高考英语课标1卷.docx

高考英语课标1卷.docx

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高考英语课标1卷

2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ

第二部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节　（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]

A

TheCambridgeScienceFestivalCuriosityChallenge

DaretoTaketheCuriosityChallenge!

TheCambridgeScienceFestival（CSF）ispleasedtoinformyouofthesixthannualCuriosityChallenge.Thechallengeinvites,evendaresschoolstudentsbetweentheagesof5and14tocreateartworkorapieceofwritingthatshowstheircuriosityandhowitinspiresthemtoexploretheirworld.

Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture,writeanarticle,takeaphotoorwriteapoemthatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout.Toenterthechallenge,allartworkorpiecesofwritingshouldbesenttotheCambridgeScienceFestival,MITMuseum,265MassAvenue,Cambridge02139byFriday,February8th.

StudentswhoentertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonouredataspecialceremonyduringtheCSFonSunday,April21st.Guestspeakerswillalsopresentprizestothestudents.Winningentrieswillbepublishedinabook.Studententrieswillbeexhibitedandprizeswillbegiven.Familiesofthosewhotakepartwillbeincludedinthecelebrationandbrunchwillbeserved.

BetweenMarch10thandMarch15h,eachwinnerwillbegiventhespecificsoftheclosingceremonyandtheCuriosityChallengecelebration.Theprogrammeguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableat：

http：

//cambridgesciencefestival.org.

21.WhocantakepartintheCuriosityChallenge?

A.Schoolstudents.　　　B.Cambridgelocals.

C.CSFwinners.D.MITartists.

22.Whenwilltheprizegivingceremonybeheld?

A.OnFebruary8th.B.OnMarch10th.

C.OnMarch15th.D.OnApril21st.

23.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

A.Anexhibitionguide.B.Anartshowreview.

C.Anannouncement.D.Anofficialreport.

【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文。

文章介绍了第六届剑桥科技节好奇挑战赛，5至14岁的学生可以报名参加。

参赛作品可以是一幅画、一篇文章、一张照片或一首诗，且作品能够鼓励人们探索世界。

在4月21日，好奇挑战赛优秀作品的作者将被授予奖项。

21.A　细节理解题。

根据首段中的“Thechallengeinvites，evendaresschoolstudentsbetweentheagesof5and14tocreateartworkorapieceofwritingthatshowstheircuriosity…”可知，5至14岁的学生可以参加比赛。

故选A。

22.D　细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“StudentswhoentertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonouredataspecialceremonyduringtheCSFonSunday，April21st.”可知，颁奖仪式在4月21日举行。

故选D。

23.C　推理判断题。

根据短文的内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Theprogrammeguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableat：

http：

//cambridgesciencefestival.org.”可推知这是一个通知。

故选C。

[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]

B

Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometres）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood,whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.

In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.

24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons________．

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

25.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'“________”．

A.escape　　　　　　　B.ruin

C.liberationD.evolution

26.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A.Toseekpleasure.

B.Tosaveotherbirds.

C.Tomakemoney.

D.Toprotectcrops.

27.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.

B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C.Itwasunfair.

D.Itwasstrict.

【要点综述】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。

在美国，18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很多。

人们认为旅鸽数量多，会有永久的供应，于是杀害了成千上万的旅鸽。

而在19世纪末，美国人伐木驱散了旅鸽。

1897年密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在该州已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群了。

最后一只旅鸽于1914年在辛辛那提动物园死去。

24.D　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“…anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates…”可知选D。

25.B　词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.”可知，人们认为旅鸽数量多，会有永久的供应，于是杀害了成千上万的旅鸽。

由此判断undoing的意思是“死亡，毁灭”。

故选B。

26.C　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.”可知，人们杀死旅鸽主要是为了赚钱。

故选C。

27.B　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.”可知，在密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在该州已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群了，由此可推断旅鸽的数量已经很少了，因此这项法律通过得太晚了。

故选B。

[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]

C

Atypicalliontamer（驯兽师）inpeople'smindisanentertainerholdingawhip（鞭）andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butit'smostlyforshow.Inreality,it'sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion'sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.

Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?

Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve（e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore）—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?

Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan'tfocusorthatwe'refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.

Itdoesn'thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:

allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoaccomplish,someoneyouwanttobecome…takeimmediateaction.Ifyou'reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.

28.Whydoestheliontameruseachair?

A.Totrickthelion.

B.Toshowoffhisskills.

C.Togetreadyforafight.

D.Toentertaintheaudience.

29.Inwhatsensearepeoplesimilartoalionfacingachair?

A.Theyfeelpuzzledoverchoices.

B.Theyholdontothewrongthings.

C.Theyfindithardtomakechanges.

D.Theyhavetodosomethingforshow.

30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.

C.Respectful.D.Supportive.

31.Whentheworldis“wavingachairinyourface”，you'readvisedto________．

A.waitforabetterchance

B.breakyouroldhabits

C.makeaquickdecision

D.askforclearguidance

【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文。

本文作者利用驯兽师对待狮子的例子说明了人们在面临多种选择感到困惑时该如何做。

当我们面对多种选择时，我们常常不知该选哪一种，因此进展较少，或保持原样。

实际上，我们应该专注于一件事，然后下决心做下去。

28.A　细节理解题。

根据首段中的“Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion'sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.”可知，当驯兽师拿着椅子在狮子面前时，狮子会关注椅子的四条腿，故可知椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的。

故选A。

29.A　推理判断题。

根据首段中的“Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.”可知，当关注的东西很分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们与狮子相似，在面临很多选择时也会感到困惑，不知道该怎么做。

故选A。

30.B　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest…”可知，专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这令作者苦恼，由此推断作者对专家的态度是怀疑的。

故选B。

31.C　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:

allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.”可知，当世界在你面前挥舞着一把椅子时，你要集中精力做一件事。

故选C。

[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]

D

AsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguagesofEnglish,Chinese,Spanish,andArabic,otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact,halfofthe6，000～7，000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtotheUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization（UNESCO）．

Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.

MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCentre,YaleUniversity,whospecializesint