大学四级1682.docx

大学四级1682.docx

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大学四级1682

大学四级-1682

（总分：

713.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、PartⅠWriting（总题数：

1，分数：

106.00）

1.1.人生中竞争很重要

2.然而，合作也很重要

3.我的看法

（分数：

106.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：

（[经典范文]

CompetitionandCooperation

Competitionisveryimportantinaperson'slife.[1]Theso-culled"jungleprinciple"emphasizesthatthefittestsurvives,whichexpandstheessenceofcompetitiontoaprofoundextent.Inourmodernsociety,somanywell-educatedandtalentedpeople[2]strivetobeoutstandingandestablishthemselves,andcompetition,[3]thewayforthemtorealizetheirdream,becomesespecially[4]moreseverethanwethinkitshouldbe.Apersonshouldcompeteforhissurvival;[5]otherwise,hewouldbethrownoutofthetideofhisage.

Cooperation,[6]however,alsoplaysasignificantroleinaperson'scareer.Thedevelopmentoftransportationandcommunicationbringsourworldintoamobilestage.Peopleallovertheworldgetintouchwitheachothermoreeasilythanbefore.Itishardforapersonwhoisisolatedfromthesocietytohaveadeepunderstandingoftheworldhelivesin,[7]letaloneaccomplishmentinhiscareer.Insomesense,cooperationistherequirementoftheinformationera.

[8]Myviewpointisthatthewayforapersontoachievesuccessistokeepagoodbalancebetweencompetitionandcooperation.[9]Inotherwords,hehastocooperatewithotherstobemorecompetitive,andcompetetogetabetterenvironmentforcooperation.）

解析：

[写作指南]

这是一篇典型的对比类作文，要求考生在肯定“竞争很重要”的同时分析“合作也很重要”的理由，并在最后阐述自己的观点。

根据写作要求，文章的结构安排如下：

第一段开头段，说明竞争的重要性，可以从正反两方面谈；

第二段中间段，从另一方面说明合作的重要性，最好说明理由；

第三段结尾段，谈谈自己的看法，其实就是建议。

[亮点解析]

[1]一种解释引言的句型，emphasizes也可以用indicates，implies等。

[2]意思为“努力”。

类似表达法有tryhardto，makeeffortsto，endeavorto等。

[3]使用同位语可以使语言简练，并增加语言的地道性。

[4]利用比较结构起强调作用。

[5]意思为“否则的话”，含蓄虚拟语气的标志。

[6]意思为“然而”，把连接词插在主谓之间，使语言富有变化。

[7]意思为“更不用说”，表示否定意义的追加。

类似表达法有muchless，stillless等。

[8]意思为“我的观点是”，相当于Ithinkthat。

[9]意思为“换而言之”，进一步说明，使观点更具体。

二、PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（总题数：

1，分数：

70.00）

WeddingCustomsAroundtheWorld

WeddingCeremonies

Aweddingiscelebratedwithsomekindofceremonyalmosteverywhereintheworld.Theceremoniesvarygreatlyamongdifferentnationsanddifferentreligions.Butwhatevertheformofamarriageceremony,itservestheimportantpurposeofannouncingtothecommunitythatamaleandafemalehavebeenjoinedinmatrimony（婚姻）.

Theweddingceremonymaybeareligiousoneperformedbyachurchman.InWesternsocietiesitmaybeacivilceremonyperformedbyacivilofficial,suchasamayororajudge.Oritmaybeonlyacouple'sdeclaration,beforewitnesses,oftheirintentiontomarry.Insomeplacesatransferofpropertymakesamarriagebinding.Inotherplacesbloodisdrawnfromthehandsofthebrideandgroom.Thebloodismixed,sealingtheunion.Amongsomepeoplethemarriageriteconsistsonlyofthebrideandgroom'ssharingthesamefood.

MarriageisoneofthesevenimportantreligiousceremoniesoftheCatholicChurch.Themarriageisheldinachurchwiththeserviceconductedbythepriestinthelanguageofthecountry.Thecouplestandatthealtar（圣坛）.Thepriestaskseachinturn,"Doyoutake[nameofpartner]herepresentforyourlawfulwife/husband,accordingtotheriteofourHolyMother,theChurch?

"inturn,eachanswers,"Ido."Theythenrepeatthemarriagevowsafterthepriest.Thepriestblessestheunion:

"InthenameoftheFather,andoftheSon,andoftheHolySpirit.Amen."Thepriestsprinklesthecouplewithholywaterandblessestheringorrings.

ManytraditionalcustomsareobservedatJewishweddings,althoughtheyarenotrequiredbyJewishlaw.UsuallytheJewishpriest,thebrideandgroom,andtheirattendantsstandunderadecoratedcovercalledachupah（犹太教举行婚礼上用的彩棚）.ThepresentuseofthechupahbeganduringtheMiddleAgesamongtheEasternEuropeanJews.TheJewishpriestconductstheservice.Duringtheceremonythebrideandgroommakeappropriatevowsandtakepartintheringceremony.TheJewishpriestblessesacupofwine,fromwhichthebrideandgroombothdrink.TheJewishpriesttalkstothecoupleaboutthesacrednessofmarriageandresponsibilitiesofthebrideandgroom.AftertheJewishpriesthaspronouncedthemmanandwife,awineglassisoftenplacedonthefloor.Thegroomstepsontheglassandbreaksit.Scholarsdisagreeaboutthesymbolismofthecustom,butmanybelievethatthebreakingoftheglassrecallsthedestructionofthetempleinJerusalem,remindingthecouplethatevenatthemomentofgreatestjoy,theremaybesorrow.

TheMuslimmarriageisacivilandreligiouscontractbetweenthebrideandgroom.Thereligiousceremoniesandcelebrationsvarywiththecustomsofthecountryinwhichthemarriageisheld.Peopleofwealthbeginthecelebrationstwoorthreedaysbeforetheweddingandcontinuefortwoorthreedaysafter.Thebrideiselaboratelydressedinbrightcolorsandwearsherfinestjewelry.Theweddingtakesplaceatthehomeofthebride.TheserviceisperformedbyMuslimpriest,beforeatleasttwomalewitnessesoronemaleandtwofemalewitnessesandthenthevowsareexchanged.

WeddingCustoms

Manyofthecustomsassociatedwithweddingceremoniesarebasedonneitherchurchnorcivillaw.Theydevelopedfromweddingcustomsofearliesttimesandcomefrommanylands.

ThewearingofabridalveildatesbacktoearlyGreekandRomantimes.Theveilwasthoughttoconcealthebridefromevilspirits.Theveilisalsobelievedtohavebeenwornasanindicationofthebride'sinnocenceandpurity.

Theweddingringisthemostwidelyusedsymbolofmarriagetoday,asithasbeenforcenturies.Theword"wedding"comesfromtheoldEnglishword"wed",whichmeans"promise"or"pledge".DuringAnglo-Saxontimesapromisetomarrywassealedwhenthebridegroom-to-begavehissweetheartaring.Thering,acirclewithnobeginningorend,wasconsideredasymbolofbeingeternal.Thethirdfingerofthelefthandwaschosenastheringfingerbecauseofmistakenbeliefsthatanerverunsfromthatfingertotheheart.

Thebestmanhasbeenexplainedasasurvivaloftheancientpracticeofwifecapture,inwhichthebridegroom'sfriendshelpedhiminhisstruggletocarryoffawife.Thebride'sattendantsweresupposedtoprotectherfrombeingcaptured.

Thehoneymoon,orholidayspentbythecoupleaftermarriage,mayhavehaditsbeginningsintheideathatthefirstmonthofmarriageisthesweetest.ThewordcomesfromtheFrenchphraselunedemile,whichmeans"moonofhoney".Itisbelievedthatitwasanancientcustomforanewlymarriedcoupletotakeadrinkcontaininghoneyoneachofthefirst30daysofthemarriage.

Inancienttimespeopledroveoffanyunfriendlyspiritsaroundthebridalcouplebymakingnoises,lightingfires,andwavingtorches.Manypracticesthatweresupposedtopreventbadluckandbringblessingstothebridalpairhavecomedownthroughtheyears.Throwingriceafteranewlymarriedcoupleisaveryoldcustom.Theancientsthrewriceatthebrideandgroomtodistractevilspirits.Inmanycountriesthebridalpairisshoweredwithnuts,corn,orwheat.Tincansoroldshoesaresometimestiedtothecarthatcarriesthebrideandgroomaway.Thispracticemayhavecomeoutoftheancientbeliefthatloudnoisesfrightenbadspiritsaway.Toassuregoodluck,bridesoftenfollowtheoldsayingandwearforthewedding"somethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,somethingblue".

LegalRequirements

Everysocietyhasitsownlawsandrequirementsgoverningmarriage.Theremayberegulationsconcerningtheagesatwhichacouplemaymarry,theproceduresforalicensetomarry,therecordingofthemarriage,orthetypeofceremony.

EachstateintheUnitedStatessetsitsownminimumageatwhichacouplemaymarry.Inmoststates,peoplemustbe18tomarrywithouttheconsentoftheirparents.Withparentalconsent,peoplemaymarryat16inmoststates.InmostofBritain,16istheminimumageformarriage,andparentalconsentisrequireduntilthepersonis18.Indiaallowswomenof14andmenof18tomarry.TheminimumageformarriagewithparentalconsentinFranceis15forwomenand18formen,butpeopleof21maymarrywithoutconsent.InItalythebridemustbe14andthegroom16.TheminimumageformarriageinJapanis16forwomenand18formen.

AmarriagelicenseisrequiredintheUnitedStates,Canada,andmanyothercountries.Insomecountriesalicensetomarryisnotrequired,butafterthemarriagetakeplace,itmustberecordedwiththestateauthorities.MoststatesintheUnitedStatesrequireamedicalexaminationandbloodtestbeforethelicenseisissued.

（分数：

70.00）

（1）.Inthispassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedastheonequalifiedtoperformtheweddingceremony?

（分数：

7.00）

 A.Acivilofficial.

 B.Ajudge.

 C.Thebride'sfather. √

 D.Apriest.

解析：

[题眼寻踪]Inthispassage，whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedastheonequalifiedtoperformtheweddingceremony?

[原文定位]在WeddingCeremonies标题下第二段前两句：

Theweddingceremonymaybeareligiousoneperformedbyachurchman．InWesternsocietiesitmaybeacivilceremonyperformedbyacivilofficial，suchasamayororajudge．

[答案详解]原文意思为：

大婚礼可由神职人员主持，亦可由官员主持，如市长或法官。

四个选项中只有C项“thebride'sfather”（新娘的父亲）没有提到，故选之。

（2）.Onwhichmarriageceremonythepriestblessestheunionbysprinklingthecouplewithholywater?

（分数：

7.00）

 A.Jewish.

 B.Muslim.

 C.RomanCatholic. √

 D.Noneoftheabove.

解析：

[题眼寻踪]Onwhichmarriageceremonythepriestblessestheunionbysprinklingthecouplewithholywater?

[原文定位]在WeddingCeremonies标题下第三段最后一句：

Thepriestsprinklesthecouplewithholywaterandblessesthe