1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionI:
StructureandVocabulary
Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
EXAMPLE:
Iwascaught________therainyesterday.
[A]in
[B]by
[C]with
[D]at
ANSWER:
[A]
1.Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome________nothing.
[A]with
[B]as
[C]for
[D]by
2.It’s________mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthematter.
[A]off
[B]outside
[C]above
[D]beyond
3.IshouldsayHenryisnot________muchawriterasareporter.
[A]that
[B]so
[C]this
[D]as
4.Iwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth________.
[A]allthatmuch
[B]thatmuchall
[C]thatallmuch
[D]muchallthat
5.Hedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke________.
[A]incommon
[B]ingeneral
[C]inparticular
[D]inshort
6.It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone,________,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.
[A]somehow
[B]though
[C]therefore
[D]otherwise
7.Whenyouareaboutthroughthestory________,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.
[A]half
[B]midway
[C]halfway
[D]one-half
8.Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto________hisfavoritetoys.
[A]partoff
[B]partwith
[C]partaway
[D]partfrom
9.Strenuouseffortshavebeenmadeto________governmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.
[A]cutdown
[B]cutshort
[C]cutout
[D]cutoff
10.Whenataparty,besurenotto________fromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.
[A]turndown
[B]turnaway
[C]turnoff
[D]turnback
11.Thesurvival________ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.
[A]rate
[B]degree
[C]ratio
[D]scale
12.Hewas________admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.
[A]denied
[B]rejected
[C]repelled
[D]deprived
13.WhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta________answer.
[A]punctual
[B]fast
[C]rapid
[D]prompt
14.Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestill________forherdebts?
[A]answerable
[B]chargeable
[C]recoverable
[D]payable
15.Atthemeeting,Rolandargued________infavoroftheproposal.
[A]severely
[B]heavily
[C]forcefully
[D]warmly
SectionII:
ReadingComprehension
Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
Text1
Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.
Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.
Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?
Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.
It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.
Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.
Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:
“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!
”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.
Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.
Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.
16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,________.
[A]itisnosurprise
[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything
[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook
[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance
17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant________.
[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading
[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose
[C]torememberwhatyouread
[D]tochooseaninterestingbook
18.Readingactivityinvolves________.
[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses
[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically
[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions
[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences
19.Agoodreaderisonewho________.
[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter
[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading
[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading
[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknown
Text2
Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.
Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.
Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).
Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.
20.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat________.
[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone
[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound
[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities
[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter
21.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat________.
[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity
[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless
[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic
[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites
22.Thepurposeofthispassageis________.
[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior
[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution
[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingloss
[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsound
Text3
Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterhe