3GMSASEAN全解.docx
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3GMSASEAN全解
Unit3GMS&ASEAN
TextA
ADB’sGMSPROGRAM
BackgroundInformation
1.TheGreaterMekongSub-region
TheGreaterMekongSub-region(GMS)ismadeupofCambodia,People’sRepublicofChina(PRC,specificallyYunnanProvinceandGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion),LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic(LaoPDR),Myanmar,Thailand,andVietNam.TheGMSisanaturaleconomicareaboundtogetherbytheMekongRiver.TheGMScovers2.6millionsquarekilometersandhasacombinedpopulationofaround326million.
2.Origin
In1992,withassistancefromtheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB),thesixcountriesoftheGMSlaunchedaprogramofsub-regionaleconomiccooperationtoenhancetheireconomicrelations,buildingontheirsharedhistoriesandcultures.TheGMSProgram,withsupportfromADBandotheragencies,helpsimplementhigh-prioritysub-regionalprojectsinninesectors(seeProgramsectors).
3.ThreeCs—Connectivity,Competitiveness,andCommunity
TheGMSProgramhasadoptedathree-prongedstrategy—the3Cs—toreachitsvisionofaprosperous,integrated,andharmonioussub-region.Thismeans:
(1)Increasingconnectivityinthesub-regionthroughsustainabledevelopmentofinfrastructureandtransnationaleconomiccorridors;
(2)Improvingcompetitivenessthroughefficientcross-bordermovementofpeopleandgoods,andintegratedmarketsandproductionprocesses,therebyeasingthesub-region’sintegrationintotheglobaleconomy;and(3)Buildingagreatersenseofcommunitythroughprogramsthataddresssharedsocialandenvironmentalconcerns.
4.DevelopmentofEconomicCorridors
The“economiccorridor”approachrecognizesthatdevelopmententailsinfrastructureintegratedwithothereconomicopportunities.Theseincludetradeandinvestment,andeffortstoaddresssocialandotherimpactsarisingfromincreasedconnectivity.TheGMScountrieshaveformedan
EconomicCorridorsForumtobolstereffortsintransformingGMStransportcorridorsintoeconomiccorridors.Itisdesignedtoenhancecollaborationamongareasalongthecorridorsand
amongGMSsectorworkinggroups,andwillactasasinglebodyfocusingoneconomiccorridordevelopment.Thiswillhelpimproveinteractionbetweenthepublicandprivatesectors,andbetweencentralandlocalgovernments.
5.ADB’sRole
ADBplaysamultifacetedroleintheGMSProgram:
(1)Asfinancier,providingfinancingandassistancetotheGMScountries;
(2)AstechnicalandadvisorysupportformanyactivitiesundertheGMSProgram;(3)AssecretariatandcoordinatoroftheGMSProgram;(4)Ashonestbroker,supportingsub-regionaldialogueatthepoliticalandoperationallevels,andamongstakeholdersoftheGMSProgram;and(5)Ascatalyst,bybringingtogetherthedifferentparticipantsintheGMSProgram,andhelpingthemreachconsensusonkeyissues.
6.CambodiaintheGMS
CambodiahasbeenanactiveparticipantintheGMSProgramsincetheProgram’sinceptionin1992.The11thMinisterialConferencewasheldinPhnomPenhinSeptember2002.TheFirstGMSSummitofLeaderswasheldinPhnomPenhinNovember2002.GivenitscentrallocationintheLowerMekongBasin,
CambodiaisviewedasakeyplayerindeepeningeconomiccooperationamongtheparticipatingcountriesintheGMSProgram.
7.thePeople’sRepublicofChinaintheGMS
ThePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)isanactiveparticipantintheGMSProgramthroughtheimplementationofprioritysub-regionalprojectsinYunnanProvinceandGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion(Guangxi)aswellas
participationinregionwideinitiatives.ThePRChasbeenastrongproponentofthebasicprinciplesofsub-regionalcooperationundertheGMSProgram,whichwerereaffirmedbyGMSLeadersattheirSecondSummitheldinKunming,PRCinJuly2005,andmorerecentlyattheThirdGMSSummitheldinVientiane,LaoPDRinMarch2008.
8.LaoPDRintheGMS
TheLaoPDRissituatedatthe“heart”oftheGMS,beingtheonlycountrywithborderswithalltheotherFiveGMScountries(Cambodia,PRC,Myanmar,Thailand,andVietNam).LaoPDRviewseconomiccooperationasanimportantmeansforsupportingsustainableeconomicgrowth.
9.MyanmarinGMS
MyanmaristhesecondlargestcountryinSoutheastAsia,borderingfivenations,andisendowedwithrichnaturalresources—arableland,forestry,minerals(includinggasandoil),andfreshwaterandmarineresources.
Economicgrowthedgedupoverthepast2years,accompaniedbyrelativelymodestinflation.Theeconomyisexpectedtogrowmoderatelyovertheforecastperiod,supportedbyforeigninvestmentinconstructionandhigherlevelsofcredittoagriculture.ThegovernmentthattookofficeinMarch2011facesanextensiveagendaofreformsifthecountryistoreachitspotential.
10.ThailandintheGMS
ThailandhasbeenanactiveparticipantintheGMSProgramsincetheProgram’sinceptionin1992.ThailandhasbeenparticipatinginADB-financedregionaltechnicalassistance(RETA)projectsundertheGMSProgram.ThailandhasalsobeenamajorprovideroffinancialandtechnicalassistancetoneighboringGMS
countriesfortheimplementationofprioritysub-regionalprojects.
11.VietNamintheGMS
TheSocioeconomicDevelopmentPlanoftheGovernmentofVietNamrecognizestheimportanceofregionalcooperationandintegrationinattainingVietNam’sdevelopmentgoals.Borderdistricts/provincesareamongthepoorestareasinthecountryand,assuch,theirdevelopmentissignificantlyinfluencedby
VietNam’sneighbors,i.eCambodia,thePRC,andLaoPDR.
LanguagePoints
1.
1.Para.[1]:
…TheGreaterMekongSub-region(GMS)isabrainchildoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)comprisingoffivecountriesandoneprovince.
①brainchild:
(informal)anideaorinventionwhichisconsideredasaparticularperson'screation(非正式)脑力劳动的产物(如主意或发明)
e.g.ThisnewprogramwasthebrainchildofBillGates.
这个新程序是比尔•盖茨编制的。
②comprise:
[withobj.]consistof;bemadeupof由…组成,由…构成
e.g.Thecountrycomprisestwentystates.
这个国家由20个州组成。
2.Para[2]:
...theGMShadundergoneaprocessofintegration...
aprocessof进程,过程
e.g.Theyhaveexperiencedsuchaprocessofpain.
3.Para.[4]:
…themightyMekongRiverwindsitswayfor4,200kilometersthroughtheirmidst.
windone'sway蜿蜒而行
e.g.Theroadwindsitsway.这条路曲折而行伸向远方。
4.Para.[5]:
Inparallelwiththis,thereisgrowingcommercialrelationsamongthesixMekongcountries….
Inparallelwith与…并行的,平行的
e.g.Inthiscase,theclientsideteamcanworkinparallelwiththeserversidedevelopmentteam.
在这种情况下,客户机端小组可以和服务器端开发小组并行工作。
5.Para.[10]:
ConferencegeneratedaclearcommitmentbytheGMScountries…inaconsistentandtimelymanner.
inamanner在一定程度上
e.gThestatement,inamanner,strengthenedhisposition.
这项声明在一定程度上加强了他的地位。
6.Para.[20]:
…ADBplaystheroleofacatalystandan“honestbroker”bybringingtogetherthedifferentparticipantsintheprogram…
bringtogether
①使相合〔连接〕
e.g.Bringthebrokenedgesoftheplatetogetherexactlywheretheywereandthengluethemcarefully.
