦Rawmaterial
}ThemainrawmaterialsofLongquanceladonarebodymaterialandglaze.
}ThemainrawmaterialsofLongquanceladonconsistofbodymaterialandglaze.
主体的原材料是瓷土；制备釉的原料主要是瓷石，紫金土，石灰石，石英和植物灰等，将选取的优质原料经粉碎、淘洗后以一定的比例混合即为釉。
}瓷土porcelainclay
}瓷石porcelainstone
}紫金土violetgoldenclay
}石灰石limestone
}石英quartz
}粉碎crushup
}淘洗elutriate
翻译的时候注意“粉碎，淘洗”应为被动语态，“按一定的比例混合”可以放在前面，“将选取优质的原材料”可以省略。
}ThemainrawmaterialsofLongquanceladonarebodymaterialandglaze.
}Therawmaterialofbodyisporcelainclay.
}Therawmaterialofglazeismadeupaccordingtocertainproportionofporcelainstone,violetgoldclay,limestone,quartzandvegetableashesetc.afterbeingcrushedupandelutriated.
}Therawmaterialofglazeismixingproductofporcelainstone,violetgoldclay,limestone,quartzandvegetableashesetc.incertainproportionafterbeingcrushedupandelutriated.
釉的成色和光泽度取决于原料矿点位置，植物灰的种类和混合的比例。
}成色
◦Quality
}光泽度
◦Burnishdegree
}Thequalityandburnishdegreedependonthelocationofrawmaterial,typeofvegetableashandmaking-upproportion.
龙泉青釉配方一直秘不外传。
}秘不外传
◦Hardlydisclose…
}Celadoncraftsmanhardlydisclosetherecipeofglaze.
}Therecipeofglazehasalwaysbeenasecret
}龙泉青瓷传统烧制技艺包括
◦选料rawmaterialchoosing
◦粉碎crushing
◦淘洗elutriating
◦压滤pressfiltering
◦腐decaying
◦练泥pugging
◦成型shaping
◦晾干drying
◦修坯semi-finishedproducttrimming
◦装饰decorating
◦素烧biscuitsintering
◦施釉glazing
◦装匣boxing
◦装窑puttingintokiln
◦烧成sinteringinthekiln
3TraditionalSinteringSkillforLongquanCeladon
青瓷在龙窑中的烧制温度要高达1310摄氏度。
ž龙窑DragonKiln
ž高达ashighas…
žThetemperatureofceladonsinteringintheDragonkilnisashighasabout1310℃.
在龙窑中的烧制过程极具难度，因此需要高超的烧制技术。
žVersion1（“烧制过程”作为共同主语）
—ThesinteringinDragonkilnrequireshighdifficultiesandtechniques.
žVersion2（主句/从句）
—ThesinteringinDragonkilnisofhighdifficulties,whichrequiresexcellenttechniques.
坯和釉料在不同阶段，温度也应不同。
žEmbryoandglazematerialsindifferentstagesrequiredifferenttemperatures.
žTemperaturesshouldbechangedwiththedifferentstagesofembryoandglazematerial.
同时，不同的温度，环境，木柴也会导致青瓷品质的好坏。
导致
—Resultin
—Leadto
—Make
žWhat’smore,differenttemperature,surroundingsandfirewoodwillresultindifferentqualitiesandfinenessesoftheceladon.
青瓷技师必须经过多年的磨练才能精确地掌控窑的温度。
—磨练的表达
○Techniciansoftheceladonmustbeexperiencedformanyyearstomakeperfectcontrolofthetemperatureofkiln.
○Techniciansoftheceladonshouldundergoalongprocessoftemperingtomakeperfectcontrolofthetemperatureofkiln.
由于在烧制的过程中，火苗是向上的，烧制龙泉青瓷的窑往往都是沿斜坡而建。
Asthefireisclimbingupwardsduringthesintering,thekilnsforceladoninLongquanaregenerallybuiltalongtheslope
在窑中烧制的过程中，火光四射，烟雾缭绕，其景象就如神龙再现，因此，被誉为“龙窑”。
ž火光四射flamingblaze
ž烟雾缭绕curlingsmoke
žWhentheceladonissinteringinthekiln,thesceneisvividwithflamingblazeandcurlingsmokelikedragons.Thereforethekilniscalledthe“DragonKiln”.
一般来说，龙窑长度约为40米到60米。
最长的达到97米。
žThegenerallengthsofDragonKilnsarerangingfrom40mto60m.Thelongestonecanreach97m.
龙泉瓷器装饰技法包括刻花，画花，贴花，捏塑，点彩，露胎等，但釉始终是最主要的。
因此，我们可以比喻青釉即使青瓷的灵魂所在。
ž刻花carving画花painting贴花stamping
ž捏塑modeling点彩colordotting
ž露胎bodyexposing
žDecorationcraftsofLongquanporcelainsincludecarving,painting,stamping,modeling,colordottingandbodyexposing,buttheglazeisthemostimportantpart.Sowecansaythatthegreenglazeisthesoulofceladon.
4TraditionalSinteringSkillforLongquanCeladon
现今，龙泉古窑大约还剩10处，其中，只有“曾芹记古窑”还在运作使用。
▪运作使用Inuse
▪Presently,therearemorethan10kilnsinexistenceinLongquan,butonlythe“ZengqinjiAncientKiln”isstillinusenow.
“曾芹记古窑”已经被列入我省首批非物质文化遗产传承保护基地，同时，曾世平被认作是古窑的第7代继承人。
▪列入belisted
▪非物质文化遗产传承保护基地
IntangibleculturalheritageProtectionBase
▪继承人inheritor
IthasbeenlistedasIntangibleculturalheritageProtectionBase
ofZhejiangProvinceandZengShipinghasbeenrecognizedasthe7thinheritorofthekiln.
中国各级政府机关对龙泉青瓷烧制技艺的传承和保护都给予了高度的重视。
▪给予了高度的重视
▫Attachgreatimportanceto
▫Paygreatattentionto
▫Ishighlyprized
▫Valueithighly
▪各级政府机关
▫Alllevelsofthegovernment
▪Version1
▫ChinesegovernmentsatalllevelsattachgreatimportancetotheinheritanceandprotectionoftheLongquanceladonsinteringworkmanship.
▪Version2
▫TheinheritanceandprotectionoftheLongquanceladonsinteringworkmanshipishighlyprizedbyalllevelsofChinesegovernment.
采取的保护措施包括：
▪开设传统青瓷烧制作坊；
▪确立代表性传承人和传承基地；
▪设立青瓷艺人终身成就奖并给予政府津贴；
▪设置青瓷收藏、研究与保护部门；
▪成立青瓷行业协会；
▪在职业学校开设青瓷专业；
▪建设青瓷文化创意基地
▪开设传统青瓷烧制作坊
▪Buildingtraditionalceladonsinteringworkshops
▪确立代表性传承人和传承基地
▪Determiningrepresentativeinheritorsandinheritancebases
▪设立青瓷艺人终身成就奖并给予政府津贴
▪Settinguptheceladoncraftsmen'slifeachievementawardsandofferinggovernmentsubsidies
▪设置青瓷收藏、研究与保护部门
▪Establishingceladoncollection,researchandprotectiondepartments
▪成立青瓷行业协会
▫Establishingceladonindustryassociations
▪在职业学校开设青瓷专业
▫OpeningCeladonsinteringmajorinvocationalschool
▪建设青瓷文化创意基地
▫Creatingceladonculturecreativebases
▪Measurestakeninclude…
龙泉青瓷烧制技艺有良好的传承环境，不断创新发展，烧制质量不断提高。
▪“良好的传承环境”作为条件
▪Withthegreatinheritancepedigrees,Longquanceladonsinteringworkmanshiphaskeptdevelopingandthesinteringqualityhascontinuedtoberefined.
在龙泉青瓷传统烧制技艺传承人中，有国家级传承人1人，省级传承人8人，中高级职称青瓷艺人218人。
▪AmongtheinheritorsoftheLongquanceladonsinteringworkmanship,thereisonenationalmaster,eightprovincialmasters,andtwohundredandeighteenseniorcraftworkartists.
徐朝兴大师的青瓷造型灵动，跳刀工艺出神入化。
ß造型灵动vividandsmartmodeling
ß跳刀乃是刻画的一种工艺
ßCeladonfromMasterXuChaoxingisnotedforvividandsmartmodelingandperfectcarvingworkmanship.
毛正聪大师的青瓷端庄、简洁，其烧制的粉青、梅子青厚釉可与南宋官窑媲美；
ß端庄elegant
ß媲美asgreatas…/comparableto…
ßWorksfromMasterMaoZhengcongissimpleandelegant.Inparticular,his“fenqing”and“meiziqing”isasgreatastheofficialkilnsintheSouthSongDynasty;
夏候文大师对青瓷的综合性装饰，丰富了装饰技法；
ß综合性装饰comprehensivedecoration
ß丰富enrich
ßThecomprehensivedecorationofceladonbyMasterXiaHouwenenrichesthedecoratingskills;
绍斌大师的青瓷造型典雅含蓄，制作极其精细。
ß典雅含蓄implicitandelegant
ß精细fine
ßTheworksfromMasterZhangShaobingisreputedforelegantandimplicitmodelingandextremelyfineproduction
在中国，玉文化深入人心。
龙泉青瓷被誉为人工制造的美玉。
ß深入人心sinkdeepintohuman’smind/takeroot
ß被誉为behonoredas
ßInChina,jadeculturesinksdeepintohuman’smind.LongQuanceladonishonoredasman-madebeautifuljade.
ßInChina,jadeculturehastakenroot.Longquanceladonisnotedforman-made
升级会员 