被动语态讲解和练习.docx
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被动语态讲解和练习
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是:
主语（受动者）+be+过去分词+（by+施动者）
例如:
HewasscoldedbytheEnglishteacher.
2.主语+get+过去分词+其它成分
例如:
Theboygotdrownedlastsummer./Shegotfiredbecauseofherfaults.
注意:
使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。
例如:
Shelentmeabike.被动:
1）Iwaslentabike（byher）.
2）Abikewaslenttome（byher）.
4.情态动词+be+过去分词
例如:
Thisproblemmustbeworkedoutinhalfanhour.
5.双重被动式:
主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分
例如;Thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room./Themurdererwasorderedtobeshot.
二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。
常见动词是:
cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。
例如:
Thisknifecutswell.这把刀好切。
Thesebookssellwell.这些书好卖。
Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meatwon′tkeeplonginsuchhotweather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
Theclothwasheswell.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。
常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。
例如:
Theapplestastegood./Theflowersmellswonderful./Thenewsproved/turnedouttrue./Cottonfeelssoft.注:
prove也可用于被动式,如:
Hisanswer（was）provedright.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。
常见形容词有:
hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。
例如:
Theproblemiseasytodo./Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer./Theboxisheavytocarry./Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.比较:
Theproblemistobedone./Thequestionistobeanswered.没有形容词时,虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系,但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况:
1.IteachmyselfFrench.不可变为MyselfistaughtFrench.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.Wehelpeachother/oneanother.不可变为Eachother/Oneanotherishelpedbyus.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.Helostheart.不可变为Heartwaslostbyhim.因为象loseheart,makeaface,keepsilence,loseinthought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式。
4.Shetookpartinthesportsmeet.不能变为Thesportsmeetwastakenpartinbyher.因为象takepartin,belongto,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
被动语态考点分析
1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______.（NMET）
A.hascompleted
B.completes
C.hasbeencompleted
D.iscompleted
析:
complete是及物动词,“邮集”是被人完成的,须从表被动意的C、D中选择。
又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来,所以此题答案为D。
2.——Doyoulikethematerial?
——Yes,it______verysoft.（NMET）
A.isfeeling
B.felt
C.feels
D.isfelt
析:
观察题干,空白线后无宾语,可知feel是不及物动词,表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词,不能用于被动式,也不用进行时。
根据此题对话情景,是指某种材料的常规特性,要用一般现在时,不能用过去时,故答案为C。
feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词,可带宾语,有时态,语态等变化。
3.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.（NMET）
A.havebeentakenplace…havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace…havebeensetup
C.havetakenplace…havesetup
D.weretakenplace…weresetup
析:
takeplace（发生）是不及物动词,不可用于被动语态,于是可排除A、D,又因setup（建造）是及物动词,在此题中应该用被动式,故排除C,答案为B。
4.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.（NMET）
A.invited
B.toinvite
C.beinginvited
D.hadbeeninvited析:
首先可排除B。
因为它不表示“被邀请”。
又因D项少引导词who,也应排除。
A项=whowereinvited,C项=whowerebeinginvited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语,故也应排除。
因而可定答案为A。
5.Idon′tknowtherestaurant,butit′s______tobequiteagoodone.（NMET）
A.said
B.told
C.spoken
D.talked
析:
根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.issaid…”可定答案为A。
又如:
Heissaidtobeacleverboy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。
6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.（NMET）
A.hasbrokeninto…hasbeenstolen
B.hasbrokeninto…hadbeenstolen
C.hasbeenbrokeninto…stolen
D.hadbeenbrokeninto…stolen
析:
“房屋被人闯入”,“东西被偷”都是被动语态,故可排除A、B。
因C项中的hasbeenbrokeninto不能置于found之后,则答案只能是D。
7.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.（NMET）
A.betadencare
B.betakencareof
C.takecare
D.takecareof析:
takecareof…是固定短语,若无of则不可带宾语,只能跟that从句。
所以此题答案为B。
8.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.（NMET）
A.arenotkept…willhaveto
B.arenotkept…haveto
C.donotkeep…willhaveto
D.donotkeep…haveto
析:
观察题干,第一处必须用被动式,答案只能在A、B中选一。
条件句用一般现在时,主句应为一般将来时,故答案为A。
9.TheOlympicGames,____in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.（NMET）
A.firstplaying
B.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayed
D.tobefirstplaying
析;要表达“被举行”,只能在B、C中选。
B意“将要首次举行”。
显然不合in776BC这一过去时间,只有C,firstplayed（=whichwasfirstplayed）才合用。
故答案为C。
10.Thissentenceneeds______.
A.aimprovement
B.improve
C.improving
D.improved
析:
初看此题似手A、C皆可,但improvement是元音开头词,其前要用an,故排除。
need作实义动词,和require,want一样,后面可跟doing或tobedone表“需要被…”意。
如:
Thedoorneeds/wants/requirespainting/tobepainted.（这扇门需要漆一下。
）
11.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.
A.amnot
B.haven′tbeen
C.wasnot
D.willnotbe
析:
should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”,例如:
Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm,butitwasn′tpossible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”,所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合,故此题答案是C。
12.——______thenote______toMrSmith?
——No,Itisstillinmypocket.
A.Is…beinggiven
B.Was…given
C.Has…beengiven
D.Hasn′t…beengiven
析:
根据问句与答句,问话人显然是注重结果,故要用现在完成时。
似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗?