把盘子的碎边拼凑起来,然后仔仔细细地粘住。
②使相识;使坐在一起;使会面
e.g.I'msogladtohavebeenthemeansofbringingyoutwoyoungpeopletogether.
我很高兴我起到了使你们两个年轻人相识的作用。
e.g.Theopposingforcesontheislandhavebeenbroughttogetherforpeacetalks.
岛上的敌对势力已经坐下来进行和平会谈。
WordStudy
1.degradationv.
(1)堕落;丢脸
Gamblingisalwayscoupledwithdegradation.
赌博总是与堕落相联系。
(2).植被退化;
Vegetationdegradation.
2.inceptionn.(机构,活动)开业,开始
Shehasbeenontheboardsinceitsinceptiontwoyearsago.
自从两年前开业起她就是董事会的成员了。
3.unprecedentedadj.空前的
Theaircrashcausedanunprecedentednumberofdeaths.
这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
4.intensificationn.激化
Intensificationofacontradiction矛盾的深化(激化)。
5.subsistencen.
(1)存活,生存,维生之道
Theirsubsistencecomesfromthesea.
他们依赖海洋生活。
Theirmainmodeofsubsistenceishunting.
他们主要以打猎为生。
(2)自给自足的;仅够自用的
Subsistenceagriculture.
自给自足的农业。
6.onsetn.(尤指不愉快事情的)开始
Theonsetofwinter.冬天的到来。
Thedrugmustbetakenfromtheonsetoftheinfection.
这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
7.notablyadv.
(1)especially,inparticular尤其
Adietlowinanimalfatprotectsagainstpotentiallyfataldiseases,notablydiabetes.
低动物脂肪的饮食结构可防止潜在的致命疾病,尤其是糖尿病。
(2)inawaythatisstrikingorremarkable明显地,显著地
[assub-modifier]Suchastatementisnotablyabsentfromthegovernment'sproposals.
政府提议中显然没有这样的陈述。
8.percapitaadv&adj.每人,按人计算(地)的
[asadv.]Thestatehadfewerbankspercapitathanelsewhere.
按人头计算,该州拥有的银行数要比其他地方少。
[asadj.]Percapitaspending.每人的花费。
9.disparityn.agreatdifference悬殊;巨大差异
Economicdisparitiesbetweendifferentregionsofthecountry.
该国不同地区间的巨大经济差异。
[massnoun]Thearrangementscouldleadtodisparityoftreatmentbetweencompanies.
这些协议可能导致不同公司间不同的待遇。
10.livelihoodn.生计,谋生之道
Appropriatearrangementswillbemadefortheirworkandlivelihood.
他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
11.extendv.offer提供;给予
Sheextendedaninvitationtohertostay.
她发出邀请,要她留下来。
12.mobilizev.
(1)organizeandencourage(people)toactorhaveeffectinaconcertedwayinordertobringaboutaparticularpoliticalobjective动员;鼓动
Heusedthepresstomobilizesupportforhisparty.
他利用新闻界鼓动对他的党的支持。
(2)bring(resources)intouseinordertoachieveaparticulargoal动用;利用
Atseawewillmobilizeanyamountofresourcestoundertakearescue.
在海上,我们会动用任何资源进行营救工作。
(3)make(something)movableorcapableofmovement使可移动
Thephysiotherapistmightmobilizethepatient'sshouldergirdle.
理疗师可帮助病人活动肩带。
(4)make(asubstance)abletobetransportedbyorasaliquid使流动
Acidrainmobilizesthealuminuminforestsoils.
酸雨使森林土壤中的铝流动起来。
13.thrustn.mainpart/ideas主要部份;核心思想
Sheexplainedthebroadthrustoftheparty’spolicies.
她解释了党的政策的一般要点。
14.infusev.fill;pervade
(1)注满;充满
Herworkisinfusedwithanangerb