”也成立,但若是这种口气发问,答话人就应答“Sorry.Itisstillinmypocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。
13.Weheardit______thathehadgonetoNewYork.
A.say
B.said
C.tosay
D.besaid
析:
Itwassaidthat…可以改为Wehearditsaidthat…（都表示“据说…”之意）。
前一种说法中It是形式主语,后一种说法中it是形式宾语。
故此题答案为B。
动词时态、语态专练
1.Themathsproblemcanbe______.
A.easyworkedout
B.easytobeworkedout
C.easilyworkedout
D.easilytoworkout
2.Everypossiblemeans______,butnoneprovessuccessful.
A.hasbeentried
B.tried
C.isbeingtried
D.hastried
3.Thegirlisto______arichman.
A.marrywith
B.bemarried
C.marryto
D.bemarriedto
4.Hereceivedatelegramthat______“Mothersick”.
A.wrote
B.says
C.reads
D.read
5.Whocanyouimagine______tohisweddingparty?
A.inviting
B.beinginvited
C.wasinvited
D.tobeinvited
6.I______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.（NMET）
A.gave
B.wasgiven
C.wasgiving
D.hadgiven
7.——WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?
——He′salreadybeen______.（NMET）
A.askedfor
B.sentfor
C.calledfor
D.lookedfor
8.Aconductor______tokeepusintimeinthesingingyesterday.
A.needs
B.isneeding
C.wasneeded
D.hasbeenneeded
9.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.
A.isnotdecided
B.arenotdecided
C.hasnotdecided
D.havenotdecided
10.Ways______tostoppollutionbynow.
A.mustfind
B.willbefound
C.arefound
D.havebeenfound
11.Idon′twantanything______aboutit.
A.tosay
B.said
C.saying
D.havingsaid
12.——______thatthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
——Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I′vebeentold
B.I′vetold
C.I′mtold
D.Itold
13.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.（NMET）
A.isoffered
B.hasoffered
C.areoffered
D.haveoffered
14.Bettyhasneverbeenheard_______illofothers.
A.speak
B.spoken
C.tospeak
D.wassaid
15.Tom______tohavedeliveredthespeechintheirtheatreroom.
A.said
B.says
C.issaid
D.wassaid
16.——Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?
——Oh,excellent.It′sworth______asecondtime.（NMET）
A.toread
B.toberead
C.reading
D.beingread
17.LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.（NMET）
A.tobetaken
B.totake
C.beingtaken
D.taking.
18.______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.（NMET）
A.Given
B.togive
C.Giving
D.Havinggiven
19.——where______thebook?
Ican’tseeitanywhere.
——I______itrightherebutnowit’sgone.
A.didyouput;haveput
B.haveyouput;put
C.hadyouput;wasputting
D.wereyouputting;haveput
20.Hewouldnotfailsolongashe______hardthenextterm.
A.studied
B.wouldstudy
C.hadstudied
D.studies
21.Howlong______theEnglishparty______?
A.has;beenlasted
B.did;last
C.was;lasted
D.will;belasted
22.What______you______thistimenextFriday?
A.will;do
B.have;beendoing
C.are;doing
D.will;bedoing
23.Hardly______thebell______whentheteachercamein.
A.did;ring
B.would;ring
C.has;rung
D.had;rung
24.It______andthestreetswerestillwet.
A.hadbeenraining
B.rained
C.hadbeenrained
D.wouldrain
25.Thebook____onthegroundfortenminutesbutnonoehaspickeditup.
A.islying
B.haslain
C.lay
D.hasbeenlying
26.We______therewhenit______torain.
A.weregetting;wouldbegin
B.wereabouttoget;began
C.hadgot;hadbegun
D.wouldget;began
27.Theteachersaidwe______tenlessonsbytheendofthisterm.
A.shouldhavestudied
B.weregoingtostudy
C.havestudied
D.shouldstudy
28.——shetoldmeshehadmetyouinLondonlastyear.
——______you______hersince?
A.Had;met
B.Did;see
C.Would;meet
D.Have;seen
29.——When______again?
——Whenhe______,I’llletyouknow.
A.willhecome;willcome
B.willhecome;come
C.hecomes;comes
D.willhecome;comes
30.Tom______formorethanaweek.
A.hasleft
B.hadgoneaway
C.wentaway
D.hasbeenaway
31.——Whathappenedtoherteeth?
——She______theapplemorethanshecouldchew.
A.hasbitten
B.bit
C.hadbeenbitting
D.bites
32.Shakespearewassaid______37famousplaysinhislifetime.
A.finishingwriting
B.tofinishwriting
C.havingwritten
D.tohavewritten
33.——You’veagreedtogo.Sowhyaren’tyougettingready?
——ButI______thatyou______metostartatonce.
A.don’trealize;want
B.don’trealize;wanted
C.haven’trealized;want
D.didn’trealize;wanted
34.——Imissedthelecturelastnight.
——Oh,whatapity!
Iwish______.
A.youhearedit
B.youhadheardit
C.youneverheardit
D.youhadn’theardit
35.I’llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasI______it.
A.finished
B.amgoingtofinish
C.willfinish
D.havefinished
36.——Yourphonenumberagain?
I______quitecatchit.
——It’s9586442.（NMET）
A.didn’t
B.couldn’t
C.don’t
D.can’t
37.——I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.
——Oh,notatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes.
A.havebeen
B.hadbeen
C.was
D.willbe
38.WhenIwasatcollege.I______threefo
